Chapter 8 Biochemistry, Biochem Chapter 7, Biochem Book Test Bank Ch. 6, Biochem Book Test Bank Ch. 5, Biochem Book Test Bank Ch. 4, Biochem Book Test Bank Ch. 3, Biochem Book Test Bank Ch. 2, Biochem Book Test Bank Chapter 1, Extra BCH FINAL chapter...

In the majority of α-helixes, each peptide carbonyl is hydrogen bonded to the peptide N−H group ____ residues farther ____ the chain. a. 2, down b. 4, up c. 3, down d. 2, up e. 4, down

4, up

Planarity of the peptide bond means that no rotation occurs about the _____ bond while rotation is allowed about the____ and ____ bonds. a. C(O)-N; Cα-Cβ; N-Cα b. C(O)-N; Cα-C(O); N-Cα c. Cα-C(O); C(O)-N; N-Cα d. N-Cα; Cα-C(O); C(O)-N e. none of the above

C(O)-N; Cα-C(O); N-Cα

Which of the following sugars is an aldopentose? a. galactose b. ribulose c. ribose d. xylulose e. mannose

C. ribose

An electrostatic interaction might occur within a protein between which of the following amino acid pairs at typical physiological pH? a. Ser/Asn b. Asp/Glu c. Arg/Cys d. Lys/Asp e. Val/Ile

Lys/Asp

____ amino acids are almost never found in the interior of a protein, but the protein surface may consist of ____ amino acids. a. Nonpolar, both polar and nonpolar b. Nonpolar, mostly nonpolar c. Polar, both polar and nonpolar d. Polar, only polar e. Polar, only nonpolar

Polar, both polar and nonpolar

A hydrophobic interaction might occur within a protein between which of the following amino acid pairs? a. Ser/Ile b. Val/Leu c. Tyr/Cys d. Lys/Asn e. His/Val

Val/Leu

____ between tightly packed amino acid side chains in the interior of the protein are a major contribution to protein structure. a. Hydrogen bonds b. Electrostatic interactions c. Covalent ester bonds d. Van der Waals interactions e. All are true

Van der Waals interactions

Cellulose and chitin are similar in all of the following ways EXCEPT: a. Both are polymers of glucose. b. Both are structural polysaccharides. c. Both have extended ribbon conformations. d. Both have extensive hydrogen bonding. e. All are true.

a. Both are polymers of glucose.

As a result of mutarotation, D-glucose exists in all of the following forms EXCEPT: a. L-glucopyranose. b. β-anomer. c. free aldehyde. d. α-anomer. e. all are true.

a. L-glucopyranose.

Glycosaminoglycans are unbranched polysaccharides consisting of alternating residues of uronic acid and hexosamine. Which of the following is NOT a glycosaminoglycan? a. agaropectin b. heparin c. dermatan sulfate d. hyaluronate e. chondroitin-4-sulfate

a. agaropectin

Body fat is a major storage form of energy because it: a. aggregates in a highly anhydrous form (without additional water weight). b. yields about 17 kJ/g (4 cal/g) of energy. c. has low insulation properties. d. is highly hydrated and easy to metabolize. e. yields about 25 kJ/g (6 cal/g) of energy.

a. aggregates in a highly anhydrous form (without additional water weight).

Glycerolphospholipids are all EXCEPT: a. also called sphingolipids. b. essential components of cell membranes. c. made up of 1,2-diacylglycerol and a phosphate group. d. members of the phospholipids. e. all are true.

a. also called sphingolipids.

Which of the following represents an example of a proteoglycan? a. attachment of several molecules of heparin to the peptide antithrombin III b. attachment of a Gal-β(1,3)-GalNAc disaccharide to the fish antifreeze protein c. attachment of a small oligosaccharide to an immunoglobulin d. attachment of a small antigenic determinant to a membrane bound protein of a cell e. none of the above

a. attachment of several molecules of heparin to the peptide antithrombin III

All of the following are homodisaccharides EXCEPT: a. lactose. b. maltose. c. isomaltose. d. cellobiose. e. all are homodisaccharides.

a. lactose.

A fatty acid with eighteen carbons and one double bond could be designated all EXCEPT: a. linoleic acid. b. 18:1. c. cis-9-octadecenoic acid. d. oleic acid. e. elaidic acid

a. linoleic acid.

Glucose most commonly forms which of the following structures? a. a pyranose using the hydroxyl group on carbon 4 b. a pyranose using the hydroxyl group on carbon 5 c. a pyranose using the hydroxyl group on carbon 6 d. a furanose using the hydroxyl group on carbon 3 e. a furanose using the hydroxyl group on carbon 4

a. pyranose using the hydroxyl group on carbon 5

In plant cells, starch is hydrolyzed by _________________ to release _________________ and a starch molecule with ________________. a. starch phosphorylase; b. salivary α-amylase; c. starch phosphorylase; d. α(1→6) glucosidase; e. starch hydrolase;

a. starch phosphorylase; glucose-1-phosphate; one less glucose unit

All of the information necessary for folding the peptide chain into its "native" structure is contained in the ____ of the peptide. a. amino acid sequence b. amino acid composition c. configuration d. amino acid side chain charges e. all are true

amino acid sequence

Which of the following bonds would be cleaved by phospholipase C? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 e. none of the above

b. 2

____________ and _____________ are found in tendons, cartilage and other connective tissue. a. Heparin; chondroitins b. Chondroitins; keratin sulfate c. Keratin sulfate, dermatan sulfate d. Hyaluronate, keratin sulfate e. All are true.

b. Chondroitins; keratin sulfate

All are true for agarose EXCEPT: a. Forms a double helix with a central core large enough to accommodate large quantities of water. b. Consists of only a linear component. c. Is a chain of alternating D-galactose and 3,6-anhydro-L-galactose, with side-chains of 6-methyl-D-galactose. d. Readily forms gels that are up to 99.9% water. e. All are true.

b. Consists of only a linear component.

_____________ are important components of the vitreous humor of the eye and of synovial fluid that lubricates the joints. a. Heparin b. Hyaluronates c. Chondroitins d. Keratin sulfates e. All are true

b. Hyaluronates

_____________ and ____________ are glycosamines linked to three-carbon acids at the C-1 or C-3 positions, and components of the polysaccharides of cell higher organisms and bacterial cell walls. a. Glucosides; galactosides b. Muramic acid; neuraminic acid c. Gluconic acid; glucuronic acid d. Sorbitol; ribitol e. None of the above

b. Muramic acid; neuraminic acid

Platelet activating factor (PAF) has all of the characteristics EXCEPT: a. PAF is a potential mediator in inflammation, allergic responses and shock. b. PAF is a sphingolipid. c. PAF has a beneficial effect on toxic-shock syndrome. d. PAF is involved in implantation of the egg in the uterine wall. e. PAF stimulates production of fetal lung surfactant.

b. PAF is a sphingolipid.

Membranes with unsaturated fatty acids in their components are more flexible and fluid because: a. Unsaturated fatty acids pack closely together to form ordered arrays. b. Unsaturated fatty acids bend at the double bond preventing close packing. c. Saturated fatty acids have a "kink" that produces more fluid aggregates. d. Unsaturated fatty acids have cis double bonds that prevent formation of the "kink." e. All of the above are correct.

b. Unsaturated fatty acids bend at the double bond preventing close packing.

Which of the following best describes the following molecule? a. a monoterpene with a tail-to-tail linkage b. a monoterpene with a head-to-tail linkage c. a diterpene with a tail-to-tail linkage d. a diterpene with a head-to-tail linkage e. none of the above

b. a monoterpene with a head-to-tail linkage

In most cases, glycerol phosphatides have ____ fatty acid at position 1 and ____ fatty acid at position 2 of the glycerol. a. a saturated; a saturated b. a saturated; an unsaturated c. an unsaturated; a saturated d. an unsaturated; an unsaturated e. none are true.

b. a saturated; an unsaturated

Cellulose is extremely resistant to hydrolysis, but cellulase catalyzes the hydrolysis and comes from: a. the pancreas. b. bacteria that live in the rumen. c. the liver. d. H+ secreted into the rumen. e. the intestinal wall.

b. bacteria that live in the rumen.

Which of the following explains why the disaccharide sucrose is not a reducing sugar? a. the primary hydroxyl groups are oxidized to carboxylic acids b. both anomeric carbons are involved in formation of the glycosidic bond c. the glycosidic bond is in the α configuration d. it is composed of a furanose and a pyranose e. none of the above

b. both anomeric carbons are involved in formation of the glycosidic bond

Glycosphingolipids consist of a ____ with one or more ____ residues in a(n) ____ linkage at the 1-hydroxyl moiety. a. sugar; fatty acids; ester b. ceramide; sugar; β-glycosidic c. ceramide; fatty acid; amide d. glycerol; fatty acids; ester e. none are true

b. ceramide; sugar; β-glycosidic

Which of the following alcohols is correctly paired with the functional group that it contains? a. ethanolamine: secondary amine group b. choline: quaternary ammonium group c. inositol: aldehyde and alcohol groups d. glycerol: ether e. none of the above are correct

b. choline: quaternary ammonium group

Which of the following would be considered an ω-3 fatty acid? a. linoleic acid: 9,12-octadecadieneoic acid (18:2Δ9,12) b. eicosapentaenoic acid: 5,8,11,14,17-eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5Δ5,8,11,14,17) c. γ-linolenic acid: 6,9,12-octadecatrieneoic acid (18:3Δ6,9,12) d. arachidonic acid: 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid (20:4Δ5,8,11,14) e. none of the above

b. eicosapentaenoic acid: 5,8,11,14,17-eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5Δ5,8,11,14,17)

The cyclization of gluconic acid produces what type of structure? a. lactam b. lactone c. pyranose d. cyclic ether e. none of the above

b. lactone

A glycosidic bond would be present in: a. β-D-galactosamine. b. methyl-β-D-glucoside. c. 2-deoxy-α-D-ribose. d. β-D-glucose-6-phosphate. e. α-D-fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate.

b. methyl-β-D-glucoside.

Which of the following enzymes is responsible for the release of arachidonic acid from membrane phospholipids? a. phospholipase A1 b. phospholipase A2 c. phospholipase B d. phospholipase C e. phospholipase D

b. phospholipase A2

Which of the following lipids is correctly defined? a. triacylglycerol: formed from glycerol and 3 fatty acids, primary lipid of membranes b. phospholipid: contains glycerol with 2 fatty acids and a phosphate, very often forms bilayers c. wax: contains a fatty acid and alcohol, used primarily for energy storage d. cholesterol: the primary component of "saturated" fats e. palmitic acid: the most commonly produced unsaturated fatty acid in animals

b. phospholipid: contains glycerol with 2 fatty acids and a phosphate, very often forms bilayers

Cholesterol is a component of all EXCEPT: a. lipoproteins. b. plant cell plasma membranes. c. membranes of intracellular organelles. d. animal cell membranes. e. all are true.

b. plant cell plasma membranes.

Proteoglycans are a group of macromolecules formed from: a. proteases and monosaccharides. b. proteins and glycosaminoglycans. c. proteins and polysaccharides. d. proteases and glycosaminoglycans. e. proteins and glycogen.

b. proteins and glycosaminoglycans.

A cyclic hemiacetal with a six-membered oxygen-containing ring is referred to as a(n): a. aldehyde. b. pyranose. c. ketopentose. d. furanose. e. sorbitol.

b. pyranose

Although present in small amounts in most membranes, glycosphingolipids have a number of cellular functions EXCEPT: a. involvement in nerve impulse transmission. b. water-repellant properties of animal skin. c. tissue and organ specificity. d. cell-cell recognition. e. tissue immunity.

b. water-repellant properties of animal skin.

Lipids are the biomolecules of choice for storage of metabolic energy because they: a. are soluble in water. b. yield a large amount of energy upon oxidation. c. are highly oxidized. d. are easily hydrolyzed. e. are amphipathic.

b. yield a large amount of energy upon oxidation.

Cellulase is considered a ____________. a. α-(1→4) glucosidase b. β-(1→4) glucosidase c. α-(1→6) glucosidase d. β-(1→4) glucosidase e. α-(1→1) glucosidase

b. β-(1→4) glucosidase

All are true for cellulose and α-amylose EXCEPT: a. Both are linear homopolymers of glucose. b. Both have (1→4) linkages. c. Both form extended ribbon most stable conformations. d. Both have extensive intramolecular hydrogen bonding. e. All are true.

c. Both form extended ribbon most stable conformations.

All of the following statements about cyclic sugars are true EXCEPT: a. The α-anomer has the -OH of the anomeric carbon positioned on the opposite side of the sugar ring from the -CH2OH. b. The five and six membered rings are more frequently observed due to stability. c. In a chair conformation, the predominant form has the bulkiest substituents occupying axial positions. d. The carbonyl carbon becomes a chiral center. e. They can be formed by the intramolecular reactions to hemiacetals or hemiketals.

c. In a chair conformation, the predominant form has the bulkiest substituents occupying axial positions.

All of the following statements about the nature of glycogen are true EXCEPT: a. It is a polysaccharide used for storage. b. It is a branched polymer of linked glucose residues. c. It has all non-reducing ends. d. The highly branched structure allows the rapid mobilization of glucose during metabolic need. e. It is found primarily in the liver and skeletal muscles.

c. It has all non-reducing ends.

The terpenes are all EXCEPT: a. made up of isoprene monomers. b. formed from two or more 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene molecules. c. components of wool wax. d. monomers units linked head to tail. e. all are true.

c. components of wool wax.

All of the following are parts of the honeybee's processing of honey EXCEPT: a. producing a small amount of gluconic acid. b. concentrating the sugars to a supersaturated state. c. conversion of some glucose and fructose into sucrose. d. conversion of most of the fructose to the β-D-fructopyranose form. e. producing an emulsion of glucose hydrate and fructose hydrate crystals in a thick syrup.

c. conversion of some glucose and fructose into sucrose.

Honey is characteristically composed predominantly of: a. sucrose b. glucose and ribose c. fructose and glucose d. sucrose and sorbitol e. all of the above

c. fructose and glucose

Sugar alcohols include all of the following EXCEPT: a. ribitol. b. sorbitol. c. fucose. d. mannitol. e. glycerol.

c. fucose.

Mannose is an epimer of: a. ribose b. galactose c. glucose d. xylose. e. fructose.

c. glucose

Which of the following disaccharides contains an α (1 → 4) O-glycosidic bond? a. sucrose b. lactose c. maltose d. cellobiose e. cellulose

c. maltose

Which of the following statements is true regarding glycogen? a. the branches are formed by α(2→6) glycosidic bonds b. glycogen is the primary energy storage molecule for animals c. most of the glycosidic bonds are α(1→4) d. glycogen is considered a heteropolysaccharide e. none of the above are true

c. most of the glycosidic bonds are α(1→4)

Because osmotic pressure depends only on _____________, the osmotic pressure is greatly reduced by formation of polysaccharide molecules from monosaccharide molecules. a. molecular weight b. number of hydroxyl groups c. numbers of molecules d. numbers of hydrogen bonds e. none are true

c. numbers of molecules

Which of the following is correctly paired with its most prevalent cyclization product? a. fructose: pyranose b. glucose: furanose c. ribose: pyranose d. galactose: does not cyclize e. none of the above

c. ribose: pyranose

All of the following disaccharides are reducing sugars EXCEPT: a. lactose. b. maltose. c. sucrose. d. cellulose. e. isomaltose.

c. sucrose.

The structure is an example of a(n): a. diacylglycerol. b. triacylglycerol. c. wax ester. d. eicosanoid. e. monoacylglycerol.

c. wax ester.

Which of the following best describes the glycosidic bond below? a. β(2→4) b. α(1→3) c. α(1→4) d. β(1→3) e. α(2→4)

c. α(1→4)

The reaction below is catalyzed by: a. desmolase. b. 17α-hydroxylase. c. 17,20-lyase. d. 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. e. none of the above are true.

d. 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase.

Glucuronic acid is formed by oxidation of which carbon of glucose? a. C-1 b. C-2 c. C-4 d. C-6 e. both a and b

d. C-6

The enantiomer of D-mannose would be: a. D-galactose. b. L-glucose. c. D-glucose. d. L-mannose. e. L-arabinose.

d. L-mannose

Amylose and glycogen are both glucose polymers, yet they have somewhat different properties. What is one important difference between them? a. One is made with D-glucose b. One is used as a structural polymer in insects c. One contains α glycosidic bonds d. One is a linear polymer while the other is highly branched e. none of the above

d. One is a linear polymer while the other is highly branched

_____________ is typical of the oligosaccharide components found in beans, etc., that are not digested in the stomach, but are digested by bacteria in the intestines causing flatulence. a. Melezitose b. Amygdelin c. Laetrile d. Stachyose e. Dextrantriose

d. Stachyose

The formation of cyclic structures in sugars with creation of an additional asymmetric center results from an alcohol reacting with a(n): a. secondary alcohol. b. phosphate group. c. thiol group. d. aldehyde or ketone. e. primary alcohol.

d. aldehyde or ketone

All are plant steroids EXCEPT: a. campesterol. b. stigmasterol. c. β-sitosterol. d. cortisol. e. all are true.

d. cortisol.

Which of the following monosaccharides is an aldose? a. a b. b c. c d. d e. none of the above

d. d

Which of the following would be the correct Haworth projection for β-D-talose (linear form is shown on the left)? a. a b. b c. c d. d e. none of the above

d. d

Which of the following steroid hormones is NOT correctly defined? a. testosterone: an androgen involved in male sexual development b. progesterone: a progestin that controls the menstrual cycle. c. cortisol: a glucocorticoid that controls nutrient metabolism d. estradiol: a progestin involved in female sexual development e. all are correctly defined

d. estradiol: a progestin involved in female sexual development

The steroid hormones that participate in the control of carbohydrate, protein and lipid metabolism are the: a. progestins. b. mineralocorticoids. c. estrogens. d. glucocorticoids. e. androgens.

d. glucocorticoids.

Cellulose is a homopolysaccharide composed of ______ linked together by ______ glycosidic bonds. a. galactose; β-(1→4) b. galactose; α-(1→4) c. glucose; β-(1→4) d. glucose; α-(1→4) e. none of the above

d. glucose; α-(1→4)

Plant sterols are: a. so similar to cholesterol that they undergo the same physiology and metabolism. b. different isomers of cholesterol at the double bond location only. c. to be avoided in your diet because they elevate blood cholesterol levels. d. highly effective in blocking the absorption of cholesterol by intestinal cells. e. none are true.

d. highly effective in blocking the absorption of cholesterol by intestinal cells.

Mucopolysaccharides such as ______________ form protective coats on animal cells. a. chitin b. cellulose c. glycogen d. hyaluronic acids e. glucuronic acids

d. hyaluronic acids

Dietary essential fatty acids for humans include a. γ-linolenic and oleic acids. b. oleic and linoleic acids. c. palmitic and oleic acids. d. linoleic and γ-linolenic acids. e. all are true.

d. linoleic and γ-linolenic acids.

Diets aimed at reducing coronary heart disease should be: a. low in trans-fatty acids and high in saturated fatty acids. b. high in trans-fatty acids and high in saturated fatty acids. c. high in trans-fatty acids and low in saturated fatty acids. d. low in trans-fatty acids and low in saturated fatty acids. e. low in trans-fatty acids and low in unsaturated fatty acids.

d. low in trans-fatty acids and low in saturated fatty acids.

Certain phospholipids, including ____ and ____, participate in complex cellular signaling events. a. phosphatidylcholine; phosphatidylserine b. phosphatidylserine; phosphatidylalanine c. phosphatidylcholine; phosphatidylglycerol d. phosphatidylinositol; phosphatidylcholine e. phosphatidylethanolamine; phosphatidylserine

d. phosphatidylinositol; phosphatidylcholine

Alkali hydrolysis of triacylglycerols is called ____ and yields ____ and ____. a. triacylation; fatty acids; glycerol b. saponification; fatty alcohols; fatty acids c. triesteration; salts of fatty acids, fatty alcohols d. saponification; salts of fatty acids; glycerol e. none are true

d. saponification; salts of fatty acids; glycerol

Of the following fatty acids, which would have physical and physiological properties most similar to elaidic acid, pictured below? a. oleic acid (18:1Δ9) b. lauric acid (12:0) c. linoleic acid (18:2Δ9,12) d. stearic acid (18:0) e. arachidonic acid (20:4Δ5,8,11,14)

d. stearic acid (18:0)

Of the following, which would contain the largest amount of fatty acids with trans double bonds? a. the fatty acid on carbon #1 of the glycerol of phosphatidylcholine b. butter c. canola oil d. the 2 lb, 99 cent package of cookies containing partially hydrogenated cottonseed and/or soybean oil that you consumed with 3 (or more) cups of coffee while studying last night (or early this morning) e. none of the above would have very much trans-double bond containing fatty acids

d. the 2 lb, 99 cent package of cookies containing partially hydrogenated cottonseed and/or soybean oil that you consumed with 3 (or more) cups of coffee while studying last night (or early this morning)

β-D-glucopyranose in the chair form is the most widely occurring form of glucose in nature and it has the following characteristics EXCEPT: a. forms a six-membered ring. b. carbon 6 is above the plane of the chair. c. all of the -OH groups are equatorial. d. the anomeric carbon has a hydroxyl that is below the plane of the chair. e. all axial positions are occupied by -H.

d. the anomeric carbon has a hydroxyl that is below the plane of the chair.

Cooked starch is more digestible because: a. it is partially b. the amylopectin c. the enzymes that hydrolyze not active d. the starch granules take up water e. all are true.

d. the starch granules take up water, swell and are more accessible to the enzymes.

The enzymes α-amylase and β-amylase can cleave the ____ bonds of amylopectin but not the ____ bonds. a. α (1→6)-; α (1→4)- b. β (1→6)-; β (1→4)- c. α (1→4)-; β (1→4)- d. α (1→4)-; α (1→6)- e. α (1→6)-; β (1→4)-

d. α (1→4)-; α (1→6)-

If carbon 1 is the carbonyl group of an aldohexose, which carbon determines if the sugar is a D- or L- stereoisomer? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 e. 5

e. 5

All are true statements about dextrans EXCEPT: a. They are used in research laboratories as a support for column chromatography (Sephadex or BioGel). b. They are repeating units of isomaltose. c. The branches may be 1→2, 1→3 or 1→4 in various species. d. They are an important component of dental plaque. e. All are true.

e. All are true.

Carbohydrate characteristic chemical features include all EXCEPT: a. the potential to form multiple hydrogen bonds. b. the existence of one or more asymmetric centers. c. the capacity to form polymeric structures. d. the ability to exist in either linear or ring structures. e. all are true.

e. All are true.

All of the statements about the following pairs of sugars are correct EXCEPT: a. Galactose and mannose are diastereomers. b. L-galactose and D-galactose are enatiomers. c. Glyceraldehyde and dihydroxyacetone are stereoisomers. d. Glucose and mannose are epimers. e. Glucose has fewer chiral centers than fructose

e. Glucose has fewer chiral centers than fructose

_________________ is an enzyme found in liver and muscle tissue used to catalyze the hydrolysis of glycogen to ______________________. a. β (1→6)-Glucosidase; glucose-1-phosphate b. α-Amylase; glucose-1-phosphate c. β-Amylase; glucose d. Glycogen maltase; maltose e. Glycogen phosphorylase; glucose-1-phosphate

e. Glycogen phosphorylase; glucose-1-phosphate

Which of the following statements about cellulose fiber is true? a. It is a linear polymer b. Easily hydrolysis. c. It is water-soluble. d. It is made up of microfibrils. e. Intermolecular hydrogen bonds play a major role in stabilization of the microfibrils.

e. Intermolecular hydrogen bonds play a major role in stabilization of the microfibrils.

Fatty acids are all EXCEPT: a. either saturated or unsaturated. b. found seldom in free form. c. mostly found with an even number of carbons. d. found in linear, branched and cyclic forms. e. all are true.

e. all are true.

All of the following are terpenes EXCEPT: a. squalene. b. α-tocopherol (vitamin E). c. coenzyme Q (UQ). d. limonene. e. cetyl palmitate (spermaceti).

e. cetyl palmitate (spermaceti).

Individuals with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus may have __________ levels of blood ___________ so they test their blood for ________________. a. elevated; fructose; gluconic acid b. depressed; glucose; oxidizing sugars c. elevated; glucose; fructose d. depressed; gluconic acid; reducing sugars e. elevated; glucose; reducing sugars

e. elevated; glucose; reducing sugars

The core protein of a proteoglycan is noncovalently attached to: a. oligosaccharides. b. glycosaminoglycans. c. keratin sulfate. d. an outer protein. e. hyaluronic acid backbone.

e. hyaluronic acid backbone.

Cartilage-matrix proteoglycan has all of the following properties EXCEPT: a. responsible for the flexibility and resiliency of cartilage. b. has a hyaluronic acid binding domain. c. has reversible hydration-dehydration properties. d. contains both N-linked and O-linked oligosaccharides. e. is an integral transmembrane protein.

e. is an integral transmembrane protein.

Alpha helices are stabilized primarily by: a. hydrogen bonds between the main chain peptide bond component atoms. b. electrostatic interactions between R-groups. c. hydrophobic interactions between the α-carbons of the main chain. d. hydrogen bonding between the R-groups. e. hydrophobic interactions between R-groups and the solvent water.

hydrogen bonds between the main chain peptide bond component atoms.

Secondary and higher orders of structure are determined by all EXCEPT: a. hydrophobic interactions. b. ionic bonds. c. van der Waals forces. d. hydrogen bonds. e. peptide bonds.

peptide bonds.

Amino acid sequence is: a. primary structure. b. secondary structure. c. tertiary structure. d. quaternary structure. e. regular structure.

primary structure.

A constituent of the flavin coenzymes is: a. sorbitol b. mannitol c. xylitol d. ribitol e. glycerol

ribitol

Electrostatic interactions among amino acid residues on proteins may be damped out by high concentrations of: a. water. b. organic solvents. c. salts. d. heat. e. all of the above.

salts.

Amino acid side chains capable of forming hydrogen bonds are usually located on the protein ____ and form hydrogen bonds primarily with the ____. a. surface, water solvent b. interior, water solvent c. surface, other amino acid side chains d. interior, other amino acid side chains e. all are true

surface, water solvent

A Ramachandran plot shows: a. the amino acid residues which have the greatest degree of rotational freedom. b. the sterically allowed rotational angles between R groups and α-carbons in a peptide. c. the sterically allowed rotational angles between Cα and the amide nitrogen (Cα−N) as well as between Cα and the amide carbonyl carbon (Cα−CO). d. the sterically allowed rotational angles about the amide nitrogen (NH) and CO. e. the amino acid residues that form α-helix, β-sheet, etc.

the sterically allowed rotational angles between Cα and the amide nitrogen (Cα−N) as well as between Cα and the amide carbonyl carbon (Cα−CO).

If an aspartic acid residue were present in the interior of a globular protein, it would most likely be _________. a. deprotonated and thus negatively charged b. tightly associated with the R-group of a lysine residue c. react with a cysteine to form a thioester d. react with a serine to form an ester e. none of the above

tightly associated with the R-group of a lysine residue

"Blood sugar" in hemolymph of insects is __________ represented as _____________.

trehalose; GlcααGlc