Sociology Exam 1

As a result of the War on Poverty, the US poverty decreased most when? 50s and 60s 60s and 70s 80s 90s 2000s and 2010s

1960s and 1970s

The population aged 65+ is more than __________ as likely to report being in fair or poor health as the young adult population aged 18-44. 2x 3x 4x 5x 10x

3x

Approximately how many persons die each year in the United States due to the use of tobacco? 48,000 75,000 128,000 250,000 480,000

4

How many violent crime categories are there? 8 6 4 3 2

4

According to the early research of the 40s and 50s, about what percent of males were exclusively homosexual after adolescence? 4% 6 10 22 37

4%

In the U.S., what percentage of unplanned pregnancies end in abortion? 6% 13% 27% 42% 65%

42%

Approximately what percentage of Americans living in poverty are either children or the elderly? 14% 44 58 67 80

44%

In the early 1950's what was the world's life expectancy approximately? 46 60 65 69 77

46

In 1900 what was the approximate life expectancy in the United States? 37 39 47 57 63

47

The number of children who die before what age measures child mortality? 1 2 5 12 14

5

What percentage of families headed by a married couple are living in poverty? 5% 12 32 44 62

5%

About what percent of the population believe there should be no laws restricting pornography? 40-45% 30-35% 23-27% 10-12% 5-6%

5-6%

Tobacco kills how many more people a year than alcohol use? 2 times as many 5.5 times as many 10 times as many 16.5 times as many 25 times as many

5.5 times as many

Many poor families spend more than what percent on their rent? 10% 20 25 50 80

50%

Medicare covers about what percent of elder's health costs? 25% 33 50 80 100

50%

What percentage of the global population lives in poor nations, according to the text? 3% 10 20 50 75

50%

About what percent of teens have not had sexual intercourse? 87% 68 57 39 11

57%

What percentage of African American, Latinx, and Native American children live in low-income families? 5-10% 15-20 28-30 59-61 75-79

59-61%

Binge drinking is defined as having at least ____ drinks in ____ hours. 3; 2 3; 3 5; 2 5; 3 5; 5

5; 2

The term "elderly" is usually reserved for people over what age? 45 50 55 65 70

65%

What percentage of homicides involves firearms? 5% 15 30 66 90

66

Latinx women earn about what percentage of what white men earn? 47% 57 67 77 87

67%

About what percent of older men live with their spouse? 20% 25% 42% 57% 72%

72%

What percentage of women between the ages of 35-44 is in the labor force? 43.3% 58.6 67.5 72.7 81.9

72.7%

What percent of Americans in the 20-75 age range have either lived in or near poverty for one year? 15% 20 25 75 95

75%

What percentage of non-Latinx whites are officially in poverty? 8-9% 12-13 19-20 25-26 30-31

8-9%

About what percent of the American people believe that sex between teenagers is not wrong? 75% 56 39 22 9

9

At one time, what was the highest number of races identified by scientists? 4 9 11 22 44

9

How long is maternity leave in Britain? 0 months 1 month 3 months 9 months 1 year

9 months

People from different races have what percent of their DNA the same? 99% 89 49 29 9

99%

Biological explanations for gender roles include ______________, Evolutionary psychology prehistoric female's exclusive role as child bearers prehistoric male's superior strength and quickness males' higher levels of testosterone All of the above

All of the above

Which of the following statements regarding abortion is false? Abortion for any reason is legal in the first trimester. Abortion is illegal for any reason in the third trimester. Abortion is legal for any reason in the second trimester. States can regulate second term abortions. Abortions in the third trimester can be performed.

Abortion is illegal for any reason in the third trimester

Women spend how much longer than men per week on housework? 1 hour 2-3 7 12 15

About 7 hours

A rape myth that attempts to explain rape and sexual assault is/are women enjoy being forced to have sex women ask for or deserve to be raped men should be sexually assertive or even aggressive a and b All of the above

All of the above

A study of fifth graders in Connecticut by Janet Lever in 1978 found that boys' games had a greater number of rules than girls' games had more specialized roles were typically more complex involved more individuals playing All of the above

All of the above

Adults who were poor in childhood are more likely to do which of the following? Complete fewer years of school Receive more in food stamps Have poor health Have been arrested All of the above

All of the above

For global poverty to be reduced, which of the following needs to be reduced according to the sociological approach? Ethnic inequality Gender inequality Class inequality All of the Above None of the above

All of the above

In which societies can negative feelings about the elderly be found? capitalist modern socialist preindustrial All of the above

All of the above

Less than 50 percent of people polled do not want abortions for which of the following reasons? married woman does not want more children cannot afford woman does not want to marry any reason All of the above

All of the above

Narcotics slow down the central nervous system. do not damage bodily organs. are physically addictive. can be fatal in high doses. All of the above

All of the above

Opium was commonly used before and after the Civil War because it was an effective pain killer. was a cough suppressant. relieved toothaches. relieved depression. All of the above

All of the above

Physical differences that are sometimes included in the discussion of race include which of the following? Skin color Facial features Stature Shape of hair All of the above

All of the above

Poverty affects which of the following? Health Education Family of Life Crime and Victimization All of the above

All of the above

Rape is more common in societies where women have less economic power where women have less political power where women are poorer a and b All of the above

All of the above

Adults with college degrees are more likely to drink alcohol, but less likely to use tobacco, compared to those who have dropped out of high school.

True

Both symbolic interactionism and social constructionist theory rely heavily on perception.

True

Call girls rank at the top of the prostitution hierarchy.

True

Cocaine and crack use has declined since the 1970s and 1980s.

True

Drug use is functional because it provides users the various positive physiological effects that drugs have.

True

Females have two X chromosomes

True

Feminist Theory holds that gender discrimination is evident in all societies

True

Homosexuality in ancient Greece was not only approved but also encouraged.

True

Humans have used mind-altering plants since prehistoric times.

True

If a person believes that homosexuality is biological in origin, they are likely to be tolerant

True

In a study discussed in this chapter, less than half of respondents agree that it is better if the man is the achiever outside the home and the woman takes care of the home and family

True

In addition to the fear of being fired, many people do not report sexual harassment in the workplace due to the mental health effects known as sexual harassment trauma syndrome, a phenomenon similar to post-traumatic stress disorder

True

LGBTQ teens are more likely to be disciplined than heterosexual teens for the same offense

True

Marijuana use in the nation declined sharply in the 1980s, the first decade after decriminalization began.

True

Most Americans believe that the poor themselves are to blame for being poor.

True

Most homicide offenders and victims knew each other.

True

Most social problems begin with bottom-up efforts from social change groups

True

Negative opinions about the elderly can be found in all types of economic societies.

True

Not all efforts to turn a condition or behavior into a social problem succeed. If these efforts do not succeed, a social problem does not emerge.

True

Poor people smoke at a higher rate than the wealthy

True

Poverty rates are higher in families with only one adult

True

Same sex marriage is now legal in all 50 states

True

Several alcohol companies rank among the largest corporations in the world.

True

Sexually-active people ages 15-24 have a higher than representative rate of new STD cases.

True

Socialization into gender roles begins in infancy

True

Sociologically, we can study how crime and infectious diseases like COVID-19 have the same social roots.

True

The Global Commission on Drug Policy's 2011 report suggested that decriminalization and even legalization of illegal drugs be seriously considered.

True

The major characters on children's TV shows are male

True

The majority of Americans aged 65+ have at least two chronic health conditions.

True

The military now allows gays and lesbians to serve in the military without hiding these facts

True

The most common method to gather data is a survey

True

The public has moved from sexism toward feminism

True

The social constructionist perspective suggests that both objective and subjective components of social problems are always aligned with one another.

True

The supplemental poverty measure (SPM) shows that government aid programs are essential for keeping many people out of poverty

True

The wealth gap between white households and Latinx households is increasing

True

There are more eating disorders among women than men

True

When we study ageing, we are actually, hopefully, studying about ourselves.

True

Which of the following is an example of the functions of poverty? Poor people do work that others don't want Programs provide jobs for others Buy goods that other people don't want Provide work for low-quality doctors and lawyers All of the above

All of the above

Which of the following is recommended to reduce crime? smaller schools less aggressive males community correction facilities reduce poverty All of the above

All of the above

Which of the following is the primary line of scientific research being conducted to find the origin of homosexuality? biological brain anatomy hormonal imbalance All of the above None of the above

All of the above

Which of the following is true regarding amateur theft? young and unskilled small amounts little planning opportunity presents itself All of the above

All of the above

Which of the following is true regarding homicide? It involves intense emotions. Most are spontaneous. The offender and the victim usually know each other. There is hatred between the individuals involved. All of the above

All of the above

Which of the following movements does the text say improved America? Women's Labor Gay rights Environmental All of the above

All of the above

Which of the following would be a reason a person over 65 would not try to work? age discrimination lower Social Security benefits prejudiced co-workers few part-time jobs All of the above

All of the above

Which of the following would be considered a "target" for urban crime? bars convenience stores homes people All of the above

All of the above

Which of the following would be considered a social entity? News media Interest group Politicians Pressure group All of the above

All of the above

Which of the following would be considered senior abuse? neglect of care physical abuse financial exploitation psychological abuse All of the above

All of the above

Which of the following would not be considered a violent crime? burglary larceny arson motor vehicle theft All of the above

All of the above

Why is there less poverty in other western nations? Stronger Unions Higher minimum wage higher social expenditures higher housing allowances All of the above

All of the above

According to the table regarding prejudice and discrimination, which of the following practices neither? All weather liberals fair weather liberals timid bigots active bigots All of the above

All weather liberals

What is the name of the last stage of the natural history of a social problem? Claims making Legitimacy Emergence Claims renewal Alternative Strategies

Alternative Strategies

Which of the following is NOT a socialization explanation for why males commit more crime than females? Parents watch daughters more closely. Daughters cannot stay out as late at night. Boys are raised to be more aggressive. Boys are raised to be more assertive. Boys are "hardwired" to be more physical.

Boys are "hardwired" to be more physical

What is the name of the people in East Africa where young male warriors live with each other? Masai Luhya Diola Kalenjin Azande

Azande

Where is the following quote form "Do not lie with a man as one lies with a woman, that is detestable." Koran Bible US Constitution Torah Vedas

Bible

When Europe became Christian, what was the major influence that resulted in the prohibition of homosexuality? King Richard Bible passages philosophy fear Germans

Bible passages

Another name for the individualistic explanation for poverty is? Holier than thou IQ Theory Blame the Victim Might makes Right The golden rule

Blame the Victim

The idea that more powerful groups try to pass laws that ban behaviors in which less powerful groups tend to engage reflects which theoretical perspective? Functionalist Conflict Symbolic interactionist a and b b and c

Conflict

Which of the following theories would look at a bank robbery and demand changes in society's economic structure? Symbolic Interactionism Functionalism Conflict a and b b and c

Conflict

Which theory most supports social change to reduce inequality? Functionalism Conflict Feminist Symbolic Interactionism All of the above

Conflict

The statement: much drug use in poor urban areas results from the poverty, racial inequality, and other conditions affecting people in these locations, reflects what sociological perspective as discussed in this chapter? Functionalism Conflict Theory Cultural Transmission Theory Critical Theory Symbolic Interactionism

Conflict Theory

What may have contributed to an increase in homosexuality in early China? few women abortion Confucianism atheism tyranny

Confucianism

The perception aspect of a social problem's existence is at the heart of which sociological viewpoint? Functionalists Extremists Imagists Hypotheticals Constructionist

Constructionist

___________ is the belief that men and women should be equal equal rights Feminism femininity sexism natural law

Feminism

An example of how social problem related to employment has changed for the better is Less unemployment Eight-hour workday Fewer jobs Fewer Employees More offshore jobs

Eight-hour workday

Which Amendment banned the manufacture, sale and transportation of alcohol? Eighteenth Nineteenth Twentieth Twenty-first Twenty-second

Eighteenth

Which of the following is NOT included in the list of remedies to reduce poverty? Full employment Eliminate minimum wage Higher earned income credits Child care subsidies Affordable housing increase

Eliminate Minimum Wage

Which theory believes that prostitution occurs because men view women as sex objects? Feminist Functionalism Conflict Symbolic Interactionism All of the above

Feminist

According to the table regarding prejudice and discrimination, which of the following practices discrimination but not prejudice? timid bigots active bigots all weather liberals fair weather liberals None of the above

Fair weather liberals

A person that has a black parent and a white parent is usually referred to as white in America

False

Abortion is always illegal in the third trimester.

False

According to a General Social Survey, whites believe that blacks and whites are equally intelligent

False

After the COVID-19 pandemic began in early 2020, several states passed legislation to make legal abortions more accessible.

False

Another name for street culture is confrontational culture

False

Crime has been rising steadily since the 1990's.

False

Deviance results from the real bonds people have with their families are part of the labeling explanation of crime.

False

Federal protection against discrimination based on sexual orientation exists in the U.S.

False

Fewer women are classified as in poverty than men.

False

Herdache is a category anthropologists use to refer to a woman who takes on a man's role

False

If millions of people are out of work, that would be considered a private problem

False

If older people retire early, society is unlikely to lose any wisdom

False

Illegal prescription drug use has grown in recent years, especially among the Baby Boomers.

False

In terms of DNA, people with different racial backgrounds are more dissimilar than similar

False

Males between the ages of 15-24 are more likely than females to engage in same sex behavior.

False

More men than women are arrested for prostitution.

False

More people die annually from alcohol use than tobacco use.

False

More than 60 percent of all prisoners are either African American or Latino.

False

Most Social problems come into being from top-down efforts

False

Most advocates of reducing poverty want to eliminate the minimum wage.

False

Most elderly aged 85+ live in nursing homes

False

Most homicides are interracial

False

Pimps usually treat their prostitutes very well.

False

Poor people are less likely to be homeless

False

Primary sex characteristics are the biological differences between females and males that emerge during puberty

False

Studies find that women receive harsher treatment for serious crimes than men.

False

The United States has a lower poverty rate and higher positive health outcomes than most of its democratic peers

False

The individualistic explanation of poverty believes poverty results from problems in society

False

The percentage of people who say they are for same sex marriage has stayed constant over the past thirty years.

False

The percentage of teens having sex today has increased from the 1980s.

False

The poverty line is not adjusted for inflation annually

False

The rate of illegal drug use is higher for African Americans.

False

The sexual revolution of the 1960's resulted in most people also believing that extramarital affairs are not a problem.

False

White families have the highest medium family income

False

White privilege means that white people are rich and don't have to work hard

False

Another name for observational research is Quick-look Participation Field Group Integrated

Field

What is the name of the second stage of the natural history of a social problem? Claims making Legitimacy Emergence Claims renewal Alternative Strategies

Legitimacy

Which of the following groups did the Nazi's NOT arrest? lesbians homosexuals Jews None of the above All of the above

Lesbians

While women have narrowed the gender gap in earnings, today they still earn what percentage of men's average earnings? 50% less than 70 less than 80 90 almost 100

Less than 80%

The belief that the equality of women can be achieved within our existing society by passing laws and reforming social, economic, and political institutions is known as radical feminism multicultural feminism liberal feminism socialist feminism conservative feminism

Liberal feminism

If a sociologist were doing research about crime, which data source would they not use? Courts prisons hospitals schools meat-packing plants

Meat-packing plants

In 1976 the U.S. Congress banned the use of what funds for abortions? Medicaid Medicare social security welfare education

Medicaid

Which of the following groups has the highest percent in poverty/ White Asian African American Latinx Native American

Native American`

Which two drugs cause the most harm? cocaine and opium cocaine and alcohol alcohol and tobacco tobacco and opium tobacco and cocaine

alcohol and tobacco

In spite of being less than 10% of the population in New Mexico and Wyoming, ___________ constituted 57% and 30% respectively, of those states COVID-19 cases in the early months of the virus. African Americans Asian Americans Native Americans Latinx Whites

Native Americans

A social problem is any condition that has what kind of consequences? Positive Negative Aggressive Optimistic Dire

Negative

Which country was the first to legally recognize marriage equality? Russia United States Netherlands Germany Japan

Netherlands

Legal brothels exist in the rural counties of which U.S. state? California Florida Nevada Arkansas Alaska

Nevada

Which of the following groups has the lowest percentage of poor people? African American Native American Asian Latinx Non-Latinx Whites

Non-Latinx Whites

Which of the following is true regarding people's attitude regarding adultery? almost unanimously against small majority against about even for and against small majority think it is okay large majority believe it is okay

almost unanimously against

In the #MeToo era, which of the following have women reported as true, based on workplace surveys? an increase in non-sexual harassment an increase in sexual harassment an increase in both sexual and non-sexual harassment a decrease in both sexual and non-sexual harassment a decrease in non-sexual harassment

an increase in non-sexual harassment

Which depressant reduces pain and includes over-the-counter products such as aspirin? sedatives stimulants narcotics analgesics None of the above

analgesics

A racist explanation for African American crimes rates would be: lower education levels poor housing poor health biological inferiority higher poverty rate

biological inferiority

Which of the following would NOT be one of the major categories of crime? white collar blue collar organized property violent

blue collar

The most common form of contraception used by teenagers is: condom abstinence IUD's rhythm method None of the above

condom

Federal law prohibits discrimination based on all BUT which of the following sex nationality sexual orientation race religion

Sexual orientation

As is true for many Americans, food insecurity among the elderly is highest in Northern states. Midwestern states. Southern and Southwestern states. Western states. Northern and Midwestern states.

Southern and Southwestern states

That social problems result from the interaction of individuals is the belif of which of the following theories? Conflict Theory Functionalist Theory Conflict and Functionalist Symbolic Interactionism and Functionalist Symbolic Interactionism Theory

Symbolic Interactionism Theory

The meaning of handshakes changed during the COVID-19 pandemic. This example best illustrates which theoretical perspective? Functionalist Theory Conflict Theory Symbolic Interactionism Theory a and b b and c

Symbolic Interactionism Theory

Which of the following theories would try to prevent bank robberies by having after school programs? Conflict and Functionalist Theory Symbolic Interactionism and Functionalist Theory Conflict Theory Functionalist Theory Symbolic Interactionism Theory

Symbolic Interactionism Theory

______________ blames people of color for their problems and reduces public support for government policies to deal with their problems. Jim Crow racism Segregation Symbolic racism Prejudice None of these

Symbolic Racism

Comparable worth refers to the idea that men and women working at similar jobs earn roughly equal income the idea that men and women should be paid roughly the same for similar jobs the idea that women's and men's jobs may be of roughly equal value and thus deserve the same pay, even though women's jobs typically pay less than men's jobs All of the above none of the above

The idea that women's and men's jobs may be roughly equal value and thus deserve the same pay, even though women's jobs typically pay less than men's jobs

The contemporary women's rights movement began in the early 50s the late 60s the mid 70s the early 80s the late 90s

The late 1960s

Which of the following statements about sexual harassment is NOT true Women are more often than men targets of sexual harassment women are still depicted in our culture as sexual objects that exist for men's pleasure, which contributes to their being sexually harassed. Most women who are sexually harassed do not bring court action against those who harass them The long-term psychological consequences of sexual harassment already comprise a vast body of research The effects of sexual harassment are known as sexual harassment trauma syndrome

The long-term psychological consequences of sexual harassment already comprise a vast body of research.

Which of the following regarding social class and crime is true? The poor commit equal rates of street crime and white-collar crime. The poor commit more street crime than white-collar crime. The wealthy commit equal rates of street crime and white-collar crime. The wealthy commit more street crime than white-collar crime. None of the above

The poor commit more street crime than white-collar crime

Which of the following is a critique of the individualistic explanation of poverty? The poor have different values The poor who are employed work more hours than wealthy Rich parents tend to value education more Most poverty can be explained by cultural differences All of the above

The poor who are employed work more hours than wealthy

The large number of crimes that do not come to the attention of the police and thus also not to the public is called: victimization uniform crime report consensual crime dark figure of crime self-report crime

dark figure of crime

A previously-used term for intersexed is hematidrosis hemimetaboly hermaphrodites hermonites heteroclide

hermaphrodites

Which of the following drugs is least used in the United States? marijuana cocaine crack heroin illegal prescription drugs

heroin

Which of the following is a physical problem that results form high levels of stress? diabetes high blood pressure blindness cancer asthma

high blood pressure

A key factor that explains high crime rates in urban areas is: poor sanitation poor public transportation high density rates high unemployment rates few manufacturing jobs

high density rates

In the anomie theory of crime causation, if a person rejects the goal of economic success and the value of working, they could become a: hobo stockbroker welfare worker trash collector politician

hobo

Which of the following is NOT a drug? coca leaves honey poppy seeds coffee cannabis

honey

The anomie explanation of crime refers to which of the following? inability to achieve success legitimately biologically inferior weak family bonds wealth distribution population density

inability to achieve success legitimately

How much higher is the teen pregnancy rate for African Americans, Latinxs, and Native Americans compared to non-Hispanic whites? twice as high three times as high four times as high five times as high about the same

three times as high

About what percent of the elderly living in nursing homes are women? one-fourth one-third one-half two-thirds three-fourths

two-thirds

Consensual crime was previously, frequently, referred to as: organized crime victimless crime white collar crime blue collar crime voluntary crime

victimless crime

What is the number one reason why some countries have longer life expectancies than other countries? education literacy wealth heritage GDP

wealth

Which of the following persons will probably live the longest? white man white woman black woman black man all the same

white woman

Which of the following regarding people born from 1933-1942 having sex before 18 years of age is true? almost none of men and women did more men did than women almost none of women did about the same amount for men and women more women did than men

more men did than women

Which of the following is NOT part of the get tough on crime approach? more pardons three strikes you're out longer sentences more prisons more police

more pardons

Throughout U.S. history, ________________ played a role in decisions about the legality of drugs like marijuana and opium. the degree of physiological damage to users the degree of psychological damage to users racial prejudice economic value advice from medical professionals

racial prejudice

The top reason why teens do not have sex is: too busy not right person lack of interest religion fear of pregnancy

religion

Which type of alcohol was a major industry in colonial New England? whiskey gin vodka rum beer

rum

What does the term "biological aging" mean? forgetting things slowing down looking older the changes in roles that occur as people age All of the above

slowing down

The belief that a weak bond to family and schools causes much crime is called __________. labeling anomie social bonding radical None of the above

social bonding

Drugs that speed up the central nervous system and increase alertness and energy and possibly produce euphoria or anxiety are called: narcotics hallucinogens depressants stimulants All of the above

stimulants

Which type of prostitution is considered the most dangerous? street walking brothel massage parlor escorts bar worker

street walking

A major reason why the sexual revolution of the 1960's occurred was? Vietnam "the pill" television pornography expanded more women than men

"the pill"

Half the people in the world have below what level of income? $700 3000 14000 17000 22000

$3000

If marijuana were legalized and taxed it is estimated that this new tax revenue would amount to almost $5 billion. $7 billion. $9 billion. $11 billion. $13 billion.

$9 billion

What are some of the steps that are recommended for heterosexuals to help address the LGBTQ issue?

(Typed Response) Heterosexual parents should ensure that their children are aware that they are equally valid whether they are LGBTQ, or not. These children should be treated the same as any straight child, and should not be shunned or disowned because of their sexuality. Along with that, any possible form of mistreatment or discrimination of LGBTQ individuals should be discouraged and prohibited by law.

Discuss difficulties when trying to define and/or classify individuals by race.

(Typed Response) The line determining what characteristics determine one race versus another are unclear, and often crossed regardless of what a person's true genealogy is. For example, Tiger Woods has been considered African American despite the fact that he has only 1/8 African blood. Race is primarily based on biological or physical features, yet it is hard to determine what group a person fits into based on their skin color alone.

Discuss some examples of racial and ethnic intolerance in early American history.

(Typed response) Racial and ethical intolerance occurs when an individual or a group lacks respect for beliefs or ideas that belong to an individual or group of another ethnical or racial group. An example of this in American history is the backlash African Americans received during cultural and musical changes; namely, the jazz age, and more recently, rap and hiphop. White Americans insisted on holding true to their cultural and musical preferences, and they hated and discriminated against new African American ideas.

Women won the right to vote in 1850 1910 1920 1950 1960

1920

Although a small percentage, about how many LGBTQ people are there in the U.S.? 200,000 2 million 10 million 20 million 50 million

1

Homicide is what percent of all violent and property crime? 90% 50% 30% 4% 1%

1%

According to the early research of the 1940s and 1950s, about what percent of females were exclusively homosexual after adolescence? 0-1% 1-3 8-10 10-13 11-15

1-3

What was the first year that started the "baby boom" generation? 1941 1946 1956 1964 1970

1946

During what decade did the War on Poverty begin? 30s 50s 60s 80s 90s

1960s

Approximately how many people are arrested each year in the United States for drug possession? 1.4 million people 1.7 million people 2.1 million people 2.5 million people 2.7 million people

1.4 million people

In the US, an average black male will die about how many years before a white female? 1 2 4 10 19

10

About how much longer do gerontologists estimate we could live based on our genes? 3 years 5 years 10 years 20 years 25 years

10 years

About how many abortions result from teen pregnancies each year in the United States? 110,000 230,000 340,000 490,000 650,000

110000

What percent of US citizens were classified as poor by the US government as of 2017? 5% 12 25 35 42

12%

Violent crime accounts for ________ of all street crimes combined. 5-6% 12-14% 20-25% 30-35% 52-54%

12-14%

According to the early research of the 40s and 50s, about what percent of females had a same sex experience 87% 40 13 4 2

13%

When measuring literacy, at what age does the measurement begin? 6 7 9 15 24

15

Life expectancy in poor nations (men and women) is how many years less than wealthy countries? 3-5 7-10 18-20 28-35 35-40

18-20

The birth rate per 1,000 female teens is? 18.8 127.3 74.7 152.6 202.4

18.8

The Feminist Theory in sociology and other disciplines began in which decade? 50s 90s 20s 70s 1900s

1970s

The tobacco culture began to abate in the _____ as evidence mounted about the deaths and other serious health effects of tobacco use and second-hand smoke. 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s

1970s

How many people are in US prisons? 100000 500000 2 million 6 million 20 million

2 million

About how many grandparents are raising grandchildren in the U.S.? 200,000 500,000 1.2 million 2.7 million 4 million

2.7 million

What is the estimated percentage of whites that have some African American ancestry/ 80 40 20 10 5

20%

What percentages of African Americans are poor? 10% 21 37 47 57

21%

According to the survey mentioned in the text, about what percent of sociologists believe that homosexuality is due to biological factors? 89% 68 22 11 4

22%

About what percentage of women in the U.S. have had an abortion by the age of 45? 2% 12% 25% 33% 50%

25%

Approximately what percentage of families headed by a woman are living in poverty? 12% 19 25 62 89

25%

According to the text, how many states do not prohibit discrimination based on sexual orientation? 10 19 26 33 47

26%

Approximately what percentage of Latinxs are poor? 7% 18 27 44 55

27%

About what percent of the elderly live in nursing homes? 3% 11% 25% 33% 40%

3%

In Britain, the child poverty rate fell from what percent to what percent? 8 to 4 11 to 4 30 to 12 53 to 18 60 to 40

30 to 12

Using the twice-poverty threshold, approximately what percentage of US citizens can be considered poor? 20% 30 40 50 60

30%

What is the estimated percentage of African Americans that have some "white" ancestry? 0 10 30 50 100

30%

About what percent of the poor are under 18 years old? 2% 9 32 75 90

32%

About what percentage of Latinx and African American families have negative net worth 75% 45 33 10 5

33%

When the poverty level was first calculated in the 1950's, what percent of a family's income was estimated to be spent on food? 73% 50 33 20 13

33%

Without Social security, about what percentage of the elderly would be in poverty? 15% 20% 25% 36% 45%

36

According to early research of the 40s and 50s, about what percent of males had a same sex experience? 88% 37 11 9 4

37%

African Americans account for about what percent of all arrests for violent crime? 8.5% 13.5 19.5 37.5 80.5

37.5

According to the survey mentioned in the text, about what percent of sociologists believe that homosexuality is due to environmental factors? 49% 39 22 11 9

39%

What is the name of the largest interest group for the elderly? AABP AARP BAAR POST 65 ALL 65

AARP

Which of the following is a dimension of aging? psychological chronological biological social All of the above

All of the above

According to the table regarding prejudice and discrimination, which of the following practices both? Fair weather liberals Active Bigots Timid Bigots All weather liberals All of the above

Active bigots

On what continent is life expectancy the lowest? Europe North America Africa Australia South America

Africa

Which continent has the highest percent of poor people? South America North America Asia Africa Australia

Africa

Of the following groups of women over 65, which one has the highest rate of poverty? Hispanics African American White Asian Latinx

African American

Which of the following groups has the highest infant mortality rate? African American Asian Latinx Native American White

African American

Sexual harassment consists of unwelcome sexual advances requests for sexual favors physical conduct of a sexual nature that is used as a condition of employment physical conduct of a sexual nature that interferes with an individual's job performance all of the above

All of the above

The COVID-19 racial disparities can largely be attributed to structural racism. An example of this is that African American and Latinx populations are _______________ than white populations. More likely to live in poverty More likely to need public transportation More likely to work in places that don't allow home working or social distancing Less likely to have access to health care All of the above

All of the above

The news media convey the message that black people are more likely to be violent lazy less civic minded criminals All of the above

All of the above

The structural explanation of poverty blames what type of discrimination? Racial Ethnic Gender Gender Age All of the above

All of the above

What accounts for the gender gap in earnings? Socialization affects what jobs young men and women choose to pursue Men and women do not want to encounter difficulties they may experience if they take a job traditionally assigned to the other sex sex-segregated jobs discriminate against applicants who are not the right sex for the job All of the above none of the above

All of the above

What are the major ways to conduct research on social problems? Survey Experiments Qualitative Research Existing Data All of the above

All of the above

Which of the following are examples of functional aspects of social problems? Prison guards Police Prosecutors Detectives All of the above

All of the above

Which of the following are influences of poverty, based on modernization theory? Beliefs values practices culture All of the aboves

All of the above

Which of the following are legal regarding abortion regulations? 24 hour waiting period informed consent form parental consent limit state funds All of the above

All of the above

Which of the following are more likely to happen to teen mothers? early labor STD low birth weight anemia All of the above

All of the above

Which of the following does the modernist theory believe that Western Europeans did to get wealthy? Future orientation Rejected maintaining the status quo hard work new ways of thinking All of the above

All of the above

Which of the following explains why people ages 15-24 are overrepresented as perpetrators of crime? peer pressure lack of full-time jobs for most in this age range people in this age range are less tied to conventional norms the part of the brain which governs self-control is still developing at this time All of the above

All of the above

Which of the following institutions would be considered important to the functionalist? Family Church Education All of the above None of the above

All of the above

Which of the following is most indicative of the glass escalator effect Although men only account for 23% of public school teachers, they account for 45% of public school principals. Women are more likely than men to have greater parenting and family responsibilities Female human resources managers earn only 73% of what their male counterparts earn Social workers earn less money than probation officers, even though their skill levels are similar. All of the above

Although men only account for 23% of public school teachers, they account for 45% of public school principals.

A person's sex refers to Societal differences cultural differences anatomical differences all of the above none of the above

Anatomical differences

What is Tiger Woods dominant ancestry? Asian African American Native American White None of the above

Asian

What is Tiger Woods dominant ancestry? Asian African American Native American White none of the above

Asian

Which of the following groups has the highest percent of college educated individuals? White Asian African American Latinx Native American

Asian

Which of the following groups has the lowest median family income? African American White Latinx Asian Native American

Asian

Which group has the lowest teen pregnancy rate? Whites Asians Latinx Native Americans African Americans

Asians

The name of the sociologist who distinguished personal troubles and public issues is C Wright Mills Pamela Everhurst B F Skinner C Calhoun J A Allison

C Wright Mills

In what state is Three Strikes You're Out the most used? Ohio California New York Massachusetts Alabama

California

Using experiments in research is particularly good to determine Cause and Effect Randomness If large numbers are affected Detailed information If existing data is true

Cause and Effect

Using Experiments in research is particularly good to determine Cause and effect Randomness of a variable If large numbers of people are affected Detailed information about participants If existing data is still true

Cause and effect

Recent anthropological evidence Challenges the evolutionary argument that men's tendency to commit violence was biologically transmitted supports the argument that the more aggressive prehistoric male was more likely to produce offspring supports the evolutionary argument that men with higher levels of testosterone demonstrate increased violence All of the above none of the bove

Challenges the evolutionary argument that men's tendency to commit violence was biologically transmitted

The social disorganization theory originated by studies of people in what city? New York Chicago Baltimore Los Angeles Detroit

Chicago

Which ethnic group was the subject of the congressional act that prohibited their immigration in 1882? Japanese Italian Egyptian Chinese Mexican

Chinese

A current example of a problem with serious consequences that is mentioned in the text is flooding earthquakes fires climate change poverty

Climate Change

Feminist Theory is considered a part of which of the three major theories? Functionalism Symbolic Interactionism Conflict a and c a and b

Conflict

Which of the following is false regarding the impact of COVID-19 on crime and the criminal justice system? Crime rates increased after the pandemic began in early 2020. The close physical contact that police have with other officers and with members of the public contributed to higher than normal rates of COVID-19 among police officers, compared to the general public. Because of severe overcrowding, poor health care, and other conditions in prisons and jails, the rate of COVID-19 among the incarcerated population was relatively high. To reduce COVID-19 infections, many jurisdictions released low-level offenders from their jails and prisons. All of the above are true.

Crime rates increased after the pandemic began in early 2020

Which of the following would NOT be a way to improve the living standards for the elderly? increase Social security benefits increase Medicare benefits increase Medicaid benefits decrease the minimum wage more flex-hour jobs

Decrease the minimum wage

Crime and delinquency that result from social interaction is part of which theory of crime? Social Bonding Differential Association Anomie Labeling Conflict

Differential Association

Comparing prejudice among men and women, which is true? Equally prejudiced men a little more women a little more women a lot more men a lot more

Equally prejudiced

A popular version of the Group Threat theory is called Have vs have not Ethnic competition blue collar scraps and scrapping none of the above

Ethnic competition theory

The discipline of sociology began on what continent? North America South America Europe Asia Australia

Europe

What is the major downside of a face-to-face survey? Expensive Inaccuracy Too much detail Length Few Participants

Expensive

Who publishes the Uniform Crime Reports? US Census FBI Homeland Security State Police Attorney General

FBI

What is the first step in the scientific method process? Test data gather data Formulate hypothesis Draw conclusions present result

Formulate Hypothesis

Functionalism grew out of what two major revolutions? French and American French and Industrial Russian and French English and French American and Industrial

French and Industrial

Who was the major collaborator of Karl Marx? Joseph Stalin Vladimir Lenin Joseph Schumpeter Igor Martin Friedrich Engels

Friedrich Engels

Shaking hands is normally considered a gesture of __________________ Distaste Friendship Acceptance Dislike Neutrality

Friendship

Gradual change in society is preferred by which type of sociological theory? Functionalism Conflict Symbolic Interactionism a and b b and c

Functionalism

In what theory is there a belief that prostitution may lower the divorce rate? Conflict Functionalism Feminist Symbolic Interactionism All of the above

Functionalism

The belief that society must compensate skilled workers more than non-skilled is primarily a part of which theory? Functionalist Symbolic Interaction Conflict a and c b and c

Functionalist

Which of the following theories would consider a bank robbery to have positive aspects? Conflict and Functionalist Symbolic and Functionalist Conflict Functionalist Symbolic

Functionalist Theory

Which of the following groups has been systematically discriminated against in donating blood, even though some—though not all—of the restrictions were lifted during the COVID-19 pandemic? lesbians and bisexual women who have had sex with other women gay and bisexual men who have had sex with other men heterosexual men who have had sex with multiple partners heterosexual women who have had sex with multiple partners a person of any sexual orientation who has had sex with multiple partners in the past twelve months

Gay and bisexual men who have had sex with other men

____________ is/are the social and cultural differences a society assigns to people based on their biological sex. Gender Gender identity Gender role Masculinity and femininity Socialization

Gender

______________ is/are a society's expectations of people's behavior and attitudes based on whether they are females or males Masculinity and femininity Gender Gender identity Gender roles Socialization

Gender roles

The anthropologist who studied almost 200 preindustrial societies and who created the Standard Cross-cultural sample is Richard Leakey Ashley Montague James D Tabor Noam Chomsky George Murdock

George Murdock

What was the name of the man who shot and killed Trayvon Martin in 2012? Joe Burke George Zimmerman Nathaniel Law Lawrence Sullivan William Gateland

George Zimmerman

Which of these countries has the highest percentage of people over 65? Uganda Germany Tunisia Mali Madagascar

Germany

The _________ is/are a progressive activist group of the elderly, founded by Maggie Kuhn in 1970 AARP Gray Panthers Black Panthers Continuous Care Retirement Community UN Commission on the Elderly

Gray Panthers

Who wrote the 1944 book: An American Dilemma: The Negro Problem and Modern Democracy? Franklin Trout Booker T Washington Gunnar Myrdal John Hope Franklin Steven James

Gunnar Myrdal

Which disease of the 1980's reversed some of the sexual revolution of the 1960's? pneumonia diabetes HIV cancer syphilis

HIV

What is the major disadvantage of the observation research method? Randomness Rich in detail Hard to generalize Expensive Many people can't be included

Hard to generalize

What Act banned the manufacture, sale, and use of opium (except for use with a physician's prescription)? The Prescription Marketing Drug Act Biologics Control Act Food and Drugs Act Harrison Narcotics Act Kefauver-Harris Drug Act

Harrison Narcotics Act

The conflict theory of poverty is summed up as a battle of haves and have nots middle and lower class upper and middle class men and women Europeans and Non-Europeans

Haves and have nots

Which of the following statements is NOT true about heroin? Heroin is extremely physiologically addictive. Heroin does not damage the body organs. Users of heroin typically take heroin into their boy by injecting it into a vein. Heroin use is uncommon. Heroin use produces a feeling of euphoria.

Heroin does not damage the body organs

Higher levels of education are associated with higher levels of alcohol use and lower levels of tobacco use. higher levels of alcohol use and higher levels of tobacco use. lower levels of tobacco use and lower levels of alcohol use. All of these None of these

Higher levels of alcohol use and lower levels of tobacco use

Conflict theory believes that the elderly experience prejudice because of all the following EXCEPT: lower incomes higher health care costs higher productivity drive down profits job seniority

Higher productivity

Conflict theory believes that the elderly experience prejudice because of all the following except Lower income higher health care costs higher productivity drive down profits job seniority

Higher productivity

The US teenage birth rate remains the _______ of all western democracies

Highest

Which of the following is an example of a former colony that is prospering? Taiwan Hong Kong South Africa Sudan Cuba

Hong Kong

Another name for a prostitute that was also the name of a Civil War general is: Hooker Grant Lee Sherman Sheridan

Hooker

Which part of the brain is subject to research regarding the origins of homosexuality? frontal lobe hypothalamus cortex parietal lobe cerebellum

Hypothalamus

To determine how much genetics affect sexual orientation, which of the following groups have been studies the most? brothers sisters identical twins intermarried families large families

Identical twins

When the media shows violent crimes first on the news, this is sometimes called? heads watch heads that roll bleeding is succeeding if it bleeds, it leads crime pays violence first

If it bleeds, it succeeds

Social distance measures individuals' feelings about social level a person is in society how an individual feels about their place in society how far they live from a city interacting with members of other races how far they have advanced since high school

Interacting with members of other races

The labeling theory of crime causation is considered part of which major perspective? Interactionist Functional Conflict Anomie Feminist

Interactionist

Which of the following is true regarding labeling theory? It comes from the functionalist perspective. It supports the practices of quick arrests and harsh punishments. It is generally in line with the criminal justice system in the U.S. It assumes that labeling someone as a criminal or deviant makes the person more likely to continue to offend. All of the above

It assumes that labeling someone as a criminal or deviant makes the person more likely to continue to offend.

Which of the following is NOT an argument for rejecting the Bible's position regarding homosexuality? There are translation issues It is God's word There are contradictory passages The penalties are very extreme None of the above

It is God's word

Which of the following is NOT true about cocaine? It is made from coca plants grown in South America. Cocaine use has declined since the 1970s and 1980s. It is physiologically addictive. Cocaine is a stimulant. Cocaine use is considered rare in percentage terms.

It is physiologically addictive

Which of the following is NOT true about symbolic interactionism? It stresses the negative effects of social inequality and the efforts of the elites at the top of society's hierarchy to maintain their position. It focuses on the interaction of individuals and on how they interpret their interaction. It views social problems as arising from the interaction of individuals. It understands drug use as a behavior arising from an individual's interaction with people who engage in drug use. The effects of a drug are interpreted as enjoyable because of social interaction.

It stresses the negative effects of social inequality and the efforts of the elites at the top of society's hierarchy to maintain their position.

What is the main reason, according to many scholars, the US neglects its poor? The US doesn't have resources It's the poor's own fault There is an ignorance about poverty Most Americans have have never experienced poverty or near All of the above

It's the poor's own fault

What was the name of the grocer who was the first to sell coffee in a paper bag? John Arbuckle Ken Cola William Demello Frederick Mobley Elijah Whittaker

John Arbuckle

Which US president appointed the 1968 commission to study the causes of the urban riots? Kennedy Carter Ford Johnson Nixon

Johnson

Radical Theory of crime brings which person to mind? John F. Kennedy Karl Marx Abe Lincoln Muhammad Ali Booker T. Washington

Karl Marx

What was the name of the famous sex researcher of the 1940s and 50s who carried out the first notable attempt to estimate the number of gays and lesbians? Harris Jones Kinsey Burns Smith

Kinsey

Which of these is NOT an example of a narcotic? LSD codeine heroin methadone morphine

LSD

Where do most experiments take place? Field Lab Home Office None of the above

Lab

To be considered a social problem, typically how many people must be affected? Over 100 At least a dozen Large numbers Over a handful 5000 or more

Large numbers

What was the Supreme Court case that legalized same sex relationships? Boylston v powers Harwood v Pearson Lawrence v Texas Omaha v Sullivan Harvard v US government

Lawrence v Texas

The US poverty rate has increased due to the US government cutting back on its commitment to poverty and reduction AND what other major reason? Loss of educational opportunities Fewer affordable homes Loss of well paying manufacturing jobs increased population Decline in wealth

Loss of well paying manufacturing jobs

COVID-19 influenced poverty in many ways. Which of the following is NOT one of those ways? Hunger worsened in the US Low-income Americans contracted and died at higher rates Many more jobs were created, lowering unemployment The virus led to an increase in poverty rates Crowded living conditions, high risk

Many more jobs were created, lowering unemployment

Which federal Act banned the use of marijuana? Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act Drug Policy Controlled Substances Act The Pure Food and Drug Act Harrison Tax Act Marijuana Tax Act

Marijuana Tax Act

Which is NOT true about the Netherlands once they decriminalized drugs in 1976? Marijuana use in the Netherlands dropped in the immediate years after it was decriminalized. Marijuana use in the Netherlands rose only slightly in the immediate years after it was decriminalized. Marijuana use in the Netherlands has gradually increased in the recent past, but only slightly. Marijuana use in the Netherlands is much lower than in the United States. Use of hard drugs (cocaine, heroin, etc.) and large quantities of marijuana still face criminal penalties in the Netherlands.

Marijuana use in the Netherlands rose only slightly in the immediate years after it was decriminalized.

Which of the following is true regarding gender differences in sexual behavior among people ages 18-24? Men are much more sexually active than women. Men are more likely than women to have had same-sex contact. Men are more likely than women to have had multiple opposite-sex partners. a and b a, b, and c

Men are more likely than women to have had multiple opposite-sex partners

Which of the following is NOT true for men, when compared to women? Men suffer a high rate of violent victimization Men live longer than women Men are injured more Men miss out on the joy of parenting All of the above are true for men

Men live longer than women

Which region of the US has the second lowest percentage of poor people? North Northeast South West Midwest

Midwest

Which native Americans recognize four genders? Mahican Mayan Menominee Mohave Montauk

Mohave

Worldwide, how many women annually die from complications during pregnancy or childbirth? more than 100000 more than 300000 more than 750000 more than one million more than two million

More than 300000

Over the past decade public views towards homosexuality have become somewhat more tolerant somewhat less tolerant stayed the same much less tolerant much more tolerant

Much more tolerant

The belief that women of color are oppressed not only because of their gender but also because of their race and class is known as radical feminism multicultural feminism liberal feminism socialist feminism conservative feminism

Multicultural feminism

Which area of the United States has the lowest poverty rate? North South West Midwest Northeast

Northeast

Which part of the United States has the highest teen pregnancy rate? North and Northwest South and Southwest East and Midwest Northwest and Midwest Midwest and Southwest

Northwest and Midwest

What is the overriding principle of scientific research called? Fundamentalism Subjectivity Quantitatively Objectivity Randomness

Objectivity

Activity theory of aging believes which of the following? Older people experience much prejudice older people should leave the work force as soon as possible it's crucial that old people have positive reinforcement older people benefit society by continuing to work older people experience much prejudice

Older people benefit society by continuing to work

Conflict Theory of aging would believe which of the following? Older people should leave the work force as soon as possible. Older people should remain in the work force as long as possible. Older people benefit society by continuing to work. It's crucial that old people have positive reinforcement. Older people experience much prejudice.

Older people experience much prejudice

Disengagement theory would believe which of the following? Older people benefit society by continuing to work. Older people should leave the work force as soon as possible. Older people should remain in the work force as long as possible. Older people experience much prejudice. It's crucial that old people have positive reinforcement.

Older people should leave the work force as soon as possible

According to a 2012 World health organization survey, how many women have been raped or beaten worldwide? one-tenth one-fourth one-third one-fifth one-half

One-third

Which movie about a prostitute is cited as an example of Symbolic Interactionism? Lolita Pretty Woman Ivanhoe Legally Blonde Woodstock

Pretty Woman

What was the name of the unsafe Ford automobile that resulted in about 500 deaths? Taurus Skylark Pinto Impala Galaxy

Pinto

What 1992 U.S. Supreme Court case allowed states to ban abortions after the twenty-second week? Holmes v. Post Puma v. Schubert Oregon v. White Planned Parenthood v. Casey Roe v. Wade

Planned Parenthood v. Casey

_________ has increased due to the internet. Pornography Prostitution Teen pregnancy All of these None of these

Pornography

In April of 2020, a majority of respondents in a national survey thought that President Trump was too slow... President Trump was too quick... President Trump was effective... Unsure None of the Above

President Trump was too slow to take major steps in addressing the coronavirus.

Which area of the United States has the highest poverty rate? North South West Midwest Northeast

South

Which of the following does the authors NOT recommend? Provide legally prescribed heroin and/or other substitute opiates, including methadone, for heroin addicts. Base drug sentencing less on quantity of illegal drugs sold and more on of violence in which some drug sellers engage. Increase funding of DARE. Provide drug addicts small cash payments for clean drug tests. Raise alcohol taxes.

Provide drug addicts small cash payments for clean drug tests.

Which of the following does the authors NOT recommend? Provide legally prescribed heroin and/or other substitute opiates, including methadone, for heroin addicts. Base drug sentencing less on quantity of illegal drugs sold and more on the level of violence in which some drug sellers engage. Increase funding of DARE. Provide drug addicts small cash payments for clean drug tests. Raise alcohol taxes.

Provide drug addicts small cash payments for clean drug tests.

Experiments are used frequently in which social science discipline? History Government Psychology English Economics

Psychology

Large-scale unemployment in early 2020, as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, illustrates what Mills referred to as a Personal trouble Public Issue Subjective concern Objective concern None of the above

Public Issue

When people apply for a home loan, the law forbids consideration of

Race

The belief that patriarchy lies at the root of women's oppression and therefore must be abolished if women are to be equal is known as radical feminism multicultural feminism liberal feminism socialist feminism conservative feminism

Radical feminism

Rejecting a home loan because of where the poverty is located is also called which of the following? restricting redlining hustling boxing triangulating

Redlining

Which of the following are NOT in the suggestions to reduce poverty? Reduce tariffs between notions adopt a full employment program increase federal aid to the poor reduce teenage pregnancies reduce residential segregation

Reduce tariffs between nations

A major US Supreme Court decision regarding a medical school was called Regents v. U of California U Mass v Dartmouth Holly v Harvard Michigan v US Montana v montana

Regents v U of California

Patriarchy is defined as relating to the head of the family relating to fatherland relating to hereditary traits relating to male domination relating to fatherhood

Relating to male domination

What was the name of the US Supreme Court case that legalized abortion? Woods v. Wade Hannity v. Nixon Burr v. NY Roe v. Wade Smith v. Kansas

Roe v. Wade

What does the word bourgeoisie mean? Ruling Class Working Class Government Officials Poor People Foreigners

Ruling Class

Which American city was the first to ban the sale of opium? New York Boston San Francisco Chicago Atlanta

San Francisco

The Family Acceptance Project (FAP), focused on LGBTQ issues, is at what college? San Francisco State Notre Dame Brigham Young Boston College Yeshiva

San Francisco State

What is a major advantage of using existing data to do research? Details about lots of people Always available Randomness Saves time Recentness

Saves times

Another name for frustration theory Scapegoat theory sad sack theory good cop, bad cop woe is me blame the victim

Scapegoat theory

Which of the following is NOT a critique of the evolutionary explanation of gender? There was greater gender variation in prehistoric times than the evolutionary explanation assumes Biological differences which may have influenced gender roles in prehistoric times are largely irrelevant now human environments have been too diverse to allow a simple explanation based on biology Sex characteristics are the same throughout all societies

Sex characteristics are the same throughout all societies

Cocaine use was popular in the 19th century thanks in part to the enthusiastic claims by American physicians and what famous psychologist? Alfred Adler Sigmund Freud Erik Erikson Erich Fromm Carl Jung

Sigmund Freud

Which of the following would be considered a major assumption of the Functionalism Theory in sociology? Society has pervasive inequality. Far reaching change is needed. Social stability is necessary for a strong society. People construct their roles as they act. Symbols define interactions

Social Stability is necessary for a strong society

Activity theory is also closely tied to what theory discussed in Chapter One? conflict social interactionist functionalist developmentalist

Social interactionist

Activity theory is also closely tied to what theory discussed in Chapter One? conflict social interactionist functionalist developmentalist fundamentalist

Social interactionist

People who become prejudiced because they are conforming to society's norms are examples of authoritarian theory abusive parents theory genetic theory ethnic theory social learning theory

Social learning theory

The belief that gender equality can result only if fundamental changes in social institutions, and even a socialist revolution is known as radical feminism multicultural feminism liberal feminism socialist feminism conservative feminism

Socialist Feminism

The term that refers to people learning the rules of society is Normalization Indoctrination Adherence Socialization Domination

Socialization

Some things defined as social problems today haven't always been perceived that way in the past and vice versa. This statement suggests that social problems are A matter of personal opinion Fixed and unchanging Socially-constructed Purely objective situations Unimportant

Socially Constructed

The term used to appreciate the structural basis for individual problems is called which of the following? Imperative Thinking Sociological Imagination Implied reasoning Contrary opinion Cognitive dissonance

Sociological immagination

Some people say that prejudice is higher today in what part of the US? West East North South Midwest

South

Prejudice and racism are usually based on which of the following? observation analysis stereotypes research teachings

Stereotypes

Emerging Research shows that poverty affects cognitive abilities due to the increase in which of the following? Ill health Obesity accidents stress parental abuse

Stress

The perception that there is a social problem points to what aspect of the definition of a social problem? Objective Subjective Intrinsic Material Optimistic

Subjective

Which of the following is NOT true? Significant numbers of nearly every society on earth have used one or more drugs to achieve certain desired physical or mental states. Drugs come close to being a universal worldwide. Drugs come close to being a universal throughout history. Humans have been ingesting drugs for thousands of years. The use of mind-altering plants is a modern phenomenon.

The use of mind-altering plants is a modern phenomenon

Which of the following is not true regarding women They are more likely to be sexually assaulted They are more likely to be victims of pornographic violence They are more likely to be victims of domestic violence They are more likely to be victims of violence of all kinds They are more likely to be victims of crime simply because they are women.

They are more likely to be victims of violence of all kinds

Which of the following positions is NOT held by LEAP? They are against drug use. They believe most of the problems associated with illegal drug use are actually the result of the laws against drugs. They criticize the violence resulting from the laws against drugs. They believe the drug problem is best understood as a legal problem. They support legalization of drugs.

They believe the drug problem is best understood as a legal problem.

According to the text, which of the following is not true of teachers at all levels? They tend to give boys higher marks for similar work performed by girls They tend to praise boys more than girls for the right answer They tend to call on boys more often They tend to give boys more feedback about assignments they tend to give boys more feedback about their schoolwork

They tend to give boys higher marks for similar work performed by girls

Which of the following would be an example of a societal explanation for why women have eating disorders? Not enough exercise Fatty foods Too much TV Thin women are admired All of the above

Thin Women are admired

Which of the following is a major disadvantage of administering a survey? Not enough subjects Inexpensive Repetitive Questions are confusing Time consuming

Time consuming

The white owner of a restaurant who serves people of color only because he is afraid of being sued is Timid bigot active bigot all weather liberal fair weather liberal none of the above

Timid bigot

Which of the following is NOT true when boys are compared to girls? Boys are more likely to be diagnosed with emotional disorders to be diagnosed with learning diabilities to be diagnosed with attention deficit disorder to have lower intelligence to commit suicide

To have lower intelligence

A key question about race is whether it is more of a biological category or a social category

True

A primary concern about people dealing with alcoholism during the COVID-19 pandemic was the limited access to Alcoholics Anonymous meetings and other support groups, due to social distancing.

True

A major source of existing data used by sociologists all over the world is from which of the following? New York Major league baseball The New York Times Major league soccer US Cencus

US Cencus

Who administers the Nation Crime Victimization Survey? Ford Foundation Vanderbilt University US Department of Justice local police District of Columbia

US department of justice

The discussion about medical care described how medical doctors frequently recommend less care for African Americans. The authors suggested that these doctors might be racially biased and not know it. Another term for this is Caucasian bias Unconscious bias seminal bias unknown bias institutional bias

Unconscious bias

A sociological imagination encourages us to Only focus on solutions, not problems Understand social problems from a structural perspective View problems from a personal perspective Change personality to change society Disregard individual roles

Understand social problems form a structural perspective

The country with the highest incarceration rate is? Vietnam China Italy United States Bulgaria

United States

Which country among Western nations has the highest teen birth rate? Iceland Denmark France United States Italy

United States

How is GDP per capita calculated? Total personal income divided by total population Value of goods and services divided by population Value of goods and services divided by pop over 18 Population divided by personal wealth Wealth divided by population

Value of goods and services divided by population

According to sociologist, William Ryan, whom do most Americans blame for poverty and unemployment? Victims Society Government Foreigners None of the above

Victims

Which of the following is an example of dependency theory? Europeans stole poor nations resources Europeans enslaved the poor nations people Wealthy nations now sell their goods to poor nations Wealthy nations have settled their historical debts to poor Wealthy nations installed governments in poor countries

Wealthy nations have settled their historical debts to poor.

What race has the most people living in poverty? African American Latinx Asian White Native American

White

When older people retire, they are more likely to: travel to foreign countries withdraw from social interaction start new hobbies stop saving money remove their savings from local banks

Withdraw from social interaction

Which of the following is NOT true? Women are more likely than men to use prescription drugs for nonmedical reasons. Men are more likely than women to use alcohol. Women are more likely than men to use tobacco. Men are more likely than women to engage in binge drinking. Men are more likely than women to use illegal drugs.

Women are more likely than men to use tobacco

Which of the following is an example of a symbol? Thoughts Laws Words and gestures theories All of the above

Words and gestures

Jim Crow racism is also called Old fashioned racism Traditional racism Nouveau racism a and b b and c

a and b

Life expectancy in the U.S. took a slight dip after 2014, due to which of the following? deaths from opioids deaths from suicides higher birth rates a and b All of the above

a and b

Much of today's focus of white-collar fraud looks at which professions? doctors attorneys government officials a and b b and c

a and b

Which of the following takes place in media reports of crime? an overrepresentation of people of color as perpetrators of crime an overrepresentation of white people as victims an overrepresentation of white people as perpetrators of crime a and b b and c

a and b

Why do women's jobs pay less than men's jobs? Women's care giving responsibilities Sex discrimination their jobs are not as important and require less skills a and b b and c

a and b

Anthropological research finds a good deal of variation in gender roles for certain tasks, including generating fires fetching water milking a and b a and c

a and c

Drug courts sentence drug offenders to drug treatment. are less effective than imprisonment in reducing the offenders' drug habit. save money compared to imprisoning drug offenders. a and c b and c

a and c

Sociologists have concluded that gender-role socialization stems form practices by adults children's own activities with adult involvement children's own activities without adult involvement a and b a and c

a and c

Approximately what percent of the U.S. public drink currently (defined as having had at least one drink in the past month)? about 10% between 20-25% a little more than 50% between 70-75% just over 90%

a little more than 50%

Even though abortion is legal in the U.S., which of the following restrictions exists in the majority of states (as of 2019)? prohibition of use of state funds unless the mother's life is in danger or pregnancy resulted from rape or incest a waiting period between receiving counseling and the time of abortion consent from one or both parents of a minor who is seeking an abortion a and b a, b, and c

a, b, and c

Approximately what percentage of children has lived with an alcoholic? about 10% about 20% about 30% about 40% about 50%

about 10%

What percentage of people are current illegal drug users? about 5% about 11% about 22% about 33% about 44%

about 11%

Among those between the ages of 18-25, what percentage engages in binge drinking? about 17% about 27% about 37% about 47% about 57%

about 37%

Which of the following is true regarding oral sex behavior of people between the ages of 15-24? very few engage in practice many more men than women involved many more women than men involved about 75% of men and women involved almost 100% of men and women involved

about 75% of men and women involved

According to the text, which of the following theories of aging do most social gerontologists agree with the most? conflict functionalist disengagement activity None of the above

activity

Which of the following would NOT be considered a consensual crime? smoking pot gambling assault prostitution pornography

assault

Which one of the following would NOT be a larceny? assault shoplifting pick-pocketing purse snatching None of the above

assault

What percentage of US women will experience a rape or sexual assault, including attempts, at least once in their lives? at least one-sixth at least one-fifth at least one-fourth at least one-third at least one-half

at least one-third

Jim Crow racism has been replaced by Invisible racism Laissez-faire racism Symbolic racism a and b b and c

b and c

The United nations' gender empowerment measure gauges women's involvement in their nation's social institutions economic life political life a and b b and c

b and c

Which of these describes the glass escalator? It represents an invisible barrier to men's advancement in the corporate world It applies especially in occupations primarily filled by women It represents the relative ease afforded men from promotion within the workplace a and b b and c

b and c

Approximately what percent of the U.S. public use tobacco (defined as smoking at least once during the past month)? about 10% between 20-25% a little more than 50% between 70-75% just over 90%

between 20-25%

The public supports abortion in some cases, EXCEPT for: women's physical health is endangered defect in the fetus rape cannot afford incest

cannot afford

Someone who scales tall buildings to steal is called a: fool cat burglar sliding thief window thief rope thief

cat burglar

What illegal drug produces a high that is considered more pleasurable than any other drug? marijuana heroin cocaine hashish LSD

cocaine

Drugs that slow down the activity of the central nervous system, depending on the specific drug, help induce drowsiness and relaxation, and can reduce anxiety and pain are called: narcotics hallucinogens depressants stimulants All of the above

depressants

Regarding the gays in the military policy, what does the acronym DADT stand for? dads and dads talking develop answers, don't talk don't ask, don't tell discover all deliver them don't allow, don't tell

don't ask, don't tell

The social disorganization theory of crime does NOT include which of the following? single-parent families population density poverty education residential mobility

education

Which of the following is NOT a recommendation of social scientists for reducing racial inequality? Strength efforts to reduce residential segregation Strengthen efforts to reduce teen pregnancy Improve schools that poor children attend and improve schooling they receive eliminate affirmative action programs Strengthen legal enforcement of laws

eliminate affirmative action programs

Which of the following is true regarding same sex behavior of people between the ages of 18-24? males much more likely males slightly more likely male and female about the same likelihood females slightly more likely females much more likely

females are much more likely

Cultural expectations of girls and women, including gentleness and attractiveness is known as gender gender identity gender role femininity feminism

femininity

Which of the following is NOT a reason given for the declining crime rate? strong economy fewer men fewer 15-25 year olds ebbing of gang wars over drug trafficking All of these are given as reasons

fewer men

Heavy drinking is defined as binge drinking on (at least) five days in the past month. ten days in the past month. fifteen days in the past month. twenty days in the past month. every day in the past month.

five days in the past month

Where is the US ranked according to the gender empowerment measure? first eighteenth twenty-fifth forty-first fifty-second

forty-first

The hippie of the 1960's emphasized: free love free condoms free pot free college free drugs

free love

Regarding religion and the number of sexual partners a person has had in the past five years, which of the following is NOT true? more religious results in fewer partners less religious results in more partners less religious results in fewer partners data is inconclusive religiosity has no impact on number of sexual partners

less religious results in fewer partners

Of all the problems that occur after losing a spouse, which one is the biggest? financial loss loneliness lack of travel companion children's bereavement All of the above

loneliness

The most popular illegal drug in the United States is: LSD PCP marijuana cocaine methadone

marijuana

What is a "second-chance home"? home for repeat offenders maternity group home halfway house probation Home parole house

maternity group home

Which one of the following was NOT mentioned as a cause of premature death in Africa? starvation AIDS measles infant mortality childhood mortality

measles

Up until the 1960s what was virtually the only reason abortions were allowed? mother's life was in jeopardy incest under 18-years-old unmarried mother father was not known

mother's life was in jeapardy

Compared to their grandparents, the financial health of most elderly is? slightly worse a great deal worse same slightly better much better

much better

The Catholic Church believes that abortion is allowable at times. allowed if the baby is deformed. allowed if the mother is not married. allowed when incest occurs. murder.

murder

Drugs derived from opium that slow down the central nervous system, relieve pain, and induce drowsiness, euphoria, and relaxation are called: narcotics hallucinogens depressants stimulants All of the above

narcotics

Which of the following would NOT be considered an intimate partner? spouse neighbor ex-spouse former partner current partner

neighbor

Which of the following is NOT an influence on social bonding theory? religion schools family school activities newspapers

newspapers

Which of the following is NOT a reason teens give for not having sexual intercourse? fear of pregnancy fear of STD's religious beliefs no opportunity not right person

no opportunity

The most typical homicide scenario is? strangers shooting each other non strangers strangling each other non strangers shooting each other non strangers knifing each other strangers strangling each other

non strangers shooting each other

Which of the following is true regarding support for legal abortions? women are more likely than men to support non-religious people are more likely to support than religious people political moderates are more likely to support than liberals those with lower educational levels are more likely to support than college graduates people in the South are more likely to support than people in other regions of the U.S.

non-religious people are more likely to support than religious people

The perception of aging in the United States is: positive not positive colorful romantic neutral

not positive

Which of the following is identified as a critical problem according to the disengagement theory of aging? younger people are not able older people are not capable younger people not interested in moving up older people want to leave older people are not really old until 80

older people are not capable

Street-walking accounts for about ________ of prostitution. one-half one-third two-thirds one-fifth almost all

one-fifth

In the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic, a little more than _______ of the deaths from the virus were of people aged 75 or older, even though they accounted for less than 7 percent of the population. one-fourth one-third one-half two-thirds three-fourths

one-half

According to the General Social Survey, about what percent agree with the statement: it is much better for everyone involved if the man is the achiever outside the home and the woman takes care of the home and family One-tenth one-fifth one-fourth one-third one-half

one-third

Which of the following will probably NOT result in successful aging? walking frequently attending nutrition classes socializing with friends playing solitaire (cards) attending church

playing solitaire

When a defendant agrees to say they are guilty, this is called? self incrimination making a deal truth telling plea bargaining shake down

plea bargaining

The first line of defense against crime is? courts National Guard police state troopers Army

police

What is the Brazilian word for a person who is solely of African Ancestry/ negro black preto branco pullito

preto

The public health approach to reduce crime focuses on which of the following? prevention penalties fines prison time None of the above

prevention

What is the phrase "the world's oldest profession" referring to? gambling stealing forgery prostitution drug dealing

prostitution

The poor are provided lawyers at public expense who are called: prosecutors district attorneys public defenders pro bono lawyers cross examiners

public defenders

In East Orange, NJ, 70% of children are eligible for free or reduced lunch during the school year. Yet, because of under-funding and the logistical difficulties of distributing meals in the summer, ________________ of the children who qualified were not receiving meals in the summer of 2019. half one-third one-fourth one-tenth six-sevenths

six-sevenths

Which of the following biological changes DOES NOT usually happen to the elderly? grey hair wrinkles hairlines recede talk faster put on weight

talk faster

Prescription drug sales amount to half a billion annually. one billion annually. five billion annually. ten billion annually. tens of billions annually.

tens of billions annually

What is NOT an example of a prevention program for persons with drug problems? DARE drug testing public-service advertising the Betty Ford Center distribution of drug pamphlets

the Betty Ford Center

What does the term "social aging" mean? looking older the changes in roles that occur as people age slowing down forgetting things None of the above

the changes in roles that occur as people age