Chapter 8: Biologic Foundations of Psychiatric Nursing

The bodys first line of neurological defense against stressors involves what?

Autonomic nervous system

Two nursing students are giving a presentation on the limbic system. Which can they accurately include as actions of this brain structure?

Behavior

A client is having difficulty standing without assistance and is exhibiting swaying. The client has a history of falls. Which area of the brain is most likely affected?

Cerebellum

The client has difficulty with motor coordination and walks with an unsteady gait. Of the following brain structures, which is most likely affected in the clients brain?

Cerebellum

The nurse is caring for a mental health client who has developed difficulty with balance and muscle tone after a car accident that involved a head injury. Based on this information, what area of the brain was most likely injured in the accident?

Cerebellum

What part of the brain would be responsible for activities such as walking and dancing?

Cerebellum

A client is experiencing acute leading to the stimulation of increased gastric acid. In this situation, which body system uses acetylcholine as a neurotransmitter?

Cholinergic

The client has seasonal affective disorder (SAD), in which depression parallels the shortening of the days during fall and winter. Which is most likely affected in this client?

Circadian Rhythm

What is the primary role of neurotransitters?

Communicate information from one cell or cell group to another

A professional boxer has suffered several concussions while boxing. Since retirement, the client has experienced periods of depression and suffers from short-term memory loss. Which provides the best explanation for the neurological basis of the clients symptoms?

Damage to the hippocampus

A client with parkinsins disease is hospitalized on a medical unit. The nurse would be correct in identifying which neurotransmitter decreased in this desease?

Dopamine

A nurse teaching a client about the underlying research-supported causes of mental illnesses. which aspect would the client identify as the likely underlying cause of most psychiatric disorders?

Dysfunctional neurocircuitry

In which way do neurons communicate through the use of synapses?

Electrochemically

A client with a history of traumatic brain injury is admitted for personality changes and labile mood. Upon assessment, the client has difficulty with problem solving and impaired working memory. The nurse identifies that which part of the brain was affected by the previous injury?

Frontal lobe

A decrease in which neurotranmitter has been implicated in seizure disorders?

GABA

The client cannot remember anything before an accident yesterday. Which brain structure might be injured?

Hippocampus

The nurse prepares educational material for a client who is newly diagnosed with Alzheimer disease. Which structure of the limbic system should the nurse focus the teaching materials?

Hippocampus

A client in the operating room goes inti malignant hyperthermia due to an abnormal reaction to the anesthetic. The nurse knows that the area of the brain that regulates the body temperature is what?

Hypothalamus

A client taking an antipsychotic is exhibiting manifestations of neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS). Which area of the brain is involved with the increased temperature noted with NMS?

Hypothalamus

The nurse provides care to a client who is diagnosed with bipolar disorder. The client reports fatigue, being sensitive to cold, constipation, and weight gain. When applying concepts associated with psychoneuroimmunology, which disorder should the nurse include in this clients plan of care?

Hypothyroidism

The anatomy instructor is discussing the central nervous system. A student asks where the cerebral cortex is located? what is the best answer?

It is located on the surface of the cerebrum

A nurse is formulating a teaching plan for a client with newly diagnosed depression and the clients family. The teaching plan includes medication, activities, and family support. Which statement made by the client indicated teaching is effective?

It may take a few weeks for the medication to become effective: activity will help foster compliance

The nurse is working with a client that has not been diagnosed yet. The client is aggressive, unable to control anger, and violent at times. The client was brought to the emergency department by local police. The nurse selects what system as the etiology for the clients behavior? Classify the symptoms according to origin of the body.

Limbic System

The hypothalamus affects the body primarily though what action?

Maintaining homeostasis

The brain stem consists of which structure?

Midbrain

A clients medication history reveals the use of a medication that blocks the action of histamine. When assessing the client, which side effect would the nurse most likely assess?

Sedation

The nurse is performing a medication reconciliation for a client at a high risk for suicide. which antidepressant drug identified by the nurse would be the best in the treatment of this client and reduces the risk of lethal overdose?

Sertraline

A client admitted for depression and anxiety is being assessed fir thyroid abnormalities. The client asks why they need to get their thyroid checked. Which statement made by the nurse would indicate accurate teaching?

Some psychiatric conditions have been associated with thyroid dysfunction.

A college student wakes up and notices a racing heart and dilated pupils. the student is scheduled to write an exam later that morning. Which system is responsible for this physiological response?

Sympathetic nervous system

A client is seen for frequent exacerbation of schizophrenia due to nonadherence to medication regimen. The nurse will assess for which common contributor to nonadherence?

The client dislikes the weight gain associated with the antipsychotic therapy

A client is newly prescribed a medication that will block the effects of histamine postsynaptically for the treatment of a mental health disorder. The client asks, "what side effects should i anticipate with this new medication?" Which response is accurate?

You should expect to feel drowsy