Chapter 7 A&P Nervous System
Which of the following is one of the major functions of the pons?
Breathing
Sally has a brain injury; she knows what she wants to say but can't vocalize the words. The part of her brain that deals with the ability to say words properly is the ________.
Broca's Area
The thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus collectively constitute the ________.
Diencephalon (Interbrain)
An action potential is caused by an influx of ________ ions into the cell.
Sodium
Hemiplegia and aphasia characterize those patients who have experienced a ________.
Stroke or CVA
Which branch of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) mobilizes the body during extreme situations, such as rage or fear?
Sympathetic Divison
The gap between two communicating neurons is termed ________.
Synaptic Cleft
What portion of the diencephalon acts as a relay station for sensory impulses traveling to the sensory cortex?
Thalamus
Know the major regions of the brain
frontal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, temporal lobe : Cerebral hemisphere, diencephalon, brain stem, cerebellum
The hypothalamus regulates the ________.
pituitary gland
Know the correct, basic sequence of events of a nerve impulse
1. the membrane becomes depolarized 2. sodium channels open and sodium ions diffuse inward 3. the membrane becomes repolarized 4. potassium channels open and potassium ions diffuse outward while sodium is actively transported out of the cell
How many pairs of spinal nerves emerge from the spinal cord?
31 Pairs
The midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata are housed in the ________.
Brain Stem
Which of the following effects is characteristic of the parasympathetic nervous system?
Decrease heart rate
A stroke in the primary motor area has caused Don to lose control over his skeletal muscles on the right side of his body. What lobe of his brain was damaged?
Frontal Lobe
Damage to the cervical nerve plexus can cause problems with ________.
Hand Movement or Claw hands
Which of the neuroglial cells forms the myelin sheath in the central nervous system?
Oligodendrocytes
The delicate innermost membrane, or meningeal layer, that clings to the surface of the brain and spinal cord is known as the ________ mater.
Pia
In which cerebral lobe is the primary somatosensory cortex located?
Postcentral Gyrus
During repolarization, what ions are pumped out of the cell?
Sodium Ions
What are the major positive ions situated outside the neuron when it is polarized?
Sodium ions
Ganglia are collections of ________.
cell bodies: collections of neuron cell bodies in the spinal cord that are associated with efferent fibers
What is the primary role of the interneuron (association neuron)?
create neural circuits, enabling communication between sensory or motor neurons and the central nervous system (CNS).
What best describes bipolar neurons?
nerve cell from the spinal ganglion of the pike; are specialized sensory neurons for the transmission of special senses.
What statement best describes the resting state of a neuron?
when it is not transmitting any signal, with respect to its immediate surrounding is called resting potential. Generally the value of resting potential is -70mV
Nerve impulses carried from the CNS to muscles or glands are called:
Afferent Neurons
Neurons either conduct action potentials along the length of their axons, or they remain at rest. This statement best describes
All or non response
Which disease is a progressive, degenerative disease of the brain that ultimately results in dementia and is associated with a shortage of acetylcholine?
Alzheimer's Disease
The part of the neuron that typically conducts nerve impulses away from the cell body is the
Axon
What part of the neuron releases neurotransmitters from vesicles?
Axon Terminal
What are the two main functional subdivisions of the nervous system?
CNS & PNS
What brain dysfunction results when the blood supply to a region (or regions) of the brain is blocked and vital brain tissue dies, as by a blood clot or a ruptured blood vessel?
CVA (stroke)
Which ion causes neurotransmitter vesicles to fuse with the axon's membrane during the conduction of a nerve impulse from one neuron to the next?
Calcium
Cerebrospinal fluid is formed from blood by clusters of capillaries in the brain known as ________.
Central Canal
What congenital disorder can occur when there is a temporary lack of oxygen during delivery of a baby?
Cerebral Palsy
The large fiber tract that allows communication between the two cerebral hemispheres is called the ________.
Corpus Callosum
The brain and spinal cord are protected and cushioned by three connective tissue membranes that are collectively called ________.
Meninges
Which ciliated neuroglial cell circulates cerebrospinal fluid?
Ependymal Cells
How are neurons with several processes branching off the cell body, such as motor neurons and interneurons (association neurons), structurally classified?
Multipolar
Impulse conduction is faster in neurons that are ________.
Myelinated
Support cells in the central nervous system are collectively called ________.
Neuroglia
The gaps between Schwann cells found at regular intervals in peripheral system neurons are called
Nodes of Ranvier
The blood-brain barrier is formed by ________ junctions that nearly seamlessly bind capillaries in the brain.
Tight
What pair of cranial nerves extends to the thoracic and abdominal cavities?
Vagues Nerves
Myelinated fibers (tracts) form ________ matter while unmyelinated fibers form ________ matter
White;Grey
What type of neuron connects sensory and motor neurons in neural pathways?
Interneurons
Immediately after an action potential is propagated, which one of the following ions rapidly diffuses out of the cell into the tissue fluid?
Potassium
Sensory receptors located in muscles and tendons are termed ________.
Proprioceptors
Nerve impulse transmissions occurring along myelinated neurons are called ________.
Saltatory conduction/Nuerons
What cells form the myelin sheaths around nerve fibers in the PNS?
Schwann Cells