Chapter 8
Job Enrichment
method of increasing job satisfaction by adding one or more motivating factors to job activities
Affect
A person's feelings toward something
Angry with her supervisor over a reprimand, Alisha deliberately pours her soft drink on a coworker's keyboard. This is an example of _________.
A counterproductive behavior
Attitudes
A persons beliefs and feelings about specific ideas, situations, or people
self-efficacy
A persons believe about his or her capabilities to perform a task
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)
A popular question near that some organizations used to assess personality types
Cyndi knows that her company expects her to come every day and preform tit be best of her ability. In return, Cyndi expects far pay, good benefits, and a safe and comfortable work environment. This is an example of___________.
A psychological contract
Need for affiliation
And individuals desire for human companionship
Need for achievement
And individuals desire to accomplish a goal or task as affectively as possible
Organizational commitment (job commitment)
And individuals identification with the organization and its mission
John will never question his boss's decision or let his boss know that he doesn't agree with them. Even if he feels he has a better solution or can help the department be more productive. John has a high degree of which of the following?
Authoritarianism
Dave knows he needs to lose weight to stay healthy, but he just can't resist those hot dogs from the gas station. He feels guilty every time he eats them, but can't seem to make himself stop. Which of the following is Dave experiencing?
Cognitive dissonance
The key concept in reinforcement/behavior modifications is that____________.
Consequences follow behavior
A psychological contract requires _________ on the past of the employee and __________ on the part of organization, although the terms of the contract are not always explicitly negotiated.
Contributors; inducements
Bill has missed work 5 times in the last month. Which of the following BEST describes Bill's absenteeism?
Counterproductive behavior
Job satisfaction (moral)
Degree of enjoyment that people derive from performing their jobs
As the Human Resources manager of an auto dealership, you have been put in charge of assessing the personalities of the sales staff to help them become more self-motivated, self-aware, empathic, and socially appropriate. Which type of assessment would be the BEST choice for this assignment?
Emotional intelligence
Josh has a lot of energy and always engages his coworkers. He is known as the "life of the party" and has never met a stranger. Which of the personality dimensions does Josh exhibit?
Extraversion
Myers-Briggs Framework
Extraversion (E) Versus Introversion (I) Sensing (S) Versus Intuition Thinking (T) Versus Feelings Judging (J) Versus Perceiving (P)
"Big Five" Personality Traits
Five fundamental personality traits especially relevant to organizations agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotionality, extroversion, openness
telecommuting/teleworking
Form of flextime that allows people to perform some or all of a job away from standard office settings
Social learning
Learning that occurs when people observe the behaviors of others, recognize their consequences, and alter their own behavior as a result
Masari doesn't believe that "luck happens." He is convinced that you make your own luck in life. The best description Masari's___________.
Locus of control
Which of the following describes the most frequent method of setting performance goals and motivate behavior?
Management by objective
Work Sharing (Job Sharing)
Method of increasing job at satisfaction by allowing two or more people to share a single full-time job
Flextime Programs
Method of increasing job satisfaction by allowing workers to adjust work schedules on a daily or weekly basis
Job redesign
Method of increasing job satisfaction by designing a more satisfactory fit between workers in their jobs
Participative Management and Empowerment
Method of increasing job satisfaction by giving employees a voice in the management of their jobs in the company
The set of forces that cause people to behave a certain ways known as_______.
Motivation
Brittney's employees enjoy working for her, mostly because she is willing to listen to their ideas and consider new ways of doing things. This often makes the team more efficient. Which of the following personality dimensions does Brittney demonstrate?
Openness
Melinda is known to be helpful to new employees who are learning their job. In addition, she is willing to stay late to help her coworkers when they are up against deadlines. Melinda is exhibiting which of the following?
Organizational citizenship
Intention
Part of an attitude that guides a persons behavior
As a salesman for Fantastic Pharmaceuticals, Mitch is expected to keep his current customers happy and find new customers who want to order his company's products. Which term BEST describes Fantastic Pharmaceuticals' expectation of Mitch?
Performance behavior
Which of the following BEST describes the work related behaviors expected of employees?
Performance behaviors
You have just discovered that one of you most effective, creative, and long-term team members is desperately unhappy in her work translating English product instructions into her native language, Spanish. In her spare time, she paints and has even shown her artwork in galleries. Her unhappiness is MOST LIKELY due to poor ________.
Person-job fit
________, if managed correctly by a company, is likely to result in higher performance and more positive attitudes from employees.
Person-job fit
Zow is enrolled in management program at the local university. Not only does her company pay for her classes, if she competes the program and earned her degree, she will receive a pay increase. This is an example of which of the following?
Positive reinforcement
Positive reinforcement
Reward that follows desired behaviors
Which theory of motivation states that workers solely by money?
Scientific management
Overall, Jonah feels good about himself. He knows he isn't without faults, but he believes he is a trustworthy, conscientious employee and a loving father. This reflects Jonah's __________.
Self— esteem
Psychological contract
Set of expectations held by an employee concerning what he or she will contribute to an organization (referred to as contributions) and what's the organization will in return for find the employee (referred to as inducements)
Management by Objectives (MBO)
Set of procedures involving both managers and subordinates in setting goals and and evaluating progress
Each of the following is an example of an employee contribution to the organization EXEPT_________
Status
Cognition
Technology person presumed to have about something
Hawthorne effect
Tendency for productivity to increase when workers believe they are receiving special attention from management
Becky has designed a training seminar to help employees better understand their levels of emotional intelligence. The goal of the seminar is to help employees improve their social skills, communication styles, and interaction preferences. Which of the following can Becky use to help employees asses personality traits in themselves and others?
The Myers-Briggs framework
Risky Propensity
The degree to which a person is willing to take chances and make risky decisions
Need for power
The desire to control one's environment, including financial, material, informational, and human resources
Authoritarianism
The extent to which a person believes that a power and status differences are appropriate within hierarchical or social systems such as organizations
Self-esteem
The extent to which a person believes that he or she is a worthwhile and deserving individual
locus of control
The extent to which people believe that their behavior has a real affect on what happens to them
Personality
The relatively stable set of psychological attributes that distinguish one person from another
Motivation
The second forces that cause people to behave in certain ways
George thinks that all his employees are lazy and the only way to get them to work is to either to reward them for good work or to punish them for poor work. George believes in which theory of motivation?
Theory X
Two-Factor Theory
Theory of motivation holding that job satisfaction depends on two factors, hygiene and motivation
Expectancy Theory
Theory of motivation holding that people are motivated to work toward rewards at the Y and they believe they have a reasonable chance of obtaining
Equity Theory
Theory of motivation holding that people evaluate their treatment by organization relative to the treatment of others
Theory X
Theory of motivational thing that people are naturally lazy and uncooperative
Punishment
Unpleasant consequences of a undesirable behavior
Machiavellianism
Used to describe behavior directed acting to power and controlling the behavior of others
Cognitive dissonance
When 2 sets of cognitions it perceptions are contradictory or incongruent
Turnover
annual percentage of an organization's workforce that leaves and must be replaced
Counterproductive Behaviors
behaviors that detract from organizational performance
People who need to seek approval from others, need to be reassured constantly. And are worried about others' feelings have a high level of which of the following?
need for affiliation
Gerry, the Engineering Manager for Magnificent Mustangs, used to have to several approvals for any expenses over $10,000. Most of the equipment and parts necessary for his department are well over this amount, and the purchasing process was very slow. Gerry and his agreed that Gerry should have more to say in how he manages his budget, so his boss agreed that Gerry can now approve expenditures up to $100,000. This is an example of which of the following?
participative management
Work related behaviors that directly contribute to productively and that an organization expects employees to display are known as____________.
performance behaviors
Organizational citizenship
positive behaviors that do not directly contribute to the bottom line
Alison was suspended without pay from her job as a customer service representative for cursing at a customer. According to reinforcement/ behavior modification, this is an example of _______.
punishment
According to Maslow's Hierarchy of Human Needs, an individual who seeks friendship, interaction with other people, and affection is looking to fulfill __________ needs.
social
Joan knows not to come in to her boss's meetings late because when her coworkers were late she had to witness her boss yelling at them. Joan has benefited from which of the following?
social learning
In running your bookkeeping business, you find it hard to keep good employees because the commute into the city can take as long as to hours each way. To reduce turnover, your BEST alternatives would be to offer ______ and _______.
telecommunicating; flextime
person-job fit
the extent to which a person's contributions and the organization's inducements match one another
Emotional Intelligence (Emotional Quotient, EQ)
the extent to which people are self-aware, can manage their emotions, can motivate themselves, express empathy for others, and possess social skills self-awareness, managing emotions, motivating oneself, empathy, social skills
Employee Behavior
the pattern of actions by the members of an organization that directly or indirectly influences the organization's effectiveness
An individual's beliefs about the exchange of effort for rewards in the workplace form the basis of__________.
the psychological contact
Performance Behaviors
the total set of work-related behaviors that the organization expects employees to display
Classical theory of motivation
theory holding that workers are motivated solely by money
Hierarchy of Human Needs Model
theory of motivation describing five levels of human needs and arguing that basic needs must be fulfilled before people work to satisfy higher-level needs self-actualization needs, esteem needs, social needs, security needs, physiological needs
Theory Y
theory of motivation holding that people are naturally energetic, growth-oriented, self-motivated, and interested in being protective
Absenteeism
when an employee doesn't show up for work
Joni and Scott co-teaching a third grade class at the elementary school. Joni teaches on Tuesdays and Thursdays; Scott teaches on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays. They share the position salary and benefits on a proportional basis. This best describes_________.
work sharing