Chapter 8 Example Questions

Dual innervation refers to an organ receiving A) two nerves from the spinal cord. B) both autonomic and somatic motor nerves. C) both sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves. D) nerves from both the brain and the spinal cord. E) both preganglionic and postganglionic innervation.

C) both sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves.

Which of the following is abnormal in the adult? A) plantar reflex B) Babinski sign C) withdrawal reflex D) flexor reflex E) knee-jerk reflex

B) Babinski sign

Motor innervation of the muscles of facial expression is transmitted through which cranial nerve? A) VI B) VII C) XI D) V E) X

B) VII

Which of the following is a descending pathway of the spinal cord? A) posterior column B) spinothalamic C) corticospinal D) spinocerebellar E) proprioceptive

C) corticospinal

Which neuroglial cells produce CSF in some regions of the brain? A) microglia B) Schwann cells C) ependymal cells D) oligodendrocytes E) astrocytes

C) ependymal cells

The area anterior to the central sulcus is the A) parietal lobe. B) temporal lobe. C) frontal lobe. D) occipital lobe. E) postcentral gyrus.

C) frontal lobe.

Enlargements of the spinal cord occur A) near the posterior median sulcus. B) adjacent to the anterior median fissure. C) in the cervical and lumbar regions. D) in the thoracic region of the spinal cord. E) in the cervical and thoracic regions

C) in the cervical and lumbar regions.

Which of the following are responsible for reciprocal inhibition? A) sensory neurons B) motor neurons C) interneurons in the spinal cord D) extensor neurons E) exteroceptors

C) interneurons in the spinal cord

The flexor reflex A) prevents a muscle from overstretching. B) prevents a muscle from generating damaging tension. C) is a withdrawal reflex. D) makes adjustments in other parts of the body in response to a particular stimulus. E) is an example of a monosynaptic reflex.

C) is a withdrawal reflex.

Match the cranial nerve in the first column with its structure(s) of innervation in the second column. _____ 1. oculomotor _____ 2. trigeminal _____ 3. hypoglossal _____ 4. vagus _____ 5. vestibulocochlear A. 3 out of 4 rectus muscles of the eye B. tongue muscles C. teeth, muscles of mastication D. ear E. thoracic and abdominal organs

1-A, 2-C, 3-B, 4-E, 5-D

Which of the following is the most sensitive body region? A) chest B) face C) feet D) back E) legs

B) face

Stimulation of the reticular formation results in A) sleep. B) increased attention. C) coma. D) decreased cerebral function. E) reduced body temperature.

B) increased attention.

Effects produced by the parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system include A) dilation of the pupils. B) increased secretion by digestive glands. C) dilation of respiratory passages. D) increased heart rate. E) increased tissue metabolism.

B) increased secretion by digestive glands.

The spinal pathway(s) that carries/carry highly localized sensory information concerning fine touch and pressure is/are the A) spinocerebellar pathway. B) posterior column. C) corticospinal pathway. D) medial and lateral pathways. E) spinothalamic pathway.

B) posterior column.

Voluntary control of skeletal muscles is provided by the A) posterior column. B) medial pathway. C) spinothalamic pathway. D) corticospinal pathway. E) medullary centers.

D) corticospinal pathway.

The spinal pathway(s) that carries/carry information regulating skeletal muscle tone is/are the A) posterior column. B) spinothalamic pathway. C) corticospinal pathway. D) medial and lateral pathways. E) spinocerebellar pathway.

D) medial and lateral pathways.

Which pathway provides subconscious, involuntary control of muscle tone and movements of the neck, trunk, and limbs? A) spinothalamic B) spinocerebellar C) homuncular D) medial pathway E) posterior column

D) medial pathway

Small phagocytic glial cells, which are derived from white blood cells, are called A) astrocytes. B) Schwann cells. C) oligodendrocytes. D) microglia. E) ependymal cells.

D) microglia.

Most neurons in the brain are A) bipolar. B) unipolar. C) anaxonic. D) multipolar. E) tripolar.

D) multipolar.

The area of sensory cortex devoted to a body region is relative to the A) size of the body region. B) distance of the body region from the brain. C) number of motor units in the region of the body. D) number of sensory receptors in the region of the body. E) size of the nerves that serve the region of the body.

D) number of sensory receptors in the region of the body.

The visual cortex is located in the A) frontal lobe. B) parietal lobe. C) temporal lobe. D) occipital lobe. E) cerebellum.

D) occipital lobe.

The only cranial nerve that is attached to the cerebrum is the A) optic. B) oculomotor. C) trochlear. D) olfactory. E) vestibulocochlear.

D) olfactory.

When a neuron is at rest, which ion passes through its membrane most easily? A) sodium B) chloride C) sulfate D) potassium E) proteins

D) potassium

Preganglionic fibers of parasympathetic neurons can be found in which cranial nerves? A) III, VII, VIII, IX B) VII, VIII, IX, X C) IX, X, XI, XII D) X, XI, XII E) III, VII, IX, X

E) III, VII, IX, X

The ________ division of the nervous system brings sensory information to the central nervous system. A) afferent B) descending C) efferent D) motor E) spinal

A) afferent

Interneurons A) are found only in the central nervous system. B) carry only sensory impulses. C) carry only motor impulses. D) only connect motor neurons to other motor neurons. E) are found between neurons and their effectors.

A) are found only in the central nervous system.

The glial cells responsible for maintaining the blood-brain barrier are the A) astrocytes. B) Schwann cells. C) microglia. D) ependymal cells. E) satellite cells.

A) astrocytes.

The largest and most numerous of the glial cells in the central nervous system are the A) astrocytes. B) Schwann cells. C) oligodendrocytes. D) microglia. E) ependymal cells.

A) astrocytes.

The midbrain has a slender CSF-filled canal known as the ________. A) cerebral aqueduct B) lateral ventricle C) medulla oblongata D) fourth ventricle E) third ventricle

A) cerebral aqueduct

The phrenic nerves arise from the A) cervical plexus. B) thoracic plexus. C) lumbar plexus. D) sacral plexus. E) brain.

A) cervical plexus.

Opening of voltage-gated sodium channels in the membrane of a neuron results in A) depolarization. B) repolarization. C) hyperpolarization. D) increased negative charge inside the membrane. E) myelination.

A) depolarization.

Another name for the patellar reflex is the A) knee-jerk reflex. B) spinal short reflex. C) dorsiflexion reflex. D) long spinal reflex. E) ankle-jerk reflex.

A) knee-jerk reflex.

The two cerebral hemispheres are separated by the A) longitudinal fissure. B) central sulcus. C) lateral sulcus. D) frontal lobe. E) postcentral sulcus.

A) longitudinal fissure.

The processing of olfactory sensations and reflex movements associated with eating occurs in the A) mammillary bodies. B) basal ganglia. C) inferior colliculi. D) hippocampus. E) superior colliculi.

A) mammillary bodies.

Major centers concerned with autonomic function, such as heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration is the A) medulla oblongata. B) pons. C) midbrain. D) diencephalon. E) cerebellum.

A) medulla oblongata.

The visual cortex of the cerebrum is located in the ________. A) occipital lobe B) postcentral gyrus C) hippocampus D) parietal lobe E) thalamus

A) occipital lobe

The ________ is the layer of the meninges that is in direct contact with the surface of the brain. A) pia mater B) subarachnoid space C) dura mater D) epidural space E) arachnoid

A) pia mater

The surface of the postcentral gyrus contains the A) primary sensory cortex. B) primary motor cortex. C) visual cortex. D) olfactory cortex. E) auditory cortex.

A) primary sensory cortex.

The posterior horns of the spinal cord contain A) sensory nuclei. B) somatic motor nuclei. C) autonomic motor nuclei. D) nerve tracts. E) visceral motor axons.

A) sensory nuclei.

Spinal nerves from the brachial plexus innervate the A) shoulder girdle and upper limb. B) chest muscles. C) abdominal muscles. D) leg muscles. E) diaphragm.

A) shoulder girdle and upper limb.

Which structure(s) control(s) the reflex movements of the eyes, head, and neck in response to visual stimuli? A) superior colliculi B) hypothalamus C) inferior colliculi D) medulla oblongata E) hippocampus

A) superior colliculi

Identify the correct sequence of steps in the generation of an action potential. 1. Activation of sodium channels and rapid depolarization 2. Inactivation of sodium channels and activation of potassium channels 3. Depolarization to threshold 4. Closing of potassium channels A) 1, 3, 4, 2 B) 3, 1, 2, 4 C) 4, 3, 2, 1 D) 1, 3, 2, 4 E) 3, 1, 4, 2

B) 3, 1, 2, 4

The part of the peripheral nervous system that brings information to the central nervous system is the A) motor division. B) afferent division. C) efferent division. D) autonomic division. E) somatic division.

B) afferent division.

The all-or-none principle states that A) all stimuli will produce identical action potentials. B) all stimuli great enough to bring the membrane to threshold will produce identical action potentials. C) the greater the magnitude of the stimuli, the greater the intensity of the action potential. D) only sensory stimuli can activate action potentials. E) only motor stimuli can activate action potentials.

B) all stimuli great enough to bring the membrane to threshold will produce identical action potentials.

Muscle spindles A) are found in cardiac muscle. B) are bundles of small, specialized skeletal muscle fibers. C) are controlled through the cranial nerves. D) are found mainly in smooth muscle. E) are not involved in stretch reflexes.

B) are bundles of small, specialized skeletal muscle fibers.

The ________ nervous system provides involuntary regulation of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glandular activity. A) central B) autonomic C) somatic D) collateral E) ganglionic

B) autonomic

Which structure functions in the subconscious control of muscle tone and the coordination of learned movement patterns? A) reticular formation B) basal nuclei C) hypothalamus D) thalamus E) hippocampus

B) basal nuclei

The part of the CNS that adjusts voluntary and involuntary motor activities on the basis of sensory information and stored memory of previous movements is the A) medulla oblongata. B) cerebellum. C) midbrain. D) diencephalon. E) thalamus.

B) cerebellum.

Changes in the membrane potential that cannot spread far from the site of stimulation are called ________. A) threshold B) graded potentials C) refractories D) hyperpolarizations E) action potentials

B) graded potentials

The projections of gray matter extending through the white matter toward the outer surface of the spinal cord are called A) wings. B) horns. C) pyramids. D) fibers. E) tracts.

B) horns.

A stimulus that opens gated potassium ion channels, taking the membrane potential away from 0 mV, results in which of the following? A) repolarization B) hyperpolarization C) depolarization D) refraction E) summation

B) hyperpolarization

In general, the nervous system A) controls only conscious activities. B) is fast acting. C) is long lasting. D) responds to changes in the external environment only. E) is one of the simplest organ systems.

B) is fast acting.

The ________ establishes emotional states. A) basal nuclei B) limbic system C) cerebellum D) midbrain E) pons

B) limbic system

If Broca's area is damaged, what might result? A) loss of sensation B) loss of the ability to speak C) loss of upper limb control D) loss of memory E) mental retardation

B) loss of the ability to speak

Adrenergic synapses release the neurotransmitter A) acetylcholine. B) norepinephrine. C) dopamine. D) serotonin. E) GABA.

B) norepinephrine.

The primary motor cortex of the cerebrum is located in the ________. A) cerebellum B) precentral gyrus C) pons D) lateral sulcus E) postcentral gyrus

B) precentral gyrus

The cortex inferior to the lateral sulcus is the A) parietal lobe. B) temporal lobe. C) frontal lobe. D) occipital lobe. E) cerebellar lobe.

B) temporal lobe.

Head injuries that damage cerebral blood vessels are serious conditions because A) they could cause severe pain. B) these spaces compress and distort the relatively soft tissues of the brain. C) epicardial tissue will be affected. D) the venous sinus will not drain. E) pathways will be blocked.

B) these spaces compress and distort the relatively soft tissues of the brain.

Most neurons lack centrioles. This observation explains A) why neurons grow such long axons. B) why such neurons cannot divide through mitosis. C) the conducting ability of neurons. D) the ability of neurons to communicate with each other. E) the longevity of neurons.

B) why such neurons cannot divide through mitosis.

The resting potential of a neuron is ________. A) 0 mV B) +10 mV C) -70 mV D) -10 mV E) + 70 mV

C) -70 mV

Regions of the brain that are involved in interpreting data or coordinating motor responses are A) commissural areas. B) sensory areas. C) association areas. D) motor areas. E) processing areas.

C) association areas.

Neurons that have one axon and one dendrite with the soma between them are called A) polypolar. B) unipolar. C) bipolar. D) tripolar. E) multipolar.

C) bipolar.

Which ion is needed to trigger the release of acetylcholine, via exocytosis, into the synaptic cleft? A) sodium B) potassium C) calcium D) chloride E) zinc

C) calcium

The brain and spinal cord comprise the A) autonomic nervous system. B) peripheral nervous system. C) central nervous system. D) efferent nervous system. E) afferent nervous system.

C) central nervous system.

The automatic processing center responsible for programming and fine-tuning movements controlled at the conscious and subconscious levels is the A) cerebrum. B) midbrain. C) cerebellum. D) pons. E) medulla.

C) cerebellum.

Branches that sometimes occur along the length of an axon are called A) action potentials. B) synaptic knobs. C) collaterals. D) hillocks. E) synapse.

C) collaterals.

The specific region of the body monitored by each pair of spinal nerves is known as a A) somite. B) microtome. C) dermatome. D) sensory unit. E) motor unit.

C) dermatome.

The ________ acts as a switching and relay center for integration of conscious and unconscious sensory information and motor commands. A) cerebellum B) midbrain C) diencephalon D) pons E) medulla

C) diencephalon

Saltatory conduction A) occurs only if the myelin sheath is continuous. B) occurs only if nodes of Ranvier are lacking. C) is faster than conduction on an unmyelinated axon. D) is slower that conduction on an unmyelinated axon. E) occurs at the synapse.

C) is faster than conduction on an unmyelinated axon.

During continuous conduction, A) action potentials move in all directions along an axon. B) action potentials occur at successive nodes along the length of the stimulated axon. C) local currents depolarize adjacent areas of membrane so that action potentials continue to form along the membrane. D) action potentials produce a local current that is strong enough to spread along the length of the axon. E) local potentials produce a continuous outward flow of potassium ions.

C) local currents depolarize adjacent areas of membrane so that action potentials continue to form along the membrane.

Which of the following pairs is not properly matched? A) cervical spinal nerves: 8 B) thoracic spinal nerves: 12 C) lumbar spinal nerves: 4 D) sacral spinal nerves: 5 E) coccygeal spinal nerves: 1

C) lumbar spinal nerves: 4

The myelin sheaths that surround the axons of some of the neurons in the CNS are formed by A) astrocytes. B) Schwann cells. C) oligodendrocytes. D) microglia. E) ependymal cells.

C) oligodendrocytes.

Which nerve from the brachial plexus innervates the extensor muscles of the arm and forearm? A) ulnar B) musculocutaneous C) radial D) median E) axillary

C) radial

The specialized membranes that protect the spinal cord are termed A) cranial meninges. B) cranial mater. C) spinal meninges. D) spinal mater. E) epidural membranes.

C) spinal meninges.

Which spinal cord structure(s) contains the axons of CNS motor neurons that control muscles and glands? A) anterior gray commissure B) white column C) ventral roots D) dorsal roots E) ventral horns

C) ventral roots

Pulling away from a painful stimulus is an example of a(n) ________ reflex. A) cross-extensor B) pupillary C) withdrawal D) knee-jerk E) ankle-jerk

C) withdrawal

The entire spinal cord is divided into ________ segments. A) 5 B) 12 C) 25 D) 31 E) 35

D) 31

________ refers to the loss of memory from disease or trauma. A) Hemiaplasia B) Aphasia C) Dyslexia D) Amnesia E) Apraxia

D) Amnesia

The cranial nerves whose primary function is special sensory are A) VIII, IX, and XII. B) III, IV, and VI. C) II, III, and IV. D) I, II, and VIII. E) I, III, and V.

D) I, II, and VIII.

Which cranial nerve is responsible for the motor innervation of pharyngeal muscles and parotid salivary glands? A) XII B) X C) VIII D) IX E) VI

D) IX

Clusters of rough endoplasmic reticulum and free ribosomes are known as A) neurofilaments. B) neurofibrils. C) synapses. D) Nissl bodies. E) microglia.

D) Nissl bodies.

Which cranial nerve is responsible for the sensory innervation of the anterior two-thirds of the tongue? A) V B) IX C) III D) VII E) VI

D) VII

Which of the following neurotransmitters usually depolarizes postsynaptic neurons? A) serotonin B) dopamine C) GABA D) acetylcholine E) monoamine oxidase

D) acetylcholine

Diffusion across which structure(s) returns excess CSF to venous circulation? A) third ventricle B) dural sinuses C) cerebral aqueduct D) arachnoid granulations E) lateral ventricle

D) arachnoid granulations

The gray matter of the spinal cord is dominated by A) tracts. B) columns. C) meninges. D) cell bodies of neurons and glial cells. E) blood vessels.

D) cell bodies of neurons and glial cells.

The branching structures that, together with the cell body, are sensitive to chemical, mechanical, or electrical stimulation are called A) axons. B) Nissl bodies. C) synapses. D) dendrites. E) neurofibrils.

D) dendrites.

The thalamus is the largest portion of which major brain region? A) mesencephalon B) pons C) midbrain D) diencephalon E) cerebellum

D) diencephalon

The ________ ventricle is associated with the pons and upper portion of the medulla oblongata. A) first B) second C) third D) fourth E) lateral

D) fourth

Which structure secretes antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin? A) epithalamus B) cerebellum C) pons D) hypothalamus E) medulla oblongata

D) hypothalamus

Which of the following is a function of the efferent division of the nervous system? A) providing sensation of the internal and external environments B) integrating sensory information C) coordinating voluntary and involuntary activities D) sending signals to muscles E) regulating or controlling peripheral structures and systems

D) sending signals to muscles

Which of the following contains a delicate network of collagen and elastin fibers through which cerebrospinal fluid circulates? A) epidural space B) dural sinus C) arachnoid villi D) subarachnoid space E) pia mater

D) subarachnoid space

Bundles of CNS axons that share a common origin, destination, and function are called ________. A) the cortex B) centers C) nuclei D) tracts E) ganglia

D) tracts

The cranial nerve that has three branches is the A) abducens. B) facial. C) vagus. D) trigeminal. E) glossopharyngeal.

D) trigeminal.

Damage to the ________ nerve, which is vital for the autonomic control of visceral function, could result in death. A) abducens B) facial C) glossopharyngeal D) vagus E) hypoglossal

D) vagus

There are ________ pairs of spinal nerves. A) 6 B) 8 C) 10 D) 12 E) 31

E) 31

Which of the following is the correct order of events that occur at a cholinergic synapse? 1. Extracellular calcium enters the axon terminal, triggering the exocytosis of acetylcholine. 2. Acetylcholine is removed by acetylcholinesterase. 3. Acetylcholine binds to receptors and depolarizes the postsynaptic membrane. 4. Axon terminal depolarizes. A) 2, 3, 1, 4 B) 1, 4, 3, 2 C) 4, 1, 2, 3 D) 3, 4, 1, 2 E) 4, 1, 3, 2

E) 4, 1, 3, 2

The neurilemma of axons in the peripheral nervous system is the outer layer of A) astrocytes. B) ependymal cells. C) oligodendrocytes. D) microglia. E) Schwann cells.

E) Schwann cells.

During an EEG, alpha waves A) are observed in children and frustrated adults. B) are observed in many pathological conditions. C) typically accompany intense concentration. D) occur in deep sleep. E) are characteristic of normal resting adults.

E) are characteristic of normal resting adults.

Monosynaptic reflexes A) are among the most complex reflex arcs. B) involve two or more sequential synapses. C) usually control slow motor responses. D) do not control stereotyped responses of the nervous system. E) are exemplified by the stretch reflex.

E) are exemplified by the stretch reflex.

The region of the brain that is involved in conscious thought and intellectual function as well as processing somatic sensory and motor information is the A) medulla. B) pons. C) midbrain. D) cerebellum. E) cerebrum.

E) cerebrum

The primary connection between cerebral hemispheres is the A) cerebellum. B) precentral gyrus. C) postcentral gyrus. D) midbrain. E) corpus callosum.

E) corpus callosum.

In adults, the spinal cord usually extends to which level? A) tenth thoracic vertebra B) first sacral vertebra C) seventh cervical vertebra D) fourth or fifth lumbar vertebra E) first or second lumbar vertebra

E) first or second lumbar vertebra

If the dorsal root of a spinal nerve is severed, A) motor control of skeletal muscles would be impaired. B) motor control of visceral organs would be impaired. C) the spinal cord would not be able to process information at that level. D) the brain would not be able to communicate with that level of the spinal cord. E) incoming sensory information would be disrupted.

E) incoming sensory information would be disrupted.

Which structure contains cardiovascular and respiratory rhythmicity centers? A) inferior colliculus B) superior colliculus C) pons D) cerebellum E) medulla oblongata

E) medulla oblongata

Neurons that have two or more dendrites and a single axon extending away from the soma are called A) polypolar. B) unipolar. C) bipolar. D) tripolar. E) multipolar.

E) multipolar.

The brachial plexus nerve that controls the flexor muscles of the arm and forearm, and the skin on the lateral surface of the forearm, is the ________ nerve. A) ulnar B) radial C) median D) axillary E) musculocutaneous

E) musculocutaneous

Adrenergic neurons release the neurotransmitter ________. A) serotonin B) acetylcholine C) GABA D) dopamine E) norepinephrine

E) norepinephrine

All of the nervous tissue outside of the central nervous system comprises the ________ nervous system. A) somatic B) autonomic C) sympathetic D) central E) peripheral

E) peripheral

Which nerve innervates the diaphragm? A) musculocutaneous B) obturator C) axillary D) saphenous E) phrenic

E) phrenic

Which structure secretes melatonin? A) anterior pituitary gland B) superior colliculus C) posterior pituitary gland D) hypothalamus E) pineal gland

E) pineal gland

Compound nerve trunks containing axons derived from several spinal nerves originate from A) cranial nerves. B) conjoined spinal nerves. C) lateral nerve groups. D) tracts. E) plexuses.

E) plexuses.

The sensory nuclei of cranial nerves V-VIII are found within which of the following? A) midbrain B) medulla oblongata C) cerebellum D) basal ganglia E) pons

E) pons

Which of the following performs such abstract intellectual function as predicting the future consequences of events or actions? A) pons B) basal ganglia C) hippocampus D) thalamus E) prefrontal cortex

E) prefrontal cortex

Match the cranial nerve in the first column with its structure(s) of innervation in the second column. _____ 1. optic _____ 2. abducens _____ 3. facial _____ 4. accessory _____ 5. trochlear A. palate, pharynx, larynx, sternocleidomastoid, trapezius B. superior oblique muscle C. retina of eye D. lateral rectus muscle of eye E. taste receptors, lacrimal gland, sublingual glands

1-C, 2-D, 3-E, 4-A, 5-B

Match the CNS term in the first column with its function or description in the second column. _____ 1. exteroceptor _____ 2. neuroglia _____ 3. astrocytes _____ 4. dopamine _____ 5. soma A. neuron cell body B. neurotransmitter C. provide(s) information about the external environment D. provide(s) a supporting framework for neural tissue E. largest and most numerous type of glial cells

1-C, 2-D, 3-E, 4-B, 5-A

Ascending pathways A) carry sensory information to the brain. B) carry motor information to the brain. C) carry sensory information from the brain. D) carry motor information from the brain. E) provide subconscious involuntary control of muscle tone.

A) carry sensory information to the brain.

Postganglionic fibers of autonomic neurons are usually A) connected to cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, glands, and adipocytes. B) short in length. C) larger than preganglionic fibers. D) located in the brain. E) located in the spinal cord.

A) connected to cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, glands, and adipocytes.

Which of the following lists the parts of a reflex arc in the correct order? A) receptor, sensory neuron, interneuron, motor neuron, effector B) receptor, effector, sensory neuron, interneuron, motor neuron C) receptor, sensory neuron, effector, interneuron, motor neuron D) effector, receptor, sensory neuron, interneuron, motor neuron E) receptor, interneuron, sensory neuron, motor neuron, effector

A) receptor, sensory neuron, interneuron, motor neuron, effector

Which of the following delivers poorly localized sensations of touch, pressure, pain, and temperature to the primary sensory cortex? A) spinothalamic pathway B) medial pathway C) spinocerebellar pathway D) lateral pathway E) posterior column pathway

A) spinothalamic pathway

Autonomic neurons that control effectors in the body wall and inside the thoracic cavity are found in ________. A) sympathetic chain ganglia B) the adrenal medullae C) parasympathetic terminal ganglia D) sympathetic collateral ganglia E) parasympathetic intramural ganglia

A) sympathetic chain ganglia

The division of the autonomic nervous system that usually stimulates tissue metabolism is the A) sympathetic division. B) parasympathetic division. C) craniosacral division. D) arachnoid division. E) somatic motor division.

A) sympathetic division.

Which of the following fibers usually release norepinephrine (NE)? A) sympathetic postganglionic B) sympathetic preganglionic C) parasympathetic preganglionic D) parasympathetic postganglionic E) somatic

A) sympathetic postganglionic

An autonomic motor neuron whose cell body lies in the CNS is called a(n) A) upper motor neuron. B) lower motor neuron. C) preganglionic neuron. D) postganglionic neuron. E) somatic motor neuron.

C) preganglionic neuron.

Almost 75 percent of all parasympathetic outflow travels along the A) oculomotor nerve. B) splanchnic nerves. C) vagus nerve. D) pelvic nerves. E) collateral nerve.

C) vagus nerve.

Which of the following occurs from spinal segments T1 to L2? A) Sympathetic postganglionic fibers join the dorsal root of each spinal nerve. B) Parasympathetic postganglionic fibers join the dorsal root of each spinal nerve. C) Sympathetic postganglionic fibers join the ventral root of each spinal nerve. D) Parasympathetic preganglionic fibers join the ventral root of each spinal nerve. E) Sympathetic preganglionic fibers join the ventral root of each spinal nerve.

E) Sympathetic preganglionic fibers join the ventral root of each spinal nerve.

Which pathway begins at the pyramidal cells of the cerebral cortex? A) posterior column B) medial C) spinocerebellar D) lateral E) corticospinal

E) corticospinal

The corticospinal tracts function in the control of A) involuntary motor activities. B) autonomic function. C) sweat glands. D) skin. E) skeletal muscles.

E) skeletal muscles.

The effects of neurotransmitters released by the modified neurons of the adrenal medullae resemble those produced by stimulation of ________. A) sympathetic preganglionic fibers B) parasympathetic postganglionic fibers C) pelvic nerves D) parasympathetic preganglionic fibers E) sympathetic postganglionic fibers

E) sympathetic postganglionic fibers

Axons that cross from one side of the spinal cord to the other are found in the ________. A) anterior white columns B) lateral gray horns C) posterior gray horns D) gray commissures E) posterior white columns

D) gray commissures