Chapter 7: Axial Skeleton
how many pairs of ribs are attached to the sternum by costal cartilage?
10
ribs pair ___ and ___ are floating ribs
11, 12
how many pairs of ribes does a person generally have?
12
thoracic vertebrae
12
vertebral column is made of ___ and _____.
33 vertebrae, intervertebral discs
sacral vertebrae
5
lumbar vertebrae
6
cervical verterbrae
7
atlas is the name of
C1 vertebrae
dens of axis is an additional feature unique to the ___ vertebra.
C2
axis is the name of
C2 vertebra
intervertebral joints are formed between inferior + superior _____ processes of adjacent vertebrae.
articular
hip bones connect to the sacrum at the ____
auricular surface
the middle portion of sternum that serves as an attachment for the 2-7 ribs is called
body
transverse foramina and bifid spinous processes are the additional features unique to the vertebrae in the ____
cervical region
a large round knuckle-like protuberance with a smooth articular surface at the end of bone is called
condyle
correct order of the shame of normal curves
convex, concave, convex, concave
ribs 1-10 are connected to the sternum by
costal cartilage
inflammation of costal cartilage that results in pain and tenderness in anterior chest is called ______
costochondritis
a prominent ridge or elongated projection
crest
a feature of the ethmoid bone that contains tiny holes called olfactory foramina through which olfactory neurons enter the brain from the nasal cavity.
cribriform plate
a triangular process from the ethmoid bone into the cranial cavity that serves as an attachment point for the falx cerebri
crista galli
displacement of costal cartilage from sternum is called a _____
dislocated rib
a roughened projection above condyle.
epicondyle
_____ bone contains crista galli, cribriform and perpendicular plates, and superior and inferior nasal conchae.
ethmoid
nasal septum is formed by the ____ and _____ bones and septal cartilage.
ethmoid, vomer
another name for the ear canal is an
external auditory meatus
a smooth, flat, slightly concave or convex articular surface is called a
facet
narrow slit between adjacent parts of bones through which blood vessels and nerves pass.
fissure
cranial bones are classified as _____ according to the shape.
flat
sternum and ribs are classified as ______ according to the shape,
flat
the "soft-spots" on an infants skull between skull bones filled with mesenchyme and/or cartilage
fontanels
an opening through which blood vessels, nerves, or ligaments pass.
foramen
an opening in the skull where the spinal cord enters the brain is called
forman magnum
shallow depression that usually forms a socket for movable joint.
fossa
there are ____ normal curves a vertebral column have as viewed from the side.
four
a break in rib (bone) is called a
fracture
a round articular projection on a neck is called
head
___ and ___ of each rib contain articular facets that form joints with the vertebrae
head, tubercle
u-shaped bone under the jaw that serves as the support and attachment for tongue, neck, and throat muscles.
hyoid bone
Normal curves of the vertebral column
increased strength, better maintenance of balance, shock absorption, protection from fractures.
vertebrae are classified as _____ according to the shape.
irregular
an abnormal curve in the vertebral column that manifests in the increase in the thoracic curve. (hunchback)
kyphosis
tears drain into the nasal cavity via an opening in the skull bone called
lacrimal fossa
a long narrow ridge or border.
line
Humerus, femur, and tibia are classified as _____ according to the shape.
long
an abnormal curve in the vertebral column that manifests in the increase in the lumbar curve. (hollow back)
lordosis
region contains the thickest strongest vertebrae.
lumbar
the topmost portion of sternum that serves as an attachment for the collarbones is called
manubrium
Hard palate is formed by the ____ and ____ bones.
maxilla, palatine
a tubelike opening
meatus
short, flat, irregular, and sesamoid bones lack _____ in their structure.
medullary cavity
contains foramen magnum
occipital bone
bony eye sockets made of 7 skull bones joined by sutures with many openings in between that contain eyeballs.
orbits
New blood cells are made in the ____ inside the _____.
red marrow, spongy bone
hip bones are connected to the ____ region of the vertebral column
sacral
vertebrae in the ____ region fuse together before 15-30 years of age
sacral
an abnormal curve in the vertebral column that manifests in the lateral bent of the spine.
scoliosis
A feature of the sphenoid bone that accommodates a pituitary gland
sella turcica
displacement of rib from its costal cartilage is called a ____
separated rib
patella bone is classified as _____ according to the shape.
sesamoid
carpal and tarsal bones are classified as ____ according to the shape.
short
small cavities inside some cranial bones lined with mucous membranes that purify and moisture inhaled air.
sinuses
sutural bones are found in the ____.
skull
bones apart of the axial skeleton:
skull, hyoid bone, vertebra, sternum, ribs, auditory ossicles
bone contains sella turcica, and pterygoid processes
sphenoid
sharp, slender projection
spinous process
bone bumps felt through the skin in the back along the length of the spine are called _____
spinous processes
is furrow along bone surface that accommodates a blood vessel, nerve, or tendon.
sulcus
vertebral column functions:
supports the head, provides attachment for ribs, hip bones, and muscles, encloses and protects spinal cord and nerves
immovable joints that hold skull bones together are called
sutures
____ bone contains external auditory meatus, mastoid, styloid, and zygomatic processes, mandibular fossa, and carotid, and jugular foramina.
temporal
zygomatic arch is formed by the ____ and ____ bones.
temporal, zygomatic
ribs are connected to the _____
thoracic vertebrae
parts of the thorax:
thoracic vertebrae, ribs, costal cartilage, sternum
ribs connect to the ___ of thoracic vertebrae.
transverse processes.
very large projection that is only present on femur
trochanter
a variably sized round projection that looks like a bump or knob.
tubercle
a variable sized thick rounded outgrowth (projection) that has a rough, bumpy surface.
tuberosity
Intervertebral discs are located between the ____ of adjacent vertebrae.
vertebral bodies
spinal cord passes through the ____ of each vertebra.
vertebral formen
the inferior portion of sternum that serves as an attachment for the abs (abdominal) muscles is called
xiphoid process
Fat is stored in the _____ inside the _____ and ______.
yellow marrow, medullary cavity, spongy bone