Chapter 9

Diets that emphasize plant-based foods are associated with a reduced risk of all of the following diseases except: heart disease. type 2 diabetes. asthma. cancer.

asthma

When selecting complementary proteins, Amy would NOT pick: peanut butter on wheat toast. avocado dip with tortilla chips. hummus on pita bread. black bean and rice.

avocado dip with tortilla chips

The development of some breast cancers requires the actions of estrogen. As a result, which one of these types of phytochemicals might actually promote the development of breast cancer if consumed in excess? resveratrol zeaxanthin carotenoids isoflavones

isoflavones

A plant-based diet emphasizes:

whole plant foods

Which of these phytochemicals has been shown to be important for eye health? anthocyanins curcumin zeaxanthin resveratrol

zeaxanthin

Why is Jose, a lactovegetarian, not concerned with vitamin D deficiency? Lactovegetarians experience greater sunlight exposure. Lactovegetarians are better able to absorb vitamin D. Lactovegetarians require less vitamin D. Lactovegetarians consume milk products.

Lactovegetarians consume milk products

What is TRUE about resveratrol? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. More research is needed to determine its benefits. It is thought to be responsible for the "Mediterranean Paradox." Human studies have suggested the compound lengthens lifespan. Resveratrol cancels the negative effects of eating rich and high-fat foods.

More research is needed to determine its benefits

A permanent change in the DNA sequence in a cell is called:

a mutation

Which of these compounds is NOT a carotenoid? lutein curcumin zeaxanthin lycopene

curcumin

The Spanish research participants who ate the Mediterranean-like diet were told to: eat more nuts. engage in regular physical activity. reduce their caloric intake. consume less olive oil.

eat more nuts

Marta is a lactovegetarian. Which food could she eat? bacon omelet tuna salad fruit and yogurt ham sandwich

fruit and yogurt

According to recent Gallup surveys, Americans said that eating more _____ is the most important change they can make to their diet.

fruits and vegetables

Which of the following is NOT a demonstrated outcome of a diet that emphasizes organic foods? reduced exposure to antibiotic-resistant bacteria improved health lower exposure to pesticides reduced environmental impact

improved health

Research suggests that moderate amounts of dark chocolate may have beneficial effects on: cancer prevention. insulin resistance. bone health. weight loss.

insulin resistance

In general, individuals eating plant-based diets may experience reduced mortality because of their: lower intake of monounsaturated fat. lower intake of dietary fiber. higher intake of processed meats. lower body weight.

lower body weight

Studies show that vegetarians have: higher blood pressure levels. lower high-density lipoprotein levels. higher total blood cholesterol. lower low-density lipoprotein levels.

lower low-density lipoprotein levels

Alice is following a vegan diet. She would NOT eat: a bean burrito. macaroni and cheese. black bean and corn salsa. succotash (lima beans and corn).

macaroni and cheese

In a typical Mediterranean diet, more than half of the fat calories are from what type of fat

monounsaturated fat

A permanent change in the DNA sequence of a gene is a _____.

mutation

To lower cancer-risk, high-dose nutrient supplements are NOT encouraged because: nutrients from food are protective from cancer. high-dose supplements cause DNA mutation. high-dose supplements contribute to obesity. nutrients from supplements are better absorbed.

nutrients from food are protective from cancer

Which of these foods is a poor source of iron?

oranges

Tumors are considered benign when they do not progress beyond what stage of cancer development? progression promotion metastasis initiation

promotion

Which of these foods is consumed least frequently in a Mediterranean diet? red meat fish whole grains dairy products

red meat

Which food will significantly improve iron absorption from plant sources? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. nuts legumes red peppers green tea

red peppers

Which of the following is NOT a proposed reason why plant-based diets are thought to reduce the risk of chronic diseases and overall mortality? increased intake of antioxidants reduce intake of saturated fat reduced intake of total fat increased intake of phytochemicals

reduced intake of total fat

Proteins from what plant are complete proteins? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. nuts soy black beans whole wheat

soy

A possible mechanism of action of polyphenols in cancer prevention is their ability to: lengthen the lifespan of cancer cells. protect DNA from mutation. promote migration of mutated cells. trigger cell death in cancer cells.

trigger cell death in cancer cells