Chapters 1-10
The Olmecs
- Established the first complex society in Mesopotamia - build ceremonial centers with pyramids and temples - constructed elaborate drainage systems
What do Judaism, Christianity, and Islam have in common?
--Considered Abraham father of the religion --Pray to the same god just a different name --Monotheistic
Early humans showed their creativity by...
-Creating languages -inventing bow and arrow -using Barb harpoons -learning to fish in Deepwater
Hunting and gathering societies were marked by:
-Widespread specialization of labor -a subsistent lifestyle - limited trade
What were the Persian wars?
-rebellion of Ionian Greeks -Persian rulers failed to put down the rebellion, sparred for 50 years
What best describes patriarchal gender systems?
Women are inferior and must be protected by men
What was the religions of the Persian empire?
Zoroastrianism
Zoroastrianism lost popularity because?
Zoroastrians were converting to Islam
Who is Mencius?
Chinese philosopher, most famous Confucian after Confucius himself; thought to be a pupil of Confucius' grandson
Legalism was...
Chinese philosophy that emerge during this Zhou dynasty
The decline of the Olmec society might have been caused by:
Civil conflicts
Analects
Collection of Confucius teachings and sayings
What is a Quant?
Crop irrigation system
By about 5000 B.C.E. agriculture had displaced hunting and gathering societies in several regions of the world primarily because...
Cultivation provided a relatively to the stable and regular supply of food
Who conquered Babylon ?
Cyrus
Who was the 1steader of Persia, founder of the Achaemenids?
Cyrus
The most important rollers that made their mark.
Cyrus Cambyses Darius Xerxes Alexander the great
What was a trait that Norte Chico civilization didn't have?
Extensive use of pottery and writing
The Hitties successfully conquered their neighbors because day:
Extensively use chariots as a military tactic
Hinduism was defined by toleration for money making. T or F
False
The discovery of new techniques to refined still is associated with the Neolithic Revolution. T or F
False
What is the Torah?
First part of the Jewish Bible
Who is Siddhartha?
Founder of Buddhism (Buddha)
What civilization used -cuneiform -organization of city-states - use the code of Hannah Robbie as laws
Mesopotamia
What were the two measures to discourage satraps from becoming independent of Achaemenid authority or threaten the empire?
1. Each satrapy had a contingent of military officers in tax collectors who served as checks 2. Essentially imperial spies "eyes and ears of the King"
How long was the Royal Road?
1600 miles
How long would it take to travel with the Royal Road?
90 days
The Olmec's created the first written language in the Americas around?
900 B.C.E.
What is a Pastoralist
A person who relies on domesticated animals as their main source of food
Zarathustra was a...
A prophet
How are women generally treated in a the Stone Age society
Although gender division of labor was not as pronounced as it would later become there was still a gender inequality
The most useful source of research about the Han Chinese bureaucratic centralization?
Accounts of oversight activities undertaken by military officials and bureaucrats dispatched from the capital city ti supervise local officials.
What are satrapies?
Administrative and taxation districts governed by satraps
Who became king at age 18?
Alexander the Great
Who is the Peloponnesian war between?
Athens and Sparta
By scholarly convention prehistory refers to the period:
Before the invention of writing
Was the new writing system that replaced cuneiform?
Behistun inscription
What da the religion Zoroastrianism based on?
Belief in one all knowing God called Ahura Mazda
The Shang dynasty of China is well known for its elaborate figurines made out of which of the metals?
Bronze
Who conquered Egypt?
Cambyses
Where did the Medes and Persians migrate from?
Central Asia to Persia
The man who founded the first India Empire?
Chandragupta Maurya
Where did Confucianism originate?
China
What was Cyrus's nickname?
Cyrus the Shepard
Who founded the Achaemenid Empire?
Cyrus the great
Known as the "commander of the immortals"
Darius
Who conquered India?
Darius
Who was the 1st to unite the Persians?
Darius
Confucius was...
Educator and political advisor
What was different about Egyptian civilization in comparison to the city-states Sumer
Egyptian civilization took shape as a unified territorial state in which cities were less prominent
To make a strong and powerful state legalist ministers...
Encourage agriculture cultivation and military service
What did the project Quant lead to? How did it help?
Enhanced agricultural production and population growth
What was the land like in Mesopotamia?
Have little rainfall and lands werent fertile
The Egyptians were to the Nile as the Chinese were to the _____?
Huang He
The Olmec society included...
Huge sculptures of human heads
Where was the Peloponnesian war?
In Greece
Akexander's troops refused to go any further from home after they reached _________ in 327 B.C.E
India
How did Seleucid inherited the Achaemenid empire?
Inherited when Alexander the Great died
Reasons the Parthian Empire fell?
Internal rebellion Conflicts with roman army
The use of which metal had the biggest influence on the development of weapons and warfare during ancient times?
Iron
The Central Asian or Oxus civilization was economically based on:
Irrigation agriculture and stock raising
Muhammad is the messenger of Allah in what religion?
Islam
What did Darius do that fostered trade?
Issued standardized coins
The only import from the outside world evident in Norte Chico is:
Maize
Egyptian society showed a higher level of sophistication in...
Mathematics
Where is the Persian Empire located?
Modern Iran
Who is Bhahma?
One of the three Hindu gods, is the deva(God) of creation
Reasons the Seleucid empire fell?
Opposition from native Persians Satrapies revolted
What are some reasons the Achaemenid Empire fell?
Persian wars
Who created the Delian league
Poleis
What were Confucius key ideas?
Ren, Li,Xiao
Persian empire was divided into 20 different provinces called ____?
Satrapies
What significant social outcome for those gathers in hunters who settled down in permanent big villages?
Settlement meant that individuals could accumulate goods, increasing inequality
What was a significant social outcome for those gathers and hunters who settled down in permanent villages?
Settlement meant that individuals could accumulate goods, increasing inequality
In ancient Greece, all of the following were true except:
Some slaved were low caste Indians who arrived at Greek market via the Acheamenid Empire
Where did the Achaemenid Empire began?
Southeastern Asia
Persia spread to...
Southwestern Asia, northern India, northern Africa, Uzbekistan
Reasons Sassanid empire fell
Standoff relationships with Kushan, Roman, and Byzantine Empires __came to end when Arab warriors killed last Sassanid ruler
The term stone age is used to describe the earliest period of hominid prehistory because...
Stone was the only material used to make tools
Ziggurats were pyramid-like temples that were formed to worship deities in which of the following early civilizations
Sumerian
By junzi, or superior individuals Confucius meant?
Superior individuals with Broad view of public affairs
The civilization most responsible for modern English alphabet is:
The Phoenicians
What was the Persians biggest project or advancement?
The Royal Road
What is the Quran?
The holy book of Islam
Human migration out of Africa began 45,000 years ago when humans first travel to______?
The middle east
What is the Vedas?
The oldest scriptures of Hinduism text
Who is Laozi?
The person most credited with the creation of Taoism
The code of Hammurabi is based on the idea of....
The punishment should fit the crime
The Mesopotamian cities of Babylon ,Nippur, and Lagash are located between the Euphrates and _______river?
Tigris
Why did Poleis create Delian league?
To forestall more Persian attacks
An early form of written Chinese has been discovered on oracle bones. what was the intended use of these bones?
To predict the future and assist the ruler in governing
Hinduism, Buddhism, and animism were all polytheistic religions? T or F
True
The Olmec civilization did not spring up around the major river or complex. True or false?
True
Cities first emerged from agricultural villages and towns in..
Valleys of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers
What were the capitals of Persia?
• Susa • Babylon • Persepolis
What were the 4 major dynasties in Persia?
•Achaemenid • Seleucids • Parthians • Sassanids
What did the royal road do?
•Shortened trips •Quickened communication •Centralized kings rule
Zoroastrian teachings were...
•cosmic conflict between Ahura Mazda and Angra Mainyu • individual souls should undergo future judgment • forces of good will prevail •Believe in six lesser deities