Chapter 9
Order the following key global food sources in terms of production, with the largest amount on top of the list.
1. Sugar cane 2. Rice 3. Potatoes 4. Meat
True or false: The most dominant type of genetically modified trait involves gene transfers that offer fire and drought tolerance to crops. True false question. True False
False
What are the benefits of genetically modified (GM) crops? Multiple select question. GM crops can be modified to offer additional nutritional value over non-GM crops. GM crops can be modified for resistance against drought, disease, and pests. GM crops can be modified to be "self-watering," requiring almost no human care. GM crops cost significantly less than traditional varieties.
GM crops can be modified to offer additional nutritional value over non-GM crops. GM crops can be modified for resistance against drought, disease, and pests.
Which of the following statements exemplifies the negative impact that genetically modified (GM) crops have on organic agriculture? Multiple choice question. GM crops often cross-pollinate with organic varieties, creating sterile offspring that cut into organic farmers' bottom line. Pesticides designed for GM crops easily kill organic varieties, which can wipe out the entire plant stock of an organic farm. The constant use of GM crops with the Bt gene, a natural pesticide, has led to Bt-resistant pests that threaten organic crops.
The constant use of GM crops with the Bt gene, a natural pesticide, has led to Bt-resistant pests that threaten organic crops.
One way to combat food supply problems caused by climate change would be to switch to more diverse diet. True false question. true or False
True
In general, how will crops suffer from a warming climate? Multiple select question. A warmer climate means that more ultraviolet radiation will reach the plants, disrupting cell respiration. Plants grow best in cool climates. Warmer temperatures will result in more transpiration, so plants will need more water. Plants grow and produce seeds within a narrow range of temperatures, so any change will make them less successful at doing this.
Warmer temperatures will result in more transpiration, so plants will need more water. Plants grow and produce seeds within a narrow range of temperatures, so any change will make them less successful at doing this.
The most common nutritional problem in the world is ______, which is usually caused by dietary iron deficiency. Multiple choice question. scurvy beriberi rickets anemia
anemia
Raising livestock on smaller spaces is cheaper than doing so in unconfined production systems, but the widespread use of is ____________ necessary to fight widespread infection and disease
antibiotics
The constant use of in the modern meat production process is creating new resistant bacteria that threaten the health and safety of humans.
antibiotics
The cultivation of aquatic species in net pens or tanks is called ___________ ; it provides for about half of the seafood we eat.
aquaculture
Confined animal feeding operations (CAFOs) Blank______. Multiple select question. are designed to rapidly grow animals for meat require specially prepared mixes of corn, soy, and animal protein are typically carried out on a small scale have led to the development of new breeds of livestock minimize the need of using antibiotics in animal feed
are designed to rapidly grow animals for meat require specially prepared mixes of corn, soy, and animal protein have led to the development of new breeds of livestock
Critics of genetically modified (GM) foods argue that GM products Blank______. Multiple choice question. are not fully understood regarding their potential health implications have substantially lower nutritional value compared to non-GM foods cost significantly more than their non-GM counterparts drive smaller grocery and convenience stores out of business
are not fully understood regarding their potential health implications
World food production has been able to keep pace with global population growth due to Blank______. Multiple select question. increased diversity of crop species better distribution systems improved crop varieties increased quantity of land surface dedicated to agriculture increased use of irrigation
better distribution systems improved crop varieties increased use of irrigation
Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) Blank______ to produce desired characteristics. Multiple choice question. have all of their DNA removed can include bits of DNA borrowed from other completely unrelated organisms include organs borrowed from completely unrelated organisms
can include bits of DNA borrowed from other completely unrelated organisms
Increased use of irrigation and fertilizers, improved crop varieties, and better distribution systems in crop production have ______. Multiple choice question. caused global food production rates to outpace population growth led to terrible famines virtually eliminated chronic undernourishment and malnourishment
caused global food production rates to outpace population growth
Marasmus ______. Multiple select question. causes low resistance to disease and infections is a West African word meaning "displaced child" results from deficiencies in both vitamin A and iodine is caused by deficiencies in both calories and protein gives children a thin and shriveled appearance
causes low resistance to disease and infections is caused by deficiencies in both calories and protein gives children a thin and shriveled appearance
One of the major innovations in livestock production is the Blank______, where animals are housed and fed for rapid growth. Multiple choice question. commercial livestock operation (CLO) industrialized feedlot controlled animal feeding program (CAFP) confined animal feeding operation (CAFO)
confined animal feeding operation (CAFO)
The wave of suicides among farmers in India is the result of ______. Multiple choice question. destabilized food production caused by an influx of cheap, subsidized food products from wealthier countries consecutive years of poor growing seasons, which led to crop failures debt burdens incurred while trying to afford genetically modified crops and pesticides
debt burdens incurred while trying to afford genetically modified crops and pesticides
Winged beans are an example of an edible plant that grows well in hot climates and will help us ________ our diets as the climate warms.
diversify
Malnourishment occurs when a person ______. Multiple choice question. consumes too many processed foods does not receive sufficient nutrients from their food correct consumes only meats, but not fruits or vegetables does not receive sufficient calories
does not receive sufficient nutrients from their food
An organism that is created by borrowing DNA from a completely unrelated species in order to generate favorable characteristics is called a(n) ___________ modified organism.
genetically
Many critics have questioned the safety of Blank______ foods, arguing that we do not fully understand the potential health effects of using these products. Multiple choice question. genetically modified (GM) processed concentrated animal feeding operation (CAFO) organic
genetically modified (GM)
One advantage of ______ crops is that varieties can be created that are drought-, frost-, and disease-resistant. Multiple choice question. genetically modified (GM) conventional hybrid organic
genetically modified (GM)
The main goal of most ______ agriculture is to maximize crop production when combined with specialized commercial chemicals. Multiple choice question. organic industrial genetically modified (GM) conventional
genetically modified (GM)
The natural pesticide originating from the Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) bacterium is becoming less effective at fighting crop pests, threatening organic agriculture. This is because Blank______. Multiple choice question. the Bt bacterium has experienced major decreases in population size and distribution since the beginning of the green revolution organic farmers overapply Bt-based pesticides, increasing pest resistance to the Bt gene genetically modified crops often include the Bt gene, which creates overexposure and Bt resistance in pest populations
genetically modified crops often include the Bt gene, which creates overexposure and Bt resistance in pest populations
The average daily consumption of food energy in industrialized countries is Blank______ the recommended value of 2,200 kcal. The average daily consumption of food energy worldwide is Blank______ the recommended value. Multiple choice question. greater than; equal to equal to; less than less than; greater than greater than; greater than
greater than; greater than
The dramatic increase in crop yields in the 1950s and 1960s that resulted from new technologies and new crop varieties is called the ______ revolution.
green
The production of meat ______. Multiple select question. accounts for nearly half of the world's greenhouse gases is about as energy-intensive as vegetable or grain production has a greater impact on Americans' energy consumption than the use of automobiles requires as much as 16 times more energy (per kilogram) compared to the production of vegetables or grains
has a greater impact on Americans' energy consumption than the use of automobiles requires as much as 16 times more energy (per kilogram) compared to the production of vegetables or grains
The most dominant type of genetically modified trait introduced into crops is Blank______. Multiple choice question. vitamin and nutrient enrichment the ability to grow rapidly herbicide and pesticide resistance drought tolerance
herbicide and pesticide resistance
Anemia usually results from a lack of ______ in a person's diet. Multiple choice question. vitamin C vitamin D iron iodine
iron
Names after a word meaning "displaced child," ______ is a type of protein deficiency observed in young children who consume mainly cheap starchy foods. Multiple choice question. goiter kwashiorkor marasmus scurvy
kwashiorkor
A person who is chronically undernourished is consuming ______. Multiple choice question. foods that do not provide adequate nutritional value mostly fruits and vegetables, but no meat less than the daily minimum food energy intake of 2,200 kcal
less than the daily minimum food energy intake of 2,200 kcal
The three main crops that humanity depends upon for food are Blank______. Multiple select question. quinoa potatoes maize (corn) rice wheat
maize (corn) rice wheat
Besides being used to fight infection, antibiotics are used on livestock because they Blank______. Multiple choice question. keep them from acting aggressively give them shinier coats make them gain weight faster
make them gain weight faster
People who receive sufficient calories but who may be lacking in sufficient nutrients such as protein, vitamins, and trace minerals are said to be
malnourished
Critics of genetically modified (GM) crop production point out that Blank______. Multiple choice question. many farmers are driven into debt attempting to pay for specialized seed and pesticides most GM crops have lower nutritional value compared to traditional varieties cheap GM foods flood the market in developing countries, destabilizing local food production
many farmers are driven into debt attempting to pay for specialized seed and pesticides
Children suffering from ______, caused by a shortage of both calories and protein, have low resistance to infections and often experience impacts on their mental and physical development. Multiple choice question. scurvy anemia marasmus
marasmus
The primary focus of genetically modified (GM) seed development is to Blank______. Multiple choice question. increase the profitability of staple food crops increase the flavor and quality of crops create entirely new species of crops maximize crop production when combined with specialized chemicals
maximize crop production when combined with specialized chemicals
The primary focus of genetically modified (GM) seed development is to ______. Multiple choice question. increase the profitability of staple food crops maximize crop production when combined with specialized chemicals increase the flavor and quality of crops create entirely new species of crops
maximize crop production when combined with specialized chemicals
Estimates suggest that if Americans cut their meat consumption by Blank______, the United States would conserve more energy than if every person were to drive a hybrid-electric car. Multiple choice question. one-fifth one-quarter one-third one-half
one-fifth
The process of aquaculture _____. Multiple select question. does not involve the harvesting of wild-caught aquatic species provides nearly all of the seafood that humans eat provides about half of the seafood that humans eat involves growing aquatic species in net pens or tanks
provides about half of the seafood that humans eat involves growing aquatic species in net pens or tanks
A warming climate will result in Blank______ crop yields, as plants grow best in a narrow temperature range. Multiple choice question. larger reduced no change to
reduced
Wheat, ___________ , and maize (corn) are the three primary crops that humans depend upon for food.
rice
The green revolution refers to the ______. Multiple choice question. increasing number of people who are choosing vegetarian diets over "meat-and-potatoes" foods sudden increase in crop yields in the 1950s and 1960s that resulted from new technologies and crop varieties trend toward alternative agricultural systems that began at the end of the twentieth century
sudden increase in crop yields in the 1950s and 1960s that resulted from new technologies and crop varieties
Which key global food source is the largest in terms of production (million metric tons)? Multiple choice question. Maize Sugar cane correct Rice Wheat
sugar cane
When antibiotics are constantly used in meat production, the result is Blank______. Multiple choice question. the creation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria that threaten human health healthier livestock and better-tasting meat products "franken-animals" that have poor-tasting meat unfit for human consumption
the creation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria that threaten human health
When antibiotics are constantly used in meat production, the result is ______. Multiple choice question. "franken-animals" that have poor-tasting meat unfit for human consumption healthier livestock and better-tasting meat products the creation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria that threaten human health
the creation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria that threaten human health
Food security is the ability Blank______. Multiple choice question. of a country to secure its food reserves from spoilage to obtain sufficient food on a day-to-day basis to maintain market stability so food products remain affordable
to obtain sufficient food on a day-to-day basis
Food security is the ability ______. Multiple choice question. to maintain market stability so food products remain affordable of a country to secure its food reserves from spoilage to obtain sufficient food on a day-to-day basis
to obtain sufficient food on a day-to-day basis
A person who is chronically ______ consumes less than 2,200 kcal a day in food energy. Multiple choice question. undernourished obese overweight
undernourished
Kwashiorkor is ______. Multiple select question. when young children are fed a diet of mainly cheap starchy foods a West African word meaning "displaced child" Greek for "to waste away" caused by a lack of vitamin C typified by puffy, discolored skin and a bloated belly
when young children are fed a diet of mainly cheap starchy foods a West African word meaning "displaced child" typified by puffy, discolored skin and a bloated belly
