Chapter 7

System _ processes are fast because they rely on heuristics and they are automatic.

1

What is this a 6 year old kid's IQ if their mental age is 8?

133

System _ processes is controlled and are used for difficult problems.

2

Binet's intelligence test to determine which studen'ts did not learn effectively from regular classroom instruction is given to people age 2 and up, consists of ____ items is called the _____-_____ test.

30 Stanford-Binet

Howard Gardner suggests there are how many types of intelligence, or "frames of mind."

9

Of the following, which describes the purpose of concepts? A: Allow us to associate experiences and objects B: Useful primarily in language development C: Allow us to generalize D: Aid memory E. Provide clues about how to react to a particular experience F: Provide a typical, highly representative example of a category

A, C, D, E

A child with a chronological age of 6 and a mental age of 12 would have an intelligence quotient (IQ) score, choose 1: A. higher than 100 B. lower than 100 C. right around 100 D. that could only be computed with more information.

A. higher than 100

What is intelligence?

Ability to learn from one's experiences, acquire knowledge and use resources effectively in adapting to new situations or solving problems.

A very bright child has a mental age _______ their chronological age and a less bright child has a mental age _______ their chronological age?

Above; below

Who developed the concept of mental age?

Alfred Binet

__________ are strategies that guarantee a solution to a problem.

Algorithms

What are 3 forms of triarchic theory of intelligence and what do they mean?

Analytical intelligence: The ability to analyze, judge, evaluate, compare, and contrast. Creative intelligence: The ability to create, design, invent, originate, and imagine. Practical intelligence: The ability to use, apply, implement, and put ideas into practice.

What are the heuristic errors that affect the quality of decisions?

Availability Representativeness

______ _______ ______ is the tendency to ignore information about general principles in favor of very specific but vivid information.

Base rate neglect

What are the biases that affect the qualify of decisions?

Base rate neglect Confirmation Hindsight Loss aversion

__________ the way in which information is processed and manipulated in remembering, thinking, and knowing

Cognition

_______ are mental categories that are used to group objects, events, and characteristics

Concepts

________ bias is the tendency to search for and use information that supports our ideas rather than refutes them

Confirmation

_________ making involves __________ amongst alternatives

Decision; deciding

The first step in problem solving is to _____________________________________.

Find and frame the problem

_______________ are such shortcut strategies or guidelines that suggest a solution to a problem but do not guarantee an answer

Heuristics

_______ bias is the tendency to report falsely, after the fact, that we accurately predicted an outcome

Hindsight

Hindsight bias is also called what?

I knew it all along effect

What is the equation for IQ?

IQ = (MA/CA) x 100

_______ _______ is a individual's mental age divided by chronological age multiplied by 100:

Intelligence quotient

__________ is a form of communication whether ______, _______ or _____ that is based on a system of _______.

Language written, spoke or signed symbols

_______ ________ refers to the tendency to strongly prefer to avoid losses compared to acquiring gains.

Loss aversion

What is mental age?

Person's level of mental development related to others.

____________ _______________ is generating a process to reach a goal.

Problem solving

Who believed that intelligence was a function of sensory capacity?

Sir Francis Galton

What did Spearmen believe regarding the g factor?

That intelligence is a general ability and that the intelligent person is a jack of all cognitive trades

Robert J. Sternberg developed the _______ _____ of _________ that says intelligence comes in three forms.

Thiarchic theory of intelligence

What does the 9 types of intelligence according to Gardner mean and what type of job would these people have? Verbal: Mathematical: Spatial: Bodily-kinesthetic: Musical: Interpersonal: Intrapersonal: Naturalist: Existentialist:

Think in words and use language to express meaning. Occupations: author, journalist, speaker. Carry out mathematical operations. Occupations: scientist, engineer, accountant. Think 3D. Occupations: architect, artist, sailor. Manipulate objects and to be physically adept. Occupations: surgeon, craftsperson, dancer, athlete. Be sensitive to pitch, melody, rhythm, and tone. Occupations: composer, musician. Understand and interact effectively with others. Occupations: teacher, mental health professional. Understanding oneself. Occupations: theologian, psychologist. Observe patterns in nature and understand natural and human-made systems. Occupations: farmer, botanist, ecologist, landscaper. Grapple with the big ? of human existence, such as the meaning of life and death, with special sensitivity to issues of spirituality. Occupation: Gardner did not identify. Maybe philosopher?

_____________ involves manipulating information mentally by forming concepts, solving problems, making decisions, and reflecting in a critical or creative manner

Thinking

What is fluid intelligence?

What a person is born with

What is crystallized intelligence?

What is learned from school like the ability tos olve problems, remember things

Chronological age is a person's ______ _____ _______.

age from birth.

The __________ heuristic refers to a prediction about the probability of an event based on the ease of recalling or imagining similar events

availability

Animal language does not use a _______ number of meaningful statements that can e made for the purpose of communicating with others

infinite

Thinking about a person's level of intelligence, you should compare a person's _____ age to their ______ age

mental;chronological

The _________ heuristic is the tendency to make judgments about group membership based on physical appearances or the match between a person and one's stereotype of a group rather than on available base rate information.

representativeness