Chapter 9 (Assessment of Intelligence)

Gardner

(8 types of intelligence and are independent from on another)

Sternberg

(componential- executive function, performance, and knowledge-acquisition components. These components are necessary to develop intelligent behavior, experiential- results from behavior and experiences and contextual- involves one's actions toward the environment, including selecting, adapting to, and influencing one's surroundings)

cattell-horn-carroll

(fluid- ability to be adaptable and flexible in solving problems, independent of previous knowledge and crystallized intelligence- ability to solve problems and make decisions on the basis of acquired knowledge, experiences, and verbal conceptualizations)

spearman

(g and s factor-focused more on general factor of intelligence)

thurstone

(seven factors of intelligence- word verbal comprehension, word fluency, numerical ability, spatial visualization , associative memory , perceptual speed, and reasoning)

Das Naglieri cog. Assessment system

13 subtests, yielding 4 scales (Planning, Attention, SImulaneous, and Successive [PASS])

Adult (WAIS-IV)

15 subtests, measuring fluid and crystalized intelligence (g factor of intelligence). Strong internal consistency (test-retest reliability, interrater reliability)

Theories When did interest of intelligence start?

1800s

giftedness and creativity Approximately what percentage of school-age individuals demonstrate high ability, performance, achievement, and/or creativity?

3% to 5%

Gardner's multiple intelligences

8 types of intelligence that are independent from one another

What are some of the factors affecting gifted students? How might a client's cultural makeup impact the way in which counselors conceptualize and intervene with giftedness?

Academic, interpersonal, and familial challenges. minority individuals are underrepresented in gifted classes, gifted students may be seen similar as non-gifted students, lack of referral and attention to minority status students

2) All of the following are considered major intelligence theorists except: a. Binet b. Wood c. Sternberg d. Cattel

B) wood

test your knowledge 1) Which of the following is typically not considered a traditional definition of intelligence? a. Capacity to learn b. Ability to apply knowledge to new tasks c. Having interpersonal d. Ability to adapt to an environment knowledge

C) having interpersonal

Group intelligence tests for school use

Cog. Abilities test Test of cognitive skills Otis-lennon school ability test

Wundt, Galton and Cattell drew their inspiration from who?

Darwin's writing on genetic variation

What has the ration IQ been replaced with?

Derived IQ standard score (deviation IQ)

4)IQ remains stable over an individual's lifetime. (t/f)

False

Giftedness is often seen as special needs education. (t/f)

False- giftedness is not seen as special needs and thus counselors may not provide specific attention to gifted students

Group tests are identified as intelligence tests. (f/t)

False-described as mental maturity, cognitive ability, school ability, or academic ability

Fluid and crystallized intelligence

Fluid: ability to be adaptable and flexible in solving new problems, independent of previous knowledge (abstract/visual reasoning) Crystallized: ability to solve problems and make decisions on the basis of acquired knowledge, experiences, and verbal conceptualizations, result of experiential and cultural learning through lifetime (verbal and quantitative reasoning) Crystallized intelligence can be mediated by fluid intelligence

What must counselors, especially those in school settings, do when working with gifted students?

Help them master a variety of social and academic skills

kaufman batteries

KABC-II and KAIT

1916

Lewis Terman (Stanford-Binet)

Counselors often lack_ and _ to use these instruments?

Resources, training

Other group intelligence tests: used in wider range of settings

Shipley institute of living scale Wonderlic personnel test and Scholastic level exam Multidimensional aptitude battery

Review questions What are the major theories of intelligence?

Spearman's g factor, Thurstone's primary mental abilities, Cattell-Horn-Carroll theory of cognitive abilities, Sternberg's triarchic theory, and Gardner's multiple intelligences

5)Individuals of minority statuses are underrepresented in gifted education.(t/f)

True

what is the WAIS for children called?

WISC-V

How do the Wechsler scales compare with the Stanford-Binet?

Wechsler scales were developed to be more suitable for adults

weaknesses of WAIS-IV

administration, scoring and interpretation are labor intensive AND focuses on "left-brain" intelligences from work/school settings

3)The following intelligence assessment is designed specifically for use with children: a. WAIS-IV b. KABC-II c. WPT d. SB5

b. KABC-II (Kaufman assessment battery for children)

Sternberg's triarchic theory

based on how well ppl process info, 3 types of intelligence

Wonderlic personnel test and Scholastic level exam

been subject of various court cases in which its use was declared not legitimate when testing procedures resulting in denying fair opportunities to prospective minority employees.

Sternberg's 3 types of intelligence

componential, experiential, contextual

disadvantages of individual intelligence tests

costs (time and money, extensive training required for administration and interpretation)

What are the 5 cited traits of giftedness?

creative thinking, excitability or hyperarousal, high sensitivity to others, possession of multiple perceptions or intuition, and motivation or inner strength

What were Wundt, Galton and Cattell interested in?

demonstrating individual differences through sensory processes and mental tests

wechsler scales (WAIS)

developed more for adults and measured nonverbal intelligence more

stamford-binet

developed more for children originally, used as gold standard, high reliability of scores has been reported (internal consistency, test-retest, and interscorer agreement)

Multidimensional aptitude battery

developed to yield same types of results and scores as the WAIS, can be taken on most computers

advantage: Multidimensional aptitude battery

easy to administer and score

Cattell-Horn-Carroll theory of cognitive abilities

fluid and crystallized intelligence

advantages of individual intelligence tests

for a component counselor, they provide aspects of a clinical interview and standardized test

KAIT

for adults- 6 core subtests and 4 additional subtests

KABC-II

for children- 18 subtests, 3-18 years old and scores on 6 different ability indices

disadvantage: Multidimensional aptitude battery

observations data is not obtained- not administered in high-stakes testing situations (determination of intellectual disabilities)

Which is easier to collect data for, individual or group?

group

Spearman's g factor

intelligence consisted of a single general (g) factor G factor: surmised from broad range of cognitive tests, more influential to understanding intelligence S factor: intelligence specific to a test or subtest

componential

internal components or mechanisms, which include executive function, performance, and knowledge-acquisition components

contextual

involves one's actions toward the environment, including selecting, adapting to, and influencing one's surroundings

Stanford-Binet

mental age/IQ

Thurstone's primary mental abilities

primary mental abilities- there is a general factor with seven second-order factors

Group intelligence tests

require ampler materials, offer more normative information

experiential

results from behaviors and experiences

Woodcock-Johnson tests of cog. Abilities (WJ IV)

series of 20 intelligence tests, following the Cattell-Horn-Carroll theory of intelligence

How is intelligence defined according to the major theorists of intelligence? What are the potential limitations of each of these definitions?

spearman, thurstone, cattell-horn-carroll, sternberg, gardner

individual intelligence tests

stamford-binet, wechsler sclaes, kaufman abtteries, das naglie3ri cognitive assessment system, woodcook-Johnson tests of cognitive abilities

What is the best method available for identifying children with superior cog. Abilities?

standardized, individually administered, multidimensional test of intelligence, such as a Wechsler test or the Stanford-Binet

What are some of the advantages of individual intelligence tests? Disadvantages?

these tests provide aspects of a clinical interview as well as a standardized test.

example of a challenge a gifted student might face

underachievement begins in early school year and is well developed pattern in high school, social skills are not fully developed

Primary mental abilities

verbal comprehension, word fluency, numerical ability, spatial visualization, associative memory, perceptual speed, reasoning