Chapter 9 Articulations
What are examples of a Synchondroses Cartilaginous joint?
-Articulation between the first rib and sternum -Joint present during the growth years between the epiphyses of a long bone and it's diaphysis
What are the structural name and degree of movement for Amphiarthroses joints?
-Cartilaginous -Slightly movable
What are some examples of condyloid joints?
-Condyles of Occipital bone fitting into elliptical depressions of Atlas -Distal end of the radius fitting into depressions of the Carpal bones
What are examples of a pivot joint?
-Dens articulating with C1 -Head of radius articulating with radial notch of ulna
What are the structural name and degree of movement for Synarthroses joints?
-Fibrous -Immovable
What is the movement involved in a condyloid joint?
-Flexion, extension in one plane -Abduction, adduction in the other plane
What is the movement involved in a saddle joint?
-Flexion, extension in one plane -Abduction, adduction in the other plane (opposing the thumb to the finger)
What movement does the hip joint allow?
-Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, internal rotation, external rotation, and circumduction
What is the movement involved with a ball and socket joint?
-Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation, circumduction
What forms the hip joint?
-Head of femur -Acetabulum
What are the two types of uniaxial synovial joints?
-Hinge Joints -Pivot Joints
Cartilaginous joints are joined together by what two types of cartilage?
-Hyaline -Fibrocartilage
What are the ligaments that hold the hip together?
-Iliofemoral Ligament -Pubofemoral Ligament -Ischiofemoral Ligament
What is the structure of a Synovial joint?
-Joint Capsule -Synovial membrane -Articular cartilage -Joint Cavity -Menisci (articular disks) -Ligaments -Bursae
What contribute to the Hip joints stability?
-Joint capsule size -Ligaments
What are some examples of gliding joints?
-Joints between articular facets of adjacent vertebrae -Joints between the carpal and tarsal bones
What are the structures that strengthen the shoulder joint and give it a degree of stability?
-Ligaments -Muscles -Tendons -Bursae
What are the two catagories of Interphalangeal joints?
-PIP (proximal interphalangeal joints) -DIP (distal interphalangeal joints)
What forms the wrist joint?
-Radius -Scaphoid and Lunate
What are the 2 types of biaxial synovial joints?
-Saddle joints -Condyloid (ellipsoidal) joints
What are the 2 classification of joints?
-Structural -Functional
What are examples of Symphyses cartilaginous joints?
-Symphysis pubis -Vertebral disks
What are the two types of cartilaginous joints?
-Synchondroses -Symphyses
What are the three subtypes of fibrous joints?
-Syndesmoses -Sutures -Gomphoses
What are the structural name and degree of movement for Diarthroses joints?
-Synovial -Freely movable
Structural joint classification are named according to what?
-Type of connective tissue -Presence of a fluid-filled joint capsule (synovial joint)
What are the three main groups of Synovial Joints?
-Uniaxial -Biaxial -Multiaxial
What type of biaxial joints in which a condyle fits into an elliptical socket called?
Condyloid joint
What depends on the shape of the bones articulating surface?
Degree of movement
Why is a scaphoid fracture important?
Due to a portion of the scaphoid bone my become avascular and die
What joint in the body is a classic hinge joint?
Elbow
What is an example of a hinge joint?
Elbow joint
What ligament of the knee attaches the femur to the tibia laterally?
Fibular (Lateral (LCL)) Collateral Ligament
What is the movement of intercarpal joints?
Generally gliding, with some abduction and flexion
What is the narrow rim of fibrocartilage around the glenoid cavity the lends depth to the cavity?
Glenoid Labrum
What type of multiaxial joint is characterized by relatively flat articulating surfaces that allow limited gliding movements along various axes?
Gliding Joints
What is the least movable of the synovial joints?
Gliding joints
What is the movement involved with gliding joints?
Gliding movements without any angular or circular movements
What fibrous joints are found between root of a toot and the alveolar process of the mandible or maxilla?
Gomphoses
What forms the Glenohumeral joint?
Head of humerus and glenoid cavity of the scapula
What type of uniaxial joint do articulating ends of bones form a hinge-shaped unity that allows only flexion and extension?
Hinge Joints
What type of joint only allows flexion and extension?
Hinge joints (uniaxial synovial joints)
What is one of the strongest ligaments in the body?
Iliofemoral ligament
What joint spaces usually communicate?
Intercapal joint spaces
What is the movement involved in a pivot (uniaxial synovial joint)?
Rotation
What does the proximal radioulnar joint permit?
Rotation of the forearm
What type of biaxial joints in which the articulating ends of the bones resemble reciprocally shaped miniature saddles?
Saddle joint
What bone of the wrist joint is often fractured?
Scaphoid
What is the most mobile joint in the body?
Shoulder (Glenohumeral) joint because of the shallowness of the glenoid cavity
What are some examples of a Ball and Socket joint?
Shoulder and hip joints
What is an example of a Synovial Diarthroses freely movable joint?
Shoulder joint
What are both components of the elbow joint stabilized and surrounded by?
Surrounded by single joint capsule Stabilized by collateral ligaments
What fibrous joint are found only in the skull; where tooth-like projections from adjacent bones interlock with each other?
Sutures
What is an example of a Fibrous Synarthroses immovable join?
Sutures of skull
Cartilaginous joints that are characterized by the presence of a fibrocartilage pad or disk between articulating bones is called what?
Symphyses
What is an example of a Cartilaginous Amphiarthroses slightly movable joint?
Symphysis pubis
What are the 3 functional joint classes according to movement they permit?
Synarthroses- immovable joint Amphiarthroses- slightly movable joint Diarthroses- feely movable joint
Cartilaginous joints that are characterized by the presence of hyaline cartilage between articulating bones is called what?
Synchondroses
What is one of the most important structures near the elbow joint?
Ulnar nerve
What type of synovial joint permit movement around only one axis and in one plane?
Uniaxial
Where are Intercarpal joints found?
between the 8 carpal bones
What is an example of a syndesmoses joint?
radius and ulna joined by the radioulnar interosseous ligament
How many bursae are located in the knee?
13
What does the rotator cuff provide the shoulder?
A cuff like arrangement around the shoulder
What is the Proximal radioulnar joint stabilized by?
Annular ligament
What ligament of the knee attaches the anterior tibial to the posterior femur?
Anterior Cruciate Ligament
What is the thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering and cushioning the articular surfaces of bones in synovial joints called?
Articular cartilage
What is the point of contact between bones?
Articulation
What are the synovial membranes that are filled with synovial fluid; that cushion joints and facilitate movement of tendons in synovial joints called?
Bursae
What type of multiaxial joint is the most movable joint where the ball shaped head of one bone fits into a concave depression of another?
Ball and Socket joint
What type of joint has the widest range of movement?
Ball and socket joints
What are the two types of Multiaxial joints?
Ball-and-Socket joints (speroid joints) Gliding Joints
Who frequently injures the rotator cuff?
Baseball pitchers
What type of synovial joint permit movement around two perpendicular axes in two perpendicular planes?
Biaxial
What synovial joints permit movement around three or more axes and in three or more planes?
Multiaxial joints
What is the sleevelike extension of the periosteum of each of the articulating bones in synovial joints?
Joint Capsule
What is the small space between the articulating surfaces of the two pones of the synovial joint?
Joint Cavity
What joint is the largest and one of the most complex and most frequently injured joints in the body?
Knee Joint
What bones articulate at the Humeroradial joint?
Lateral articulation of capitulum of humerus with head of radius
What are the strong cords of dense, white fibrous tissue that hold bones of synovial joints more firmly together?
Ligaments
What are the concave-shaped cartilage that attaches to the flat top of the tibia and forms a shallow socket for the condyles of the femur?
Medial and Lateral Menisci
What are the externally palpable bony landmarks of the elbow joint?
Medial and lateral epicondyles
What bones articulate at the Humeroulnar joint?
Medial articulation of trochlea of humerus with trochlear notch of Ulna
What are the pads of fibrocartilage located between articulating bones in synovial joint's?
Menisci
What is found on either side of the elbow joint which helps cushion the joint and is found just under the skin on it's posterior surface?
Olecranon Bursa
What is an inflamation of the Olecranon bursa near the elbow joint called?
Olecranon bursitis
What type of uniaxial joint does a projection of one bone articulate with a ring or notch of another bone?
Pivot Joints
What ligament of the knee attaches the posterior tibia to the posterior femur?
Posterior Cruciate Ligament
What do the ACL, and PCL do for the knee?
Prevents anterior and posterior movement
What do the MCL and LCL do for the knee?
Prevents medial and lateral movement
What joint is formed between the head of the radius and medial notch of the ulna?
Proximal radioulnar joint
What is a dislocation of the radial head in the radioulnar joint called?
Pulled Elbow
What is the wrist joint called?
Radiocarpal Joint
What bone articulates directly with carpal bones?
Radius
What are fibrous joints in which ligaments connect two bones?
Syndesmoses
What are the bodies most mobile, most numerous and anatomically the most complex joints?
Synovial (Diarthroses) joints
What is the moist slippery membrane that lines the inner surface of the joint capsule in synovial joints?
Synovial membrane
Functional joint classification are named according to what?
The degree of movement allowed
Where is the only occurrence of a saddle joint in the body?
The thumb between the first metacarpal and carpal bone
What ligament of the knee attaches the femur the the tibia medially?
Tibial (Medial (MCL)) Collateral ligament
