Chapters 1-10

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The Olmecs

- Established the first complex society in Mesopotamia - build ceremonial centers with pyramids and temples - constructed elaborate drainage systems

What do Judaism, Christianity, and Islam have in common?

--Considered Abraham father of the religion --Pray to the same god just a different name --Monotheistic

Early humans showed their creativity by...

-Creating languages -inventing bow and arrow -using Barb harpoons -learning to fish in Deepwater

Hunting and gathering societies were marked by:

-Widespread specialization of labor -a subsistent lifestyle - limited trade

What were the Persian wars?

-rebellion of Ionian Greeks -Persian rulers failed to put down the rebellion, sparred for 50 years

What best describes patriarchal gender systems?

Women are inferior and must be protected by men

What was the religions of the Persian empire?

Zoroastrianism

Zoroastrianism lost popularity because?

Zoroastrians were converting to Islam

Who is Mencius?

Chinese philosopher, most famous Confucian after Confucius himself; thought to be a pupil of Confucius' grandson

Legalism was...

Chinese philosophy that emerge during this Zhou dynasty

The decline of the Olmec society might have been caused by:

Civil conflicts

Analects

Collection of Confucius teachings and sayings

What is a Quant?

Crop irrigation system

By about 5000 B.C.E. agriculture had displaced hunting and gathering societies in several regions of the world primarily because...

Cultivation provided a relatively to the stable and regular supply of food

Who conquered Babylon ?

Cyrus

Who was the 1steader of Persia, founder of the Achaemenids?

Cyrus

The most important rollers that made their mark.

Cyrus Cambyses Darius Xerxes Alexander the great

What was a trait that Norte Chico civilization didn't have?

Extensive use of pottery and writing

The Hitties successfully conquered their neighbors because day:

Extensively use chariots as a military tactic

Hinduism was defined by toleration for money making. T or F

False

The discovery of new techniques to refined still is associated with the Neolithic Revolution. T or F

False

What is the Torah?

First part of the Jewish Bible

Who is Siddhartha?

Founder of Buddhism (Buddha)

What civilization used -cuneiform -organization of city-states - use the code of Hannah Robbie as laws

Mesopotamia

What were the two measures to discourage satraps from becoming independent of Achaemenid authority or threaten the empire?

1. Each satrapy had a contingent of military officers in tax collectors who served as checks 2. Essentially imperial spies "eyes and ears of the King"

How long was the Royal Road?

1600 miles

How long would it take to travel with the Royal Road?

90 days

The Olmec's created the first written language in the Americas around?

900 B.C.E.

What is a Pastoralist

A person who relies on domesticated animals as their main source of food

Zarathustra was a...

A prophet

How are women generally treated in a the Stone Age society

Although gender division of labor was not as pronounced as it would later become there was still a gender inequality

The most useful source of research about the Han Chinese bureaucratic centralization?

Accounts of oversight activities undertaken by military officials and bureaucrats dispatched from the capital city ti supervise local officials.

What are satrapies?

Administrative and taxation districts governed by satraps

Who became king at age 18?

Alexander the Great

Who is the Peloponnesian war between?

Athens and Sparta

By scholarly convention prehistory refers to the period:

Before the invention of writing

Was the new writing system that replaced cuneiform?

Behistun inscription

What da the religion Zoroastrianism based on?

Belief in one all knowing God called Ahura Mazda

The Shang dynasty of China is well known for its elaborate figurines made out of which of the metals?

Bronze

Who conquered Egypt?

Cambyses

Where did the Medes and Persians migrate from?

Central Asia to Persia

The man who founded the first India Empire?

Chandragupta Maurya

Where did Confucianism originate?

China

What was Cyrus's nickname?

Cyrus the Shepard

Who founded the Achaemenid Empire?

Cyrus the great

Known as the "commander of the immortals"

Darius

Who conquered India?

Darius

Who was the 1st to unite the Persians?

Darius

Confucius was...

Educator and political advisor

What was different about Egyptian civilization in comparison to the city-states Sumer

Egyptian civilization took shape as a unified territorial state in which cities were less prominent

To make a strong and powerful state legalist ministers...

Encourage agriculture cultivation and military service

What did the project Quant lead to? How did it help?

Enhanced agricultural production and population growth

What was the land like in Mesopotamia?

Have little rainfall and lands werent fertile

The Egyptians were to the Nile as the Chinese were to the _____?

Huang He

The Olmec society included...

Huge sculptures of human heads

Where was the Peloponnesian war?

In Greece

Akexander's troops refused to go any further from home after they reached _________ in 327 B.C.E

India

How did Seleucid inherited the Achaemenid empire?

Inherited when Alexander the Great died

Reasons the Parthian Empire fell?

Internal rebellion Conflicts with roman army

The use of which metal had the biggest influence on the development of weapons and warfare during ancient times?

Iron

The Central Asian or Oxus civilization was economically based on:

Irrigation agriculture and stock raising

Muhammad is the messenger of Allah in what religion?

Islam

What did Darius do that fostered trade?

Issued standardized coins

The only import from the outside world evident in Norte Chico is:

Maize

Egyptian society showed a higher level of sophistication in...

Mathematics

Where is the Persian Empire located?

Modern Iran

Who is Bhahma?

One of the three Hindu gods, is the deva(God) of creation

Reasons the Seleucid empire fell?

Opposition from native Persians Satrapies revolted

What are some reasons the Achaemenid Empire fell?

Persian wars

Who created the Delian league

Poleis

What were Confucius key ideas?

Ren, Li,Xiao

Persian empire was divided into 20 different provinces called ____?

Satrapies

What significant social outcome for those gathers in hunters who settled down in permanent big villages?

Settlement meant that individuals could accumulate goods, increasing inequality

What was a significant social outcome for those gathers and hunters who settled down in permanent villages?

Settlement meant that individuals could accumulate goods, increasing inequality

In ancient Greece, all of the following were true except:

Some slaved were low caste Indians who arrived at Greek market via the Acheamenid Empire

Where did the Achaemenid Empire began?

Southeastern Asia

Persia spread to...

Southwestern Asia, northern India, northern Africa, Uzbekistan

Reasons Sassanid empire fell

Standoff relationships with Kushan, Roman, and Byzantine Empires __came to end when Arab warriors killed last Sassanid ruler

The term stone age is used to describe the earliest period of hominid prehistory because...

Stone was the only material used to make tools

Ziggurats were pyramid-like temples that were formed to worship deities in which of the following early civilizations

Sumerian

By junzi, or superior individuals Confucius meant?

Superior individuals with Broad view of public affairs

The civilization most responsible for modern English alphabet is:

The Phoenicians

What was the Persians biggest project or advancement?

The Royal Road

What is the Quran?

The holy book of Islam

Human migration out of Africa began 45,000 years ago when humans first travel to______?

The middle east

What is the Vedas?

The oldest scriptures of Hinduism text

Who is Laozi?

The person most credited with the creation of Taoism

The code of Hammurabi is based on the idea of....

The punishment should fit the crime

The Mesopotamian cities of Babylon ,Nippur, and Lagash are located between the Euphrates and _______river?

Tigris

Why did Poleis create Delian league?

To forestall more Persian attacks

An early form of written Chinese has been discovered on oracle bones. what was the intended use of these bones?

To predict the future and assist the ruler in governing

Hinduism, Buddhism, and animism were all polytheistic religions? T or F

True

The Olmec civilization did not spring up around the major river or complex. True or false?

True

Cities first emerged from agricultural villages and towns in..

Valleys of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers

What were the capitals of Persia?

• Susa • Babylon • Persepolis

What were the 4 major dynasties in Persia?

•Achaemenid • Seleucids • Parthians • Sassanids

What did the royal road do?

•Shortened trips •Quickened communication •Centralized kings rule

Zoroastrian teachings were...

•cosmic conflict between Ahura Mazda and Angra Mainyu • individual souls should undergo future judgment • forces of good will prevail •Believe in six lesser deities


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