Chapters 1-5

Why is the principle of variety used?

To provide interest in the image.

How do artists use color harmonies?

To restrain color use in a composition.

What is significant about the raised hoof of the horse Marcus Aurelius rides?

A fallen enemy was originally located beneath.

Of what does a monochromatic color scheme consist?

A single hue

Art that simplifies forms of the visible world is known as ______.

Abstract

What philosophical field asks questions about the nature of art and its audiences?

Aesthetics

When choosing his landscapes what did Ansel Adams attempt to do with his photographs?

Focus on the subject.

How did the attitudes of artists change toward producing objects during the 20th century?

Focus shifted from the final product to the process of making.

What can affect the context of a piece despite the objects used?

Form

A cube, a pyramid, and a circle are examples of what kind of shapes and masses?

Geometric

When designing Villa Savoye, Le Corbusier used what to base the proportions?

Golden section

Which of the following was created for a large group to worship in?

Great Mosque

What group brought attention to institutions' lack of women and minority artists being featured?

Guerrilla Girls

Why would Self-Portrait with Monkeys give Frida Kahlo a sense of existence?

It was her way of validating her existence despite her crippling pain.

What might be the reason Rodin used marble for The Kiss?

It was the typical material used for sculptures.

Hatching, cross-hatching, and stippling are methods that use lines or dots to create value through what means?

Optical mixing

Which line type indicates the outer edge of a shape?

Outline

Because James Hampton was self-taught in his artistic craft, he's often labeled as what kind of artist?

Outsider

How can linear perspective be easily recognized in an image?

Parallel lines converge at a central point.

The decorative, designs in Samuel Fosso's self-portrait is an example of _______.

Pattern

The light that objects interact with in the environment is known as what kind of light?

Real

Meta Warrick Fuller's pieces were often about what subject?

Reconnecting African-Americans to their lost ancestors.

What Gestalt theory explains why the viewer sees a triangle?

Reification

Art that seeks to present the world as it appears in nature is known as _____.

Representational

To create visual mass in a 2-D image, artists will use what kind of light?

Representational

What is the technique that best describes the foundation on which Western art was built from the Renaissance to the 20th century?

Representational

How can meaning be found for works that are difficult to interpret?

Research

What principle of design was essential to Ansel Adams's compositions in his photographs?

Rhythm

Which principle applies when elements create a pattern in a work of art?

Rhythm

What did Leonardo da Vinci's Study of Human Proportions According to Vitruvius intend to illustrate?

The ancient idea of perfect human proportions.

Which statement best describes the performance of Joseph Beuys' How to Explain Pictures to a Dead Hare?

The artist has a spiritual role that required participation in social and political change.

How can Kathe Kollwitz's Woman with Dead Child be considered beautiful despite its choice of subject matter?

The line work is aesthetically pleasing.

What important characteristic is missing from Jeff Wall's A sudden Gust of Wind (after Hokusai)?

The mountain that is central to Hokusai's Ejiri in Suruga Province.

The stone and gravel garden in Kyoto, Japan uses natural materials for what purpose?

To create a tranquil setting for the viewer to appreciate.

How does Maya Lin label herself?

She avoids labeling.

Which aspects best describes the subtractive color mixing process?

-Associated with pigment mixing -Can create dull hues

Jenifer Steinkamp uses time and motion in what ways in her piece Dervish?

- Created a digital animation of trees that change on cue- Allowed the actions of the viewer to effect the sequence of the video

In what ways are the palette for an artist considered?

-A select set of colors an artist is using -The surface used to mix colors

In what ways does Thomas Cole's The Oxbow indicate human presence in the landscape?

-An artist at work in the landscape -Shapes of the crop fields

How does Jan Vermeer elicit calm emotions in his piece Young Woman with a Water Pitcher?

-By placing various hues and values of blue throughout the composition -By depicting a calm domestic subject matter

The Egyptian pyramids guaranteed which of the following?

-Continued cycle of a prosperous society -Prosperity for the land and its people -Safe passage to the afterlife for the pharaoh

By using vertical and diagonal lines, what can an artist accomplish?

-Create movement -Direct the viewer's attention

The human brain responds to color in what ways?

-Emotionally -Physiologically -Psychologically

By using various dark values in the foreground and limiting the lighter values in the background, The Banjo Lesson presents what characteristics?

-Emphasis on the young boy and older man. -Subordination of the table cloth and pitcher.

Which are secondary colors?

-Green -Orange

Which are types of space?

-Implied -Actual

Which are types of line?

-Implied -Contour -Directional

Which are color properties?

-Intensity -Hue -Value

Variety adds what aspects to an image?

-Interest -Difference

What approaches does Georges de la Tour use to create emphasis in The Magdalen with Smoking Flame?

-Line -Light

According to some theories what formal qualities contribute to the perception of beauty?

-Pure colors -Symmetry -Simple geometric shapes

Which are characteristics of abstract art?

-Recognizable forms that lack detail -Compositions that distort perspectives -Sections of an object dispersed in a composition

Which are aspects of form?

-Shape -Color

What techniques did Maya Lin use to design the Vietnam Veterans Memorial as a place for people to contemplate and remember?

-She tapered a V-shape walkway and granite. -It is set inside a hill like ancient tombs. -The stone is polished to the point of being a mirror.

What are ways to create an asymmetrical composition?

-Smaller elements balanced with a large form. -Contrasting color values on the same size forms. -A simple form balanced with a complex form.

In what ways did the Benin in Africa use hierarchal scale?

-The size of the king's head is proportionally larger than the servants. -The smaller figures at the king's attendants. -The larger figure is the king and placed higher.

In what ways does Santiago Calatrava use rhythm in his piece Wave?

-The use of line and motion recreates the motion of ocean waves. -Rhythm is created through the use of sound when the piece moves. -The reflection of the wave is shown in the water.

For what reason was the Sainte-Chapelle was commissioned in 1239 by the French king Louis IX?

-To be a private chapel for the king and his court -To house his important collection of religious relics

Henry Ossawa Tanner's The Banjo Lesson uses emphasis and subordination for what purpose?

-To emphasize figures against the background. -To place emphasis on the banjo and the boy

Which descriptions are examples of rhythm?

-Two shapes painted the same color in an organized way. -The same shape painted alternating colors across a line.

What does Gijsbrechts do in Trompe l'oeil with Studio Wall and Vanitas Still-Life to create visual texture?

-Use implied light -Mimic wood texture using paint

Anish Kapoor makes the viewer aware of the space Cloud Gate occupies in what ways?

-Viewer's can walk under the piece -People can touch the piece -Surrounding space is reflected

In what ways does nonobjective art differ from abstract art?

-Visual elements are central to what is represented -It avoids depicting a visual relationship to the visible world.

What is significant about Judith Baca's use of a drainage canal for Great Wall of Los Angeles?

Although public, it received little attention just as the history of certain populations in the area.

What kind of art was created to provide space for people to worship?

Architecture

How did Spiral Jetty creator Robert Smithson think artists could impact the natural world?

Artists could shape the landscape like a geological force.

What kind of balance is used in Edgar Degas's Before the Ballet?

Asymmetrical

Which philosophy best describes the attitude towards beauty in art during the 18th century?

Beautiful art should provide pleasure to the viewer.

How does Jacques Callot use contour lines in this drawing? (Horse)

By capturing the major forms of the horse.

How does the artist create contrasting texture in his work? (Brown cup with silver accents)

By leaving some rough areas.

Which work is described as having a monochromatic color scheme?

Chanter

Linear perspective was often used with what technique to create depth on a picture plane?

Chiaroscuro

What value technique is known for creating the illusion of 3-D forms on a 2-D plane?

Chiaroscuro

What makes the Transcendent Buddhas recognizable from other buddhas?

Clothing worn

What do trained artists generally do to create a composition?

Combine experience with an understanding of the elements and principles of design.

What creates the simultaneous contrast seen in this piece? (Top half red, bottom green)

Complementary colors

Understanding a work of art based on who made it, the society that interacted with it, and its original function is known as ________.

Context

The lines that establish the outside borders of a 3-D form are what kind of lines?

Contour

How do most artists use color theories to their advantage?

Control how colors interact.

To understand art, we must consider the _______ conditions that give rise to art.

Cultural

Admiring an object based on its formal qualities rather than its functionality is know as what kind of contemplation?

Disinterested

Cabbage Leaf is considered beautiful through what intellectual pleasure?

Disinterested contemplation.

What is a key characteristic of nonrepresentational art?

Emphasis on formal qualities.

Why is the Buddha considered to have conventions of iconography?

Established styles have been passed down for centuries.

True or false: All representational art is naturalistic.

False

If a contemporary artist wants their work to be purchased, what do they have to do?

Find galleries and museums willing to show their works.

How did Frank Gehry encourage exploration in the Guggenheim Museum?

He eliminated walls.

How does Jean-Antoine Watteau use implied line in the work The Embarkation for Cythera?

He guides the viewer from one side of the canvas to the other.

What does Edvard Munch do to create the stressful, chaotic emotions in his work The Scream?

He uses diagonals, swirls, and contrasting colors.

Wang Jian gives the viewer an aerial view in White Clouds over Xiao and Xiang for what purpose?

He wants the viewer to travel through the landscape mentally.

In many cultures, the presence of halos around a figure's head indicates ________.

Holiness

Despite not knowing who are in the portraits, Boltanski's Alter to the Chases High School evokes what event?

Holocaust

The identification, description, and interpretation of background information related to the subject matter of a work of art is known as ______.

Iconography

What kind of line, though perceived by the viewer, is not explicitly depicted?

Implied

What shape works to unify a work using incomplete information of shapes?

Implied

In Francisco de Goya's painting Executions of the Third of May, 1808, how is emphasis on the main figure created?

Implied light and directional line

What happens when grey is added to a hue?

Intensity lowers

What caused artists to explore abstract and nonrepresentational art?

Invention of the camera

How does the knowledge of the elements and principles of design inform the viewer?

It allows the viewer to appreciate the act of seeing a work of art.

Why does William Hogarth use iconography in The Harlot's Progress?

It assists viewers in understanding the narrative.

Why is art important in connecting humans to the spiritual world?

It creates a tangible idea of an unknown world that can be interacted with emotionally.

What does space do?

It defines other visual elements.

How does pattern affect some of the visual elements present in Samuel Fosso's self-portrait?

It distorts or obliterates the mass of the objects.

What is a kinetic work of art?

It features one or more moving parts.

Which characteristics added to the fame of the Mona Lisa during Leonardo's lifetime?

It had an almost lifelike appearance.

What made Piranesi's II Carceri (The Prison) unique during its time?

It was created during a time when rationale and science influenced art.

What Christian idea does Johannes Vermeer's painting Woman Holding a Balance represent?

Last judgment

According to Egyptian belief systems, what happens in the afterlife?

Life continues as usual.

By creating precious items from the block of lard and chocolate, Janine Antoni causes the viewer to do what?

Link the cultural expectations of the items to their raw form.

Friar Bernadino de Sahagun used what to document the daily lives of native peoples in Central America?

Local artists to create the images for his book.

Representational art that records the true texture, color and actual lighting of materials is known as ____.

Naturalistic

Art that decried any use of the visible world as a starting point was known as what kind of art?

Nonrepresentational

Piranesi used his imagination and what other source to create his print series II Carceri (The Prison)?

Roman justice systems.

The artists Claes Oldenburg and Coosje van Bruggen are known for their huge sculptures which play with what concept?

Scale

What principle of design refers to the size of an object in relation to a standard or expected size?

Scale

Which principle of design is related primarily to size?

Scale and proportion

When an artist adds black to a hue to get a darker color, the value created is known as ______.

Shade

Why did Louise Bourgeois avoid representational works that were naturalistic?

She wanted the focus to be on emotions.

Current color theory bases most of its research off of whose experiments?

Sir Isaac Newton

Louise Bourgeois's Woman with Packages abstracts the figure of a standing woman by using what shape?

Slender vertical column.

What interacts with other visual elements of an artwork to give them definition?

Space

What implies to the viewer that Robert Rauschenberg is using New York as his subject in the work Windward?

Statue of Liberty

According to one theory, what distinguishes artists from other "skillful makers"?

Style

What is the term that categorizes art by its appearance?

Style

If a line is drawn down the center of a composition, and each side corresponds to the other, what does this composition have?

Symmetrical balance

What is normally experienced through touch?

Texture

What makes Janine Antoni's Gnaw unique compared to other sculptural pieces?

The artists uses her mouth instead of tools to cut away materials.

The disjointed images in Robert Rauschenberg's Windward is reminiscent of what?

The energy associated with New York.

Without the title, how does Louise Bourgeois ensure that the viewer is able to interpret Woman with package?

The piece is grouped with similar sculptures from the series.

How is the viewer able to recognize what Picasso has painted in Bottle of Vieux Marc, Glass, Guitar and Newspaper?

The simplified forms are still recognizable.

How can an asymmetrical composition look balanced?

The visual weight on each side is similar.

Why do artists rely on stories for subject matter?

They offer a culture's collective memory that is relatable.

How does the work Dormiente create visual texture?

Through the viewer's experience with similar textures.

When an artist adds a hue to get a lighter color, the value created is known as ______.

Tint

Abbott McNiell Whistler uses rhythm in his etching Billingsgate for what purpose?

To unify the various elements.

Actual texture in a work of art is experienced through what sense?

Touch

True or false: Haruko Kojin's Reflectwo creates symmetrical balance through the use of floating fabric flower petals.

True

Context helps the viewer do what with a work of art?

Understand how a work is perceived in its original setting.

What does the repetition of certain elements in a work of art provide?

Unity within the design.

Shades of light and dark are also known as ______.

Values

What does Mona Hatoum consider when viewers encounter the work Dormiente?

Viewers will project their own encounters of similar texture.

Unity based on the elements of art, such as shape, line and color, is called ______ unity.

Visual

What is used to make a symmetrical composition if it does not possess absolute symmetry?

Visual weight

How is texture experienced when it is first encountered?

Visually

In an additive color mixing process of light, red, green, and blue combine to create ______.

White

How does Devorah Sperber use optical color mixture in her work Hendrix?

With spools of thread to create an image.