Anatomy and Physiology: The Heart
What intercostal space is the base located?
2nd
What intercostal space is the apex located?
5th
Chordae tendinae are only associated with?
AV valves
Where does the heart receive most of its ATP?
Anaerobic respiration
Where is the atrioventricular valve located?
Between the atria and ventricles
The left atrioventricular valve is also known as?
Bicuspid valve
What does the myocardium principally consist of?
Cardiac muscle
What is the fx of an artery?
Carries blood away from the heart
What is the fx of the vein?
Carries blood toward the heart
The visceral pericardium also contains small amounts of?
Connective tissue
What is systole?
Contraction
What is the name of the hearts own circulatory system?
Coronary circulation
What are the grooves in the heart referred to as?
Coronary sulcus
What type of tissue is found in the fibrous pericardium?
Dense irregular fibrous connective tissue
A vein contains which type of blood?
Deoxygenated
What is the fx of valves?
Ensure the one way flow of blood through the heart
What is another name for the Visceral Pericardium?
Epicardium
What are the three layers of the heart?
Epicardium, Myocardium, and Endocardium
As the aorta leaves the heart the first two arteries to branch off are the coronary and pulmonary arteries.
Eventually the drop into a coronary sulcus and then branch off into the anterior and posterior interventricular system and from there will drain into the coronary sinus which then drains into the hearts right atrium. (Once all oxygen has been depleated.)
What is the fx of Gap junctions?
Facilitate cellular communication between cardiac muscle cells.
T or F: The aorta is not the largest artery in the body.
False
T or F: The right side of the heart is thicker than the left?
False
The parietal pericardium contains relatively small amounts of what?
Fibrous connective tissue lamina propria connects it to the fibrous pericardium.
If a pin were to be pushed into the heart from outside to inside list what would be hit.
Fibrous pericardium, Parietal pericardium, Parietal cavity and then Visceral pericardium
What are the three types of pericardium?
Fibrous pericardium, parietal pericardium and visceral pericardium
What is the auricle of the heart?
Flap like lateral wall of the atrium
What does the atrioventricular valve have a number of?
Flap like structures that are reffered to as cusps
What are trabeculae carnae?
Fold of muscle covered in endocardium and are principally found in ventricles
What are the valves in the heart primarily composed of?
Folded endothelium
What are the intercalated disks called in cardiac muscle?
Gap junctions
Where is the heart located?
In the mediastinum between the lungs
What is the endothelium?
Inner lining of the heart
What is the endocardium?
Innermost layer of the heart
What muscular structure separate the two ventricles?
Interatrial septum and interventricular septum.
The left side of the heart is thicker than the right. Why?
It has to pump blood to all parts of the body except the lungs.
What is the fx of simple squamous epithelium in the endothelium?
Keeps the blood from coming into contact with underlying collagen fibers and forming a clot.
Another name for the bicuspid valve is?
Left AV valve
What are the four chambers of the heart?
Left and right atrium (atria), Left and right ventricle.
Where is the aortic semilunar valve located?
Left side of the heart
Where is the systemic pump located?
Left side of the heart
Left ventricle is?
Lower chamber
Right ventricle is?
Lower chamber
What is the fx of atrium chambers?
Move blood down to the ventricles.
Where are semi-lunar valves located?
Opening to the major blood vessels of the heart
What is the fibrous pericardium?
Outer fibrous layer of the pericardium
What is the epicardium?
Outer portion of the heart.
What portion is the Visceral pericardium?
Outer portion of the heart.
An artery contains which type of blood?
Oxygenated
What lines the inside of the fibrous pericardium?
Parietal pericardium
What is the space between the visceral pericardium and the parietal pericardium?
Pericardial cavity
What sac contains the heart?
Pericardial sac in the pericardial cavity
What is the fx of chordae tendinae?
Prevent valve prolapse
The right side of the heart contains which pump?
Pulmonary
What is the right side of the heats valve?
Pulmonary pump
What are the two semilunar valves?
Pulmonary semilunar valves, and aortic semilunar valve
What is the fx of the pulmonary pump?
Pump blood from the heart to the lungs
What are papillary muscles?
Pyramid shaped muscles that attach to one end of the chordae tendineae
What is diastole?
Relaxation
Another name for the tricuspid valve is?
Right AV valve
Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located?
Right side of the heart
What is the fx of the interatrial septum?
Separates the two atria from eachother
What is the fx of the intervertebral septum?
Separates the two ventricles from eachother
What fluid is found in the pericardial cavity?
Serous fluid or pericardial fluid
What lies inside of the fibrous pericardium?
Serous membrane
What is cardiac muscle?
Short branched fibers with a single centrally located nucleus, obvious striations and intercalated disks.
What structure forms the endothelium?
Simple squamous epithelium
What structures form the endocardium?
Simple squamous epithelium with a basement membrane
What structures make up the parietal pericardium?
Simple squamous epithelium with a basement membrane
What structures make up the visceral pericardium?
Simple squamous epithelium with a basement membrane
What is the difference between cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle?
Skeletal has long cylindrical cells with numerous peripheral nuclei. Cardiac muscle has short branched fibers with a single centrally located nucleus and gap junctions.
What three major blood vessels deliver blood to the right atrium?
Superior vena cava, Inferior vena cava, and coronary sinus
What is the coronary sulcus located?
Surrounds the heart between the atria and the ventricles
The left side of the heart contains which pump?
Systemic
The right and left ventricles are also known as?
The apex
What is the bottom portion of the heart?
The apex
The right and left atrium are also known as?
The base
What is the flat upper portion of the heart called?
The base
What does the heart exist inside?
The pericardium
What is the pericardium?
Thick durable material
What is the myocardium?
Thick middle layer of the heart.
Atrium walls are very?
Thin
What is a sinus?
Thin walled blood vessel
The right atria has what type of valve?
Three flap like cusps
What is the structure of the semilunar valves?
Three flap like cusps with no chordae tendonae
Aortic semilunar valve opens what?
To the aorta
Pulmonary semilunar valve opens what?
To the pulmonary trunk
The heart beats?
Top to bottom
The right atrioventricular valve is also known as?
Tricuspid valve
T or F: The blood inside the heart does not provide any nourishment for the cardiac muscle.
True
T or F: This Visceral Pericardium is the portion of the serous membrane that is actually attached to the surface of the heart?
True
The left atria has what type of valve?
Two flap like cusps
Left atrium is?
Upper chamber
Right atrium is?
Upper chamber
What is Valve prolapse?
Valve everts and blood flows the wrong direction.
Right and left coronary arteries are?
Very first branches off the aorta.
What is another name for epicardium?
Visceral pericardium
What is the coronary sinus?
Where all the veins drain into and then drains into the right atrium
What is the structure of chordae tendinae?
extend from the flaps or cusps of the AV valves to the pappilary muscles.
What are the Anterior and posterior interventricular sulci?
proceeds inferiorly from the coronary sulcus
What is the fx of atria?
receive blood from veins
