Chapter 7 Quiz

Which sequence for the flow of energy during respiration is correct? Glucose -> ATP -> Chemiosmosis -> Electron Transport Chain -> NADH b) Glucose -> NADH -> Electron Transport Chain -> Chemiosmosis -> ATP c) NADH -> Glucose -> Chemiosmosis -> Electron Transport Chain ->ATP d) ATP -> NADH -> Glucose -> Electron Transport Chain -> Chemiosmosis

Glucose -> NADH -> Electron Transport Chain -> Chemiosmosis -> ATP

What is the main importance of oxygen being present during the entire process of cellular respiration? Catalyze the reactions that occur during glycolysis in the cytoplasm. b) It combines with carbon to form carbon dioxide as the waste product of the process. c) Yield energy in the form of ATP as it is passed through the electron transport chain. d) It acts as an electron and hydrogen acceptor so that water can be formed.

It acts as an electron and hydrogen acceptor so that water can be formed.

Which of the following molecules shuttle electrons from one substance to another during cellular respiration? FAD and ATP b) NAD+ and ATP c) NAD+ and FAD d) ATP and ADP

NAD+ and FAD

Which of the following statements about the electron transport chain is true? H+ is pumped into the mitochondrial matrix. b) FAD is reduced to FADH2. c) NAD+ is reduced to NADH. d) Oxygen is reduced to form water.

Oxygen is reduced to form water.

How many ATP molecules are used and produced per molecule of glucose during glycolysis? The first half of glycolysis uses 2 ATPs, and the second half of glycolysis produces 4 ATPs. b) The first half of glycolysis produces 2 ATPs, and the second half of glycolysis uses 4 ATPs. c) The first half of glycolysis uses 4 ATPs, and the second half of glycolysis produces 2 ATPs. d) The first half of glycolysis produces 4 ATPS, and the second half of glycolysis uses 2 ATPs.

The first half of glycolysis uses 2 ATPs, and the second half of glycolysis produces 4 ATPs.

FAD is reduced to form FADH2 in this reaction:

citric acid cycle

acetyl CoA is used in this reaction:

citric acid cycle

FADH2 and NADH are used to power these reactions:

electron transport chain/oxidative phosphorylation

oxidation of NADH occurs here:

electron transport chain/oxidative phosphorylation

oxygen serves as final electron acceptor in this stage:

electron transport chain/oxidative phosphorylation

synthesis of nearly all the possible ATPs occurs here:

electron transport chain/oxidative phosphorylation

occurs in the cytosol:

glycolysis

production of pyruvate occurs here:

glycolysis

The function of an electron in the electron transport chain is to _____. dephosphorylate ATP producing ADP b) power active transport pumps c) reduce heme in complex III d) oxidize oxygen

power active transport pumps

Which of the following is the best definition of "aerobic respiration?" a) process in which organisms convert energy in the presence of oxygen b) process of breaking glucose into two three-carbon molecules with the production of ATP and NADH c) process in which organisms convert energy for their use in the absence of oxygen

process in which organisms convert energy in the presence of oxygen

What would be the outcome if hydrogen ions were able to diffuse through the mitochondrial membrane into the mitochondria without the need for integral membrane proteins? ATP would not be produced. b) Pyruvate would not be produced. c) Citric acid would not be produced. d) Carbon dioxide would not be produced.

ATP would not be produced.

What is removed from pyruvate during its conversion into an acetyl group? oxygen b) ATP c) vitamin B d) carbon dioxide

carbon dioide

Which of the following is the best definition of "redox reaction?" process of regenerating NAD+ with either an inorganic or organic compound serving as the final electron acceptor; occurs in the absence of oxygen b) chemical reaction that consists of the coupling of an oxidation reaction and a reduction reaction c) addition of a high-energy phosphate to a compound, usually a metabolic intermediate, a protein, or ADP d) removal of a phosphate group from a molecule

chemical reaction that consists of the coupling of an oxidation reaction and a reduction reaction

NAD+ is reduced to form NADH in this reaction:

glycolysis, pyruvate processing, and citric acid cycle (Krebs)

Which of the following is the best definition of "anaerobic cellular respiration?" addition of a high-energy phosphate to a compound, usually a metabolic intermediate, a protein, or ADP b) process in which organisms convert energy in the presence of oxygen c) (also, citric acid cycle) alternate name for the citric acid cycle, named after the group name for citric acid, tricarboxylic acid (TCA); see citric acid cycle d) process in which organisms convert energy for their use in the absence of oxygen

process in which organisms convert energy for their use in the absence of oxygen

Which of the following is the best definition of "glycolysis?" process in which organisms convert energy for their use in the absence of oxygen b) process of breaking glucose into two three-carbon molecules with the production of ATP and NADH c) production of ATP using the process of chemiosmosis and oxygen d) process of regenerating NAD+ with either an inorganic or organic compound serving as the final electron acceptor; occurs in the absence of oxygen

process of breaking glucose into two three-carbon molecules with the production of ATP and NADH

Which of the following is the best definition of "oxidative phosphorylation?" production of ATP using the process of chemiosmosis and oxygen b) production of ATP from ADP using the excess energy from a chemical reaction and a phosphate group from a reactant c) process in which there is a production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in cellular metabolism by the involvement of a proton gradient across a membrane

production of ATP using the process of chemiosmosis and oxygen

pyruvate is converted into acetyl CoA in this reaction:

pyruvate processing

synthesis of CO2 occurs here:

pyruvate processing and citric acid cycle

How many NADH molecules are produced on each turn of the citric acid cycle? ) one b) two c) three d) four

three

Which of the following is the best definition of "pyruvate?" nzyme that converts a molecule into its isomer b) combination of an acetyl group derived from pyruvic acid and coenzyme A, which is made from pantothenic acid (a B-group vitamin) c) membrane-embedded protein complex that adds a phosphate to ADP with energy from protons diffusing through it d) three-carbon sugar that can be decarboxylated and oxidized to make acetyl CoA, which enters the citric acid cycle under aerobic conditions; the end product of glycolysis

three-carbon sugar that can be decarboxylated and oxidized to make acetyl CoA, which enters the citric acid cycle under aerobic conditions; the end product of glycolysis

Which of the following statements about catabolic pathways is false? Carbohydrates can feed into oxidative phosphorylation. b) Glycerol can be broken down into glucose and feed into glycolysis. c) Amino acids can feed into pyruvate oxidation. d) Fatty acids can feed into the citric acid cycle.

Carbohydrates can feed into oxidative phosphorylation.

Which of the following statements about the oxidative phosphorylation is true? The electron transport chain is similar to glycolysis and the citric acid cycle because it takes place in the absence of oxygen. b) The electron transport chain is a series of electron transporters embedded in the plasma membrane that shuttles electrons from ATP to the terminal electron acceptor. c) Chemiosmosis occurs when ATP synthase uses a proton gradient to form ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate.

Chemiosmosis occurs when ATP synthase uses a proton gradient to form ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate.

What is the most direct source of energy that is used to convert ADP + Pi into ATP during chemiosmotic phosphorylation? Energy released from the movement of protons through ATP synthase. b) Energy released as electrons from the electron transport chain. c) No external source of energy is required because the reaction is exergonic. d) Substrate-level phosphorylation produces the ions that make the energy.

Energy released from the movement of protons through ATP synthase.

Which of the following statements about glycolysis is true? The preparatory stage of glycolysis extracts energy and stores it in the form of ATP and NADH. b) Glycolysis ends with the production of three molecules of pyruvate. c) Glycolysis takes place only in eukaryotes. d) Glycolysis is anaerobic.

Glycolysis is anaerobic.

Carbon monoxide binds to cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV) in the electron transport chain. This results in carbon monoxide competitively inhibiting complex IV from functioning. Which of the following is NOT an outcome of this inhibition? Oxygen will not be reduced. b) Water will not be formed. c) Chemiosmosis will be impaired. d) Glycolysis will cease.

Glycolysis will cease.

What happens to pyruvate molecules if oxygen is not present in sufficient quantities? It gets converted into ethanol and lactic acid. b) Amino acids and fatty acids are produced. c) Carbon dioxide and water are made as waste products. d) It is changed into acetyl CoA and citric acid.

It gets converted into ethanol and lactic acid.

During cellular respiration, a proton gradient is generated in the mitochondria. What makes it and for what is it primarily used? a) It is made by the citric acid cycle (CAC) and is used for substrate-level phosphorylation. b) It is made through the process of glycolysis and is used to produce water. c) It is made by the electron transport chain and is primarily used for ATP synthesis. d) It is made through fermentation and is used mainly to reduce NAD+ molecules.

It is made by the electron transport chain and is primarily used for ATP synthesis.

In which of the following ways does lactic acid fermentation differ from oxidative phosphorylation? Lactic acid fermentation uses pyruvate as a final electron acceptor. b) Lactic acid fermentation uses oxygen as a final electron acceptor. c) Lactic acid fermentation requires the products of glycolysis. d) Lactic acid fermentation regenerates NAD+.

Lactic acid fermentation uses pyruvate as a final electron acceptor.

Cyanide is a toxic compound because it blocks the production of ATP. What effect will cyanide have on glycolysis? Excess glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate will be produced. b) Excess glucose-6-phosphate will be produced. c) Pyruvate will not be produced. d) It will have no effect on glycolysis.

Pyruvate will not be produced.

Which of these is most likely to occur if the electron transport chain lacks oxygen? The cell will produce carbon dioxide as a final product. b) The cell will produce water as its final product. c) The cell will undergo fermentation instead. d) The cell will produce more molecules of ATP than normal.

The cell will undergo fermentation instead.

Which of the following apply to both FAD and NAD+? They are oxidizing agents and donate electrons. b) They are oxidizing agents and accept electrons. c) They are reducing agents and donate electrons. d) They are reducing agents and accept electrons.

They are oxidizing agents and accept electrons.

What do the electrons added to NAD+ do in aerobic respiration? They become part of a fermentation pathway. b) They go to another pathway for ATP production. c) They energize the acetyl group in the citric acid cycle. d) They are converted to NADP.

They go to another pathway for ATP production.

What is the primary function of the NADH and the FADH2 that form during the Kreb's Cycle? Remove the waste carbon dioxide from the mitochondria. b) Facilitate the production of water by combining hydrogen with oxygen. c) Catalyze the production of ATP from ADP. d) They transport electrons into the electron transport system.

They transport electrons into the electron transport system.

Which of the following is the best definition of "phosphorylation?" addition of a high-energy phosphate to a compound, usually a metabolic intermediate, a protein, or ADP b) process of regenerating NAD+ with either an inorganic or organic compound serving as the final electron acceptor; occurs in the absence of oxygen c) removal of a phosphate group from a molecule d) process in which there is a production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in cellular metabolism by the involvement of a proton gradient across a membrane

addition of a high-energy phosphate to a compound, usually a metabolic intermediate, a protein, or ADP

A reducing chemical reaction ________. reduces the compound to a simpler form b) adds an electron to the substrate c) adds a hydrogen atom to the substrate d) is a catabolic reaction

adds an electron to the substrate

Which of the following processes release carbon dioxide? lactic acid fermentation b) alcohol fermentation c) electron transport chain d) glycolysis

alcohol fermentation

Chemiosmosis involves the movement of _______ . electrons across the cell membrane b) hydrogen atoms across a mitochondrial membrane c) hydrogen ions across a mitochondrial membrane d) glucose through the cell membrane

hydrogen ions across a mitochondrial membrane

Which of the following fermentation methods can occur in animal skeletal muscles? lactic acid fermentation b) alcohol fermentation c) mixed acid fermentation d) propionic fermentation

lactic acid fermentation

Which of the following is the best definition of "ATP synthase?" membrane-embedded protein complex that adds a phosphate to ADP with energy from protons diffusing through it b) combination of an acetyl group derived from pyruvic acid and coenzyme A, which is made from pantothenic acid (a B-group vitamin) c) enzyme that converts a molecule into its isomer d) three-carbon sugar that can be decarboxylated and oxidized to make acetyl CoA, which enters the citric acid cycle under aerobic conditions; the end product of glycolysis

membrane-embedded protein complex that adds a phosphate to ADP with energy from protons diffusing through it

In eukaryotic cells during aerobic respiration, pyruvate molecules produced at the end of glycolysis are transported into the _____. extracellular space b) plasma membrane c) mitochondria d) cytoplasm

mitochondria

What biochemical process generates the most ATP during the breakdown of glucose through aerobic respiration? oxidative phosphorylation b) substrate-level phosphorylation c) dephosphorylation of ATP d) hydrolysis of ATP

oxidative phosphorylation