Chapter 8

Job Enrichment

method of increasing job satisfaction by adding one or more motivating factors to job activities

Affect

A person's feelings toward something

Angry with her supervisor over a reprimand, Alisha deliberately pours her soft drink on a coworker's keyboard. This is an example of _________.

A counterproductive behavior

Attitudes

A persons beliefs and feelings about specific ideas, situations, or people

self-efficacy

A persons believe about his or her capabilities to perform a task

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)

A popular question near that some organizations used to assess personality types

Cyndi knows that her company expects her to come every day and preform tit be best of her ability. In return, Cyndi expects far pay, good benefits, and a safe and comfortable work environment. This is an example of___________.

A psychological contract

Need for affiliation

And individuals desire for human companionship

Need for achievement

And individuals desire to accomplish a goal or task as affectively as possible

Organizational commitment (job commitment)

And individuals identification with the organization and its mission

John will never question his boss's decision or let his boss know that he doesn't agree with them. Even if he feels he has a better solution or can help the department be more productive. John has a high degree of which of the following?

Authoritarianism

Dave knows he needs to lose weight to stay healthy, but he just can't resist those hot dogs from the gas station. He feels guilty every time he eats them, but can't seem to make himself stop. Which of the following is Dave experiencing?

Cognitive dissonance

The key concept in reinforcement/behavior modifications is that____________.

Consequences follow behavior

A psychological contract requires _________ on the past of the employee and __________ on the part of organization, although the terms of the contract are not always explicitly negotiated.

Contributors; inducements

Bill has missed work 5 times in the last month. Which of the following BEST describes Bill's absenteeism?

Counterproductive behavior

Job satisfaction (moral)

Degree of enjoyment that people derive from performing their jobs

As the Human Resources manager of an auto dealership, you have been put in charge of assessing the personalities of the sales staff to help them become more self-motivated, self-aware, empathic, and socially appropriate. Which type of assessment would be the BEST choice for this assignment?

Emotional intelligence

Josh has a lot of energy and always engages his coworkers. He is known as the "life of the party" and has never met a stranger. Which of the personality dimensions does Josh exhibit?

Extraversion

Myers-Briggs Framework

Extraversion (E) Versus Introversion (I) Sensing (S) Versus Intuition Thinking (T) Versus Feelings Judging (J) Versus Perceiving (P)

"Big Five" Personality Traits

Five fundamental personality traits especially relevant to organizations agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotionality, extroversion, openness

telecommuting/teleworking

Form of flextime that allows people to perform some or all of a job away from standard office settings

Social learning

Learning that occurs when people observe the behaviors of others, recognize their consequences, and alter their own behavior as a result

Masari doesn't believe that "luck happens." He is convinced that you make your own luck in life. The best description Masari's___________.

Locus of control

Which of the following describes the most frequent method of setting performance goals and motivate behavior?

Management by objective

Work Sharing (Job Sharing)

Method of increasing job at satisfaction by allowing two or more people to share a single full-time job

Flextime Programs

Method of increasing job satisfaction by allowing workers to adjust work schedules on a daily or weekly basis

Job redesign

Method of increasing job satisfaction by designing a more satisfactory fit between workers in their jobs

Participative Management and Empowerment

Method of increasing job satisfaction by giving employees a voice in the management of their jobs in the company

The set of forces that cause people to behave a certain ways known as_______.

Motivation

Brittney's employees enjoy working for her, mostly because she is willing to listen to their ideas and consider new ways of doing things. This often makes the team more efficient. Which of the following personality dimensions does Brittney demonstrate?

Openness

Melinda is known to be helpful to new employees who are learning their job. In addition, she is willing to stay late to help her coworkers when they are up against deadlines. Melinda is exhibiting which of the following?

Organizational citizenship

Intention

Part of an attitude that guides a persons behavior

As a salesman for Fantastic Pharmaceuticals, Mitch is expected to keep his current customers happy and find new customers who want to order his company's products. Which term BEST describes Fantastic Pharmaceuticals' expectation of Mitch?

Performance behavior

Which of the following BEST describes the work related behaviors expected of employees?

Performance behaviors

You have just discovered that one of you most effective, creative, and long-term team members is desperately unhappy in her work translating English product instructions into her native language, Spanish. In her spare time, she paints and has even shown her artwork in galleries. Her unhappiness is MOST LIKELY due to poor ________.

Person-job fit

________, if managed correctly by a company, is likely to result in higher performance and more positive attitudes from employees.

Person-job fit

Zow is enrolled in management program at the local university. Not only does her company pay for her classes, if she competes the program and earned her degree, she will receive a pay increase. This is an example of which of the following?

Positive reinforcement

Positive reinforcement

Reward that follows desired behaviors

Which theory of motivation states that workers solely by money?

Scientific management

Overall, Jonah feels good about himself. He knows he isn't without faults, but he believes he is a trustworthy, conscientious employee and a loving father. This reflects Jonah's __________.

Self— esteem

Psychological contract

Set of expectations held by an employee concerning what he or she will contribute to an organization (referred to as contributions) and what's the organization will in return for find the employee (referred to as inducements)

Management by Objectives (MBO)

Set of procedures involving both managers and subordinates in setting goals and and evaluating progress

Each of the following is an example of an employee contribution to the organization EXEPT_________

Status

Cognition

Technology person presumed to have about something

Hawthorne effect

Tendency for productivity to increase when workers believe they are receiving special attention from management

Becky has designed a training seminar to help employees better understand their levels of emotional intelligence. The goal of the seminar is to help employees improve their social skills, communication styles, and interaction preferences. Which of the following can Becky use to help employees asses personality traits in themselves and others?

The Myers-Briggs framework

Risky Propensity

The degree to which a person is willing to take chances and make risky decisions

Need for power

The desire to control one's environment, including financial, material, informational, and human resources

Authoritarianism

The extent to which a person believes that a power and status differences are appropriate within hierarchical or social systems such as organizations

Self-esteem

The extent to which a person believes that he or she is a worthwhile and deserving individual

locus of control

The extent to which people believe that their behavior has a real affect on what happens to them

Personality

The relatively stable set of psychological attributes that distinguish one person from another

Motivation

The second forces that cause people to behave in certain ways

George thinks that all his employees are lazy and the only way to get them to work is to either to reward them for good work or to punish them for poor work. George believes in which theory of motivation?

Theory X

Two-Factor Theory

Theory of motivation holding that job satisfaction depends on two factors, hygiene and motivation

Expectancy Theory

Theory of motivation holding that people are motivated to work toward rewards at the Y and they believe they have a reasonable chance of obtaining

Equity Theory

Theory of motivation holding that people evaluate their treatment by organization relative to the treatment of others

Theory X

Theory of motivational thing that people are naturally lazy and uncooperative

Punishment

Unpleasant consequences of a undesirable behavior

Machiavellianism

Used to describe behavior directed acting to power and controlling the behavior of others

Cognitive dissonance

When 2 sets of cognitions it perceptions are contradictory or incongruent

Turnover

annual percentage of an organization's workforce that leaves and must be replaced

Counterproductive Behaviors

behaviors that detract from organizational performance

People who need to seek approval from others, need to be reassured constantly. And are worried about others' feelings have a high level of which of the following?

need for affiliation

Gerry, the Engineering Manager for Magnificent Mustangs, used to have to several approvals for any expenses over $10,000. Most of the equipment and parts necessary for his department are well over this amount, and the purchasing process was very slow. Gerry and his agreed that Gerry should have more to say in how he manages his budget, so his boss agreed that Gerry can now approve expenditures up to $100,000. This is an example of which of the following?

participative management

Work related behaviors that directly contribute to productively and that an organization expects employees to display are known as____________.

performance behaviors

Organizational citizenship

positive behaviors that do not directly contribute to the bottom line

Alison was suspended without pay from her job as a customer service representative for cursing at a customer. According to reinforcement/ behavior modification, this is an example of _______.

punishment

According to Maslow's Hierarchy of Human Needs, an individual who seeks friendship, interaction with other people, and affection is looking to fulfill __________ needs.

social

Joan knows not to come in to her boss's meetings late because when her coworkers were late she had to witness her boss yelling at them. Joan has benefited from which of the following?

social learning

In running your bookkeeping business, you find it hard to keep good employees because the commute into the city can take as long as to hours each way. To reduce turnover, your BEST alternatives would be to offer ______ and _______.

telecommunicating; flextime

person-job fit

the extent to which a person's contributions and the organization's inducements match one another

Emotional Intelligence (Emotional Quotient, EQ)

the extent to which people are self-aware, can manage their emotions, can motivate themselves, express empathy for others, and possess social skills self-awareness, managing emotions, motivating oneself, empathy, social skills

Employee Behavior

the pattern of actions by the members of an organization that directly or indirectly influences the organization's effectiveness

An individual's beliefs about the exchange of effort for rewards in the workplace form the basis of__________.

the psychological contact

Performance Behaviors

the total set of work-related behaviors that the organization expects employees to display

Classical theory of motivation

theory holding that workers are motivated solely by money

Hierarchy of Human Needs Model

theory of motivation describing five levels of human needs and arguing that basic needs must be fulfilled before people work to satisfy higher-level needs self-actualization needs, esteem needs, social needs, security needs, physiological needs

Theory Y

theory of motivation holding that people are naturally energetic, growth-oriented, self-motivated, and interested in being protective

Absenteeism

when an employee doesn't show up for work

Joni and Scott co-teaching a third grade class at the elementary school. Joni teaches on Tuesdays and Thursdays; Scott teaches on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays. They share the position salary and benefits on a proportional basis. This best describes_________.

work sharing