Chapter 8-7

What is an example of teaching conflict resolution in the classroom?

Acting out a scenarios offering guided practice in a neutral context.

What are some of the techniques teachers use in low-profile classroom management?

Address inattentive behavior quietly without drawing attention to the misbehaving student. Bring disruptive students into the activity as subtly as possible, by focusing on the task or activity, rather than the distraction. Demonstrate that you enforce rules by asking the offending child to repeat the rule, and then return to instruction as soon as possible. Make eye contact with the misbehaving student. Gently touching an off-task student can refocus their attention. Use traditional behavior modification techniques that focus on appropriate behavior rather than on the misbehaving student. Physically manipulate (remove or add) materials that are distracting an individual either without comment or with a quiet comment under your breath.

Boys communication styles

Are more likely to demand

Girls communication styles

Are more likely to disclose emotional or personal information

Strategies for establishing and maintaining a productive learning environment include these

Arrange the classroom in a way that minimizes possible distractions Arrange furniture to facilitate your interaction with all students. Place misbehaving and/or uninvolved students near you. Situate yourself where you can see all your students. Communicate your care and concern for students. Actively work to repair nonproductive teacher-student relationships. Maintain a businesslike atmosphere, focusing on students' achievement of instructional objectives. Refrain from threatening behaviors. Communicate the value of classroom subject matter in students' own lives; focus students' attention on mastery goals rather than performance goals. Let students control some aspects of classroom life. Minimize competition among students. Create a sense of community and belongingness among students. Establish a few rules for appropriate classroom behavior at the beginning of the school year. Create routines for accomplishing classroom tasks. Describe rules and procedures in an informational rather than controlling manner. Involve students in decision making about classroom rules and procedures. Acknowledge students' feelings about unpleasant tasks. Be consistent and equitable in your enforcement of rules. Plan classroom activities in advance. Keep students productively engaged. Choose tasks and assignments appropriate for students' ability levels. Begin the school year with easy and familiar tasks; introduce more difficult ones only after a supportive classroom climate has been established. Provide some structure for classroom activities. Give students something to do during transition times. Monitor what students are doing at all times Modify instruction to keep students on task.

Communicating care and respect for students.

Effective teachers communicate through the many little things they do each day—greeting students warmly in the hallway, being willing listeners when students have concerns or complaints, and so on. Along with being well prepared for class, scaffolding students' efforts on challenging tasks, giving constructive feedback on classroom assignments, and in other ways demonstrating an eagerness to help students master classroom subject matter.

What is the process the teacher recommends to mediate disagreements and social issues?

Find a quiet place away from other students. Set rules, such as "look at each other when speaking" and "listen actively while the other student speaks." Give each student ample opportunity to explain his or her thoughts and feelings about what happened. Help students arrive at an understanding of what happened. Help students determine if any actions need to be taken, such as apologies. Guide students to determine guidelines for future behavior in similar circumstances. Have students reiterate what their own behavior will be as dictated by their mutual plan for similar situations. Confirm agreement with all students.

Students are most likely to follow classroom rules if they understand the reasons behind the rules. Below are four possible ways through which we might help students learn why we establish certain rules for classroom behavior. Which one is most consistent with general recommendations for establishing rules?

Have students discuss problems that arise in the classroom and develop possible ways of solving them.

Teachers can foster moral and ethical principals by

Help students to understand and/or develop a class code of conduct, establish guidelines related to cheating and plagiarism, focus on taking responsibility and the development of values, engage in frequent and open discussion about ethical issues.

where does a students sense of civic responsibility often begin?

In the classroom setting

motivate strategies

Internal attributions by implying that becoming a good writer is within students' control. Positive individual praise/feedback. Use suggestions and rationales more than direct commands, which should enhance students' sense of self-determination.

What is low-profile classroom management?

Low-profile classroom management is the use of strategies and systems that extinguish or diminish misbehavior without disrupting the flow of the class.

what are some behaviors to suggest that students feel psychologically safe in the classroom?

Many students volunteer to read their work to the class. Many students willingly offer both positive and negative feedback. The story authors seem comfortable hearing their peers' suggestions for improvement.

Ms. Parisi, a fifth grade teacher, wants all her students to be able to see her easily. She has learned from one of her professional journals that the students nearest the teacher are more likely to pay attention and learn in class. So as she arranges her classroom at the beginning of the year, she puts her desk in the center of the room and puts the students' desks in three concentric circles around her. Identify the biggest problem with Ms. Parisi's arrangement.

Ms. Parisi will not be able to see the entire class from where she is seated.

Examples of key goals for teachers

Names right away, individual interests, lead get -to know-you activities ( students learn about other students), communicate high expectations, commitment to help others, celebrate achievements and efforts, Show respect for diversity.

How can teachers promote conflict resolution skills ?

Reassurance that conflict is normal and be a growth experience, assigning open-ended instructional activities that require problem-solving skills and strategies, directly teaching conflict resolution in the classroom.

What other steps can teachers take to create a supportive environment for students who are English language learners?

Recognizing individual differences. Some students who are English learners may be more fluent than others in English or in their native languages. Assessing strengths and needs. Teachers should assess the strengths and needs of each student in order to plan effective instruction. Providing time for students to work collaboratively with classmates who speak the same language. Working collaboratively with classmates can be highly beneficial. Providing support systems for families who may need help in learning English.

What are some reasons for establishing rules, to help students understand?

Setting the stage for a positive school year, creating guidelines that will allow students to live and work together effectively over the course of the year, keeping students safe, "keeping the peace," and avoiding future behavior problems.

behaviors suggest intrinsic motivation

Several students seem eager to read their stories to the class. Genuinely attentive to their classmates' stories. The student authors don't seem to mind having their work critiqued, indicating that their focus may be more on mastery goals than on performance goals.

Which one of the following examples best describes differences between students with a mastery orientation and students with learned helplessness?

Students with a mastery orientation set high goals and seek challenges. Students with learned helplessness underestimate their ability and set low goals.

What are the benefits of implementing low-profile classroom management?

Teachers who use low-profile classroom management techniques increase their skill in anticipating, deflecting, and reacting to inappropriate behaviors in the classroom, resulting in increased productive class time.

Example of Extrinsic motivation

The students may be working for grades, gold stars, or praise and recognition that successful completion of the task may bring.

benefits of Independence in the morning routine

The teacher does not need to provide prompts throughout the morning routine. Students with jobs can be seen efficiently and effectively completing those jobs without comment or prompting. Students utilize the displayed routine as a self-check for their progress in the routine. Students complete the routine and begin seatwork promptly and quietly.

Three of the following describe recommendations that researchers suggest are useful for helping students with special needs. Which statement would not be recommended?

When students have social or behavioral problems, vary the classroom routine considerably from one day to the next.

Creating a sense of community.

a sense that all class members share common goals, are mutually respectful and supportive of one another's efforts, and believe that everyone makes an important contribution to classroom learning.

Examples of intrinsic motivation

activities that arouse their curiosity, activities that build on established interests, activities that seem personally relevant, personally satisfying outcome, seen as controllable

Culture

as socially transmitted ways of thinking, believing, feeling, and acting within a group

What does asking question support

attention, development or assessing interest, evaluating students preparation and determining prior knowledge, reviewing previous lessons, engaging students in discussion, developing critical and creative thinking skills, checking for comprehension or level of understanding, summarizing information, stimulating students pursue knowledge on their own

Concrete reinforcement is best used for...

capture students initial attention for a task, motivate an unmotivated student or group of students, engage students in an activity or task of low interest, give students social support and acceptance.

Strategies to respond to misbehaviors

cures, proximity, reminders of positive behaviors, withholding privileges, removal or isolation, assigning detention, schools office, conference with parent

Linguistic background: when listening to students speak, teachers may need too.

define terms, especially idiomatic or figurative language. Teacher need to recognize key differences in the syntax and grammar rules of different languages or dialects.

Teacher can help encourage intrinsic motivation

encourage realistic challenges and rewarding efforts to achieve, increasing the students send of the value in the task and their expectation of success.

Democratic models focus on?

encouraging students to be accountable for their own behaviors. Allow students to participate in the management of the classroom, help make rules and consequences.

Strategies to preventing misbehaviors

environment awareness, working the room, overlap skills, smooth transitions.

Are grades external or intrinsic?

external reward and is a performance goal

fostering some extrinsic motivation during this activity?

focus on performance goals. Because their writing is so public, most of the students probably have some concern about how they appear to their classmates; thus, they probably have performance goals as well as mastery goals. Furthermore, the students are getting praise from their teacher and classmates.

Students can make a civic choose by

inviting student participation in classroom decision-making and development of rules, supporting participation in school governance activities, Integrating community-based and service learning into curriculum, developing fundraising or educational initiatives.

What is conflict resolution?

is a teachers- guided process that assists students in working through their own social conflicts and issues.

What is an example of highly directive approach?

is assertive discipline, a behaviorist approach in which teachers establish rules, require student compliance, and expect parental and administrative support.

Extrinsic motivation

is easy to reinforce, a teacher rewards and the students continues to perform the task,

What is the primary way to gains students attention and encourage them

is first to capture their curiosity or capitalize on their interests and then introduce learning activities that students see as personally relevant and as having a satisfying outcome

ELL benefit from what in classroom interactions

learning norms of interaction — how close one can comfortably stand from another person, whether and when to maintain eye contact, the meanings of gestures and facial expressions...

Three primary factors Attribution regarding the reasons for their successes and failures.

locus ( internal or external), stability, and controllability

effective high level questions address the following cognitive process

reflection, challenging assumptions, transferring knowledge, finding relations among concepts or ideas, drawing conclusions

Intrinsic motivation

related to achievement, and so teachers should aim to provide learning activities that promote students.

A teacher supports students in articulating their ideas by using

rephrases what they said, positive feedback, a model of active listening, encourage additional participation, summarizing information. Then expand.

Strategies to foster engagement include

setting clear goals and lays out a clear path to achieve them, making the task seem valuable, personalizing the content of lessons to reflect students interests, needs or background, providing hands-on and interactive activities, such as lab experiment, creating learning activities based on phenomena that are suspenseful contradictory or unpredictable, providing opportunities for independent decision making, opportunities for social interaction.

Important communication skills include

speaking in an audible, clear, and pleasant tone, controlling volume and stress appropriately, proper, correct grammar in both spoken and written language, correct spelling and age-appropriate vocabulary and syntax in written communication, new terms use examples, model and visuals.

Factors that affect classroom communication

students age, gender, culture and ethnicity, linguistic background

effective listening helps teacher assess

students learning, identify causes or consequences of behavioral problems, offer social support and guidance when necessary, and guide students toward self- regulated behavior.

Setting limits.

they consistently impose consequences to help students behave in accordance with those rules and guidelines. Ideally, teachers communicate a sense of withitness through their words and actions—a sense that they are aware of what students are doing at all times—and take appropriate action if students step out of bounds.

when students are in engaged in learning..

they find their own motivation to complete tasks and meet their goals to the best of their ability.

what is the purpose of conflict resolution?

to teach students to communicate their thoughts and feelings clearly and negotiate differences in order to develop skills for getting along with others.

Antecedents

triggers

when do highly directive model models of classroom management occur?

when teacher direct students behavior and control them with the of external rewards or punishments.