Chapter 7: Axial Skeleton

how many pairs of ribs are attached to the sternum by costal cartilage?

10

ribs pair ___ and ___ are floating ribs

11, 12

how many pairs of ribes does a person generally have?

12

thoracic vertebrae

12

vertebral column is made of ___ and _____.

33 vertebrae, intervertebral discs

sacral vertebrae

5

lumbar vertebrae

6

cervical verterbrae

7

atlas is the name of

C1 vertebrae

dens of axis is an additional feature unique to the ___ vertebra.

C2

axis is the name of

C2 vertebra

intervertebral joints are formed between inferior + superior _____ processes of adjacent vertebrae.

articular

hip bones connect to the sacrum at the ____

auricular surface

the middle portion of sternum that serves as an attachment for the 2-7 ribs is called

body

transverse foramina and bifid spinous processes are the additional features unique to the vertebrae in the ____

cervical region

a large round knuckle-like protuberance with a smooth articular surface at the end of bone is called

condyle

correct order of the shame of normal curves

convex, concave, convex, concave

ribs 1-10 are connected to the sternum by

costal cartilage

inflammation of costal cartilage that results in pain and tenderness in anterior chest is called ______

costochondritis

a prominent ridge or elongated projection

crest

a feature of the ethmoid bone that contains tiny holes called olfactory foramina through which olfactory neurons enter the brain from the nasal cavity.

cribriform plate

a triangular process from the ethmoid bone into the cranial cavity that serves as an attachment point for the falx cerebri

crista galli

displacement of costal cartilage from sternum is called a _____

dislocated rib

a roughened projection above condyle.

epicondyle

_____ bone contains crista galli, cribriform and perpendicular plates, and superior and inferior nasal conchae.

ethmoid

nasal septum is formed by the ____ and _____ bones and septal cartilage.

ethmoid, vomer

another name for the ear canal is an

external auditory meatus

a smooth, flat, slightly concave or convex articular surface is called a

facet

narrow slit between adjacent parts of bones through which blood vessels and nerves pass.

fissure

cranial bones are classified as _____ according to the shape.

flat

sternum and ribs are classified as ______ according to the shape,

flat

the "soft-spots" on an infants skull between skull bones filled with mesenchyme and/or cartilage

fontanels

an opening through which blood vessels, nerves, or ligaments pass.

foramen

an opening in the skull where the spinal cord enters the brain is called

forman magnum

shallow depression that usually forms a socket for movable joint.

fossa

there are ____ normal curves a vertebral column have as viewed from the side.

four

a break in rib (bone) is called a

fracture

a round articular projection on a neck is called

head

___ and ___ of each rib contain articular facets that form joints with the vertebrae

head, tubercle

u-shaped bone under the jaw that serves as the support and attachment for tongue, neck, and throat muscles.

hyoid bone

Normal curves of the vertebral column

increased strength, better maintenance of balance, shock absorption, protection from fractures.

vertebrae are classified as _____ according to the shape.

irregular

an abnormal curve in the vertebral column that manifests in the increase in the thoracic curve. (hunchback)

kyphosis

tears drain into the nasal cavity via an opening in the skull bone called

lacrimal fossa

a long narrow ridge or border.

line

Humerus, femur, and tibia are classified as _____ according to the shape.

long

an abnormal curve in the vertebral column that manifests in the increase in the lumbar curve. (hollow back)

lordosis

region contains the thickest strongest vertebrae.

lumbar

the topmost portion of sternum that serves as an attachment for the collarbones is called

manubrium

Hard palate is formed by the ____ and ____ bones.

maxilla, palatine

a tubelike opening

meatus

short, flat, irregular, and sesamoid bones lack _____ in their structure.

medullary cavity

contains foramen magnum

occipital bone

bony eye sockets made of 7 skull bones joined by sutures with many openings in between that contain eyeballs.

orbits

New blood cells are made in the ____ inside the _____.

red marrow, spongy bone

hip bones are connected to the ____ region of the vertebral column

sacral

vertebrae in the ____ region fuse together before 15-30 years of age

sacral

an abnormal curve in the vertebral column that manifests in the lateral bent of the spine.

scoliosis

A feature of the sphenoid bone that accommodates a pituitary gland

sella turcica

displacement of rib from its costal cartilage is called a ____

separated rib

patella bone is classified as _____ according to the shape.

sesamoid

carpal and tarsal bones are classified as ____ according to the shape.

short

small cavities inside some cranial bones lined with mucous membranes that purify and moisture inhaled air.

sinuses

sutural bones are found in the ____.

skull

bones apart of the axial skeleton:

skull, hyoid bone, vertebra, sternum, ribs, auditory ossicles

bone contains sella turcica, and pterygoid processes

sphenoid

sharp, slender projection

spinous process

bone bumps felt through the skin in the back along the length of the spine are called _____

spinous processes

is furrow along bone surface that accommodates a blood vessel, nerve, or tendon.

sulcus

vertebral column functions:

supports the head, provides attachment for ribs, hip bones, and muscles, encloses and protects spinal cord and nerves

immovable joints that hold skull bones together are called

sutures

____ bone contains external auditory meatus, mastoid, styloid, and zygomatic processes, mandibular fossa, and carotid, and jugular foramina.

temporal

zygomatic arch is formed by the ____ and ____ bones.

temporal, zygomatic

ribs are connected to the _____

thoracic vertebrae

parts of the thorax:

thoracic vertebrae, ribs, costal cartilage, sternum

ribs connect to the ___ of thoracic vertebrae.

transverse processes.

very large projection that is only present on femur

trochanter

a variably sized round projection that looks like a bump or knob.

tubercle

a variable sized thick rounded outgrowth (projection) that has a rough, bumpy surface.

tuberosity

Intervertebral discs are located between the ____ of adjacent vertebrae.

vertebral bodies

spinal cord passes through the ____ of each vertebra.

vertebral formen

the inferior portion of sternum that serves as an attachment for the abs (abdominal) muscles is called

xiphoid process

Fat is stored in the _____ inside the _____ and ______.

yellow marrow, medullary cavity, spongy bone