CHD201 Quiz Questions

Teachers can best support children during dramatic play by doing which of the following?

asking questions

Which of the following describes a category of cognitive play?

- the substitution of an imaginary situation to satisfy the child's personal wishes and needs - the manipulation of objects to construct or create something - the acceptance of prearranged rules and adjustment to these rules

Research conducted by Korat suggests increased focus on which of the following as a means of reducing the achievement gap among low- and middle-SES students?

- emergent writing - word recognition - concepts about print

Recent studies have shown that the development of motor skill abilities enables children to do which of the following?

- experience an increased level of sensory information - learn more about their environment

According to the emerging theory of multiple intelligence, which of the following are included in the list of areas in which learners may increase their cognitive abilities?

- fluid intelligence - crystallized intelligence - processing speed

A basic nutrition, safety, and health administration program for young children should include which of the following?

- hand-washing - healthy food choices - oral hygiene

Which of the following describes one of the four categories, or functions, of child speech?

- interpretive -directive - projective

Important developmental aspects of successful potty training include which of the following?

- muscular maturation - cognitive maturation - desire to change behavior

Which of the following describe Piaget's central focus in his theories on toddler development?

- object permanence - play and imitation - language development

Major factors that contribute to the quality of the infant's environment include which of the following?

- parental abuse due to work responsibilities - active involvement on the part of the father - parental separation and divorce

Although young children may find themselves in a variety of settings, the text lists which of the following?

- part-time preschool programs - medical care facilities - social service facilities

According to the text, child abuse, which can come in the form of neglect, physical abuse, or sexual abuse, can result in which of the following?

- psychological and behavioral problems in adolescence - more severe health, developmental, and nutritional problems

Important safety precautions to consider when planning an infant child care environment include which of the following?

- safety glass in low windows - adequate space for the number of children - safety plugs on electric outlets

Why is it important for teachers, researchers, and students of child development to follow the principles of professional ethical conduct?

- so teachers don't participate in practices that emotionally and physically harmful or intimidating to children - so there are guidelines for dealing with ethical dilemmas

Which of the following describes one of the roles of the intentional teacher?

Encourage exploration and provide an environment that supports students' interests.

According to the text, the biggest challenge faced by children raised by a same-sex couple is that the child feels marginalized because he or she does not have the same childhood experience as peers who are raised in a traditional household.

False

The text describes three broad categories that have been the basis of understanding the context of play: social participation, cognitive level of the play activity, and unoccupied activity.

False

Research has shown that educators should focus on the mechanics of reading, since young children haven't developed the capacity to understand "story knowledge."

False.

According to studies by McCabe et al., which of the following is an example of an effective ELL teaching method?

relating vocabulary to subjects children are interested in

Research into the development of toddlers with special needs found that for children with special needs, the degree of adaptive ability was only partly related to the quality of care.

False.

Which of the following describes the optimal tendency in growth?

Growth always tries to fulfill its potential.

Studies have shown that neural differences among monolingual and bilingual speakers depend on which of the following?

the age of the learner

According to the text, the need to redefine the role of men in the infant's life has been brought about by which of the following?

the increasing number of houses headed by women

The text describes which of the following as an appropriate application of electronic media when teaching young children?

the use of software programs that provide learning opportunities that can enhance problem solving, critical thinking skills, and creativity.

According to Epstein, which of the following responses can help young learners understand the what, how, and why of what they observe?

- "Tell me how you did that." - "How can you tell?" - "What if you tried it another way?"

Which of the following describe ways adults can support language development?

- Provide social and informational experiences. - Engaging young children in conversation at every age. - Provide peers with whom young children can learn.

Which of the following are developmental processes in learning?

- accomodation - assimilation

Which of the following describe characteristics of Piaget's preoperational stage?

- acquisition of object permanence - Acquiring language becomes a major focus. - Gross motor skills have matured.

Which of the following are described in the text as part of the cognitive system?

- development - functioning - structure

Concerns about toddler health and nutrition include which of the following?

- food insecurity - obesity - parental substance abuse

According to the text, which of the following represent support needed by toddlers to help them move toward autonomy?

- opportunities to make meaningful choices - opportunities to accomplish independent activities

Which of the following describe the three stages of drawing explained in the text?

- random scribble - preschematic - pictorial

Effects of persistent fear and anxiety include which of the following?

- reduction in the child's ability to learn and engage in social interactions - disruption of brain development - extreme, prolonged activation of the stress response system

The text identifies which of the following as functions of play in earl childhood development?

- supporting language and literacy development - supporting the development and understanding of social roles - supporting cognitive development

Undernourishment and obesity share which of following consequences?

- the potential for more serious health issues - lack of physical quality of life - pychso-social problems

Ethnicity determines which of the following?

- values - customs - social rules

Which of the following is described as a benefit of a high-quality physical home environment?

Children manifest fewer behavior problems.

According to the text, children's degree of understanding the concept of false beliefs is important for which of the following reasons?

Children's understanding of the concept of false beliefs has been found to relate to language ability.

Why is it important for people who work with young children to have thorough knowledge of both typical and atypical development?

Distinguishing between typical and atypical growth affects decision made about care and education.

Research into the relationship between nature and nurture has led to which of the following?

Even identical twins can have different environmental experiences before birth.

A behaviorist emphasizes complex skills, such as riding a bicycle or skating as critical to cognitive development.

False

Typically, there is a period of only about 24 to 36 hours during which a woman can conceive.

False

Child care providers need to regularly assess motor skill development in young children to make sure they will be prepared for success when taking standardized tests.

False.

The most recent research suggests there are long-term gains to be realized from learning to read in kindergarten.

False.

According to the text, which of the following is true of gender differences in brain development?

Female infants tend to be more advanced in the areas of vision, hearing, memory, smell, and touch.

When observing young children, how do you know when learning has taken place?

Noticeable changes in behavior have occurred.

Four stages in the development of early adult-child interactions have been described, including which of the following?

The child begins to gain control of their ability to maintain attention.

Complete understanding of concepts requires both logical, analytical learning, and emotional/creative engagement.

True

Critical theorists believe knowledge is socially constructed and that no universal truths, principles, or laws can be applied to everyone.

True

Ensuring that children worldwide are not exposed to poverty, unsafe drinking water, inadequate sanitation, and a variety of diseases is important because it has a direct influence on a child's mental and emotional development, as well as their ability to learn.

True

Multicultural education refers to any form of education or teaching that incorporates the histories, texts, values, beliefs, and perspectives of people from different cultural backgrounds.

True

Representational play provides a setting for portraying ideas, thoughts, and feelings that the child might otherwise not feel comfortable about displaying.

True.

The relationship with the mother as principal caregiver seems to be more predictive of the child's later feelings of security that the child's relationship with the father.

True.

While IQ tests predict how well children do in school, other factors, such as genetics, biological health, and motivation also affect school success.

True.

Which of the following describes a major difference in the way interaction takes place between infants and men and women?

Women are more responsive to a baby's vocalizations.

According to the text, which of the following describes maternal characteristics that can have an influence on a developing fetus?

age of conception

The text cites which of the following methods used to help determine the health of a developing fetus?

amniocentesis

Young children typically start responding to "what," "if," and "when" questions at what age?

by four years

According to Segal and Freshwater, early childhood facilities should do which of the following?

enhance multisensory learning

Which of the following is the most crucial factor in the emergence of specialized motor skills?

maturity of the nervous system

The text describes which of the following as the "sixth" sense that belongs to the group of infant sensory competencies?

proprioception, which tells us where the parts of our body are in relation to the whole

All but which of the following describes the essential adult role with regard to young children?

provide educational opportunities that introduce children to a variety of cultural and ethnic practices

Which of the following describes a key concept in Vgotsky's approach to educating young children?

provides the right kind of support at the right time and the right level

Vygotsky's sociocultural views of learning were based on which of the following?

the Zone of Proximal Development

Which of the following describes the final two stages of object permanence?

the ability to search for objects that have been hidden without having seen which hiding place was used

Which of the following is noted as a major research area that supports the rationale for play-based environments for young children?

the link among play, early literacy, and social competence

The text cites which of the following as print experiences that can enhance curricula for the home and school?

- Encourage cooperative social interaction. - Model reading behavior. - Use a variety of implements and materials.

The text offers which of the following as general guidelines that will help develop an active imagination?

- Guide that to discover answers. - Keep children curious. - Allow children to explore.

Efforts to encourage writing at home can be supported by which of the following?

- displaying the child's writing in various places - model writing as a form of communication - creating greeting cards and other functional output

The describes which of the following as important elements in a dual-language learning environment?

- dress-up clothes that reflect diverse cultures - music from diverse cultures - posters and signs in both languages

According to the text, which of the following is one of major keys to successfully teaching a bilingual or multilingual classroom?

sufficient time spent in informal conversation

Which of the following were described in the text as rationales for the implementation of laws governing the education of children with special needs?

- All children with special needs should receive equal educational opportunities. - The role of parents in educational planning and decision making need to be strengthened. - Earlier federal laws were not strong to address the needs of children ages three through five.

The text recommends which of the following safety rules when introducing young children to dogs?

- Approach with caution. - Allow the dog to sniff the child's hand. - Ask permission.

Observation tells us that object permanence develops in stages. Which of the following is an accurate description of these stages?

- Between 8 and 12 months, the infant will lift a cloth to find a toy. - Between 4 and 8 months, the infant will look for something he or she has caused to disappear. - between birth and 2 months, things that are out of sight are out of mind.

While the definition of "young child" varies greatly by age, certain markers are consistent. Which of the following describe the developmental path of a young child?

- By age three, most young children have developed the skills to act more independently. - Preschoolers can typically walk, run, jump, yell, and whisper, and have learned to express emotions. - Newborns are primarily concerned with personal comfort.

Examples from research on the preschool to primary school child's use of language during family conversations include which of the following?

- Children begin to learn the strategies needed to maintain dialogues with peers. - Children learn to monitor family conversations and participate with relevant questions and information.

Which of the following is a characteristic of Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory?

- Children have an active role in constructing knowledge. - Infants learn the rules of behavior by observing the responses and behaviors of others. - At any age, children extract and integrate what they find out through their social experiences.

Which of the following cited as a caution with regard to incorporating digital media into learning activities?

- Children have opportunities to learn many inappropriate behaviors and to be exposed to unsuitable content from television and other electronic media. - Educators need to keep up with technological innovations in order to improve their own knowledge and that of their students. - Educators must remember that technology is a tool and should not supplant the others tools that children use for play and learning.

The text identified which of the following factors of children's language and thought development that adults should keep in mind when communicating with children?

- Children make up their own interpretation. - Children take language in its own literal sense. - A child's vocabulary may be behind his or her ability to understand.

Which of the following are evidence of the relationship between genetic and environmental factors?

- Cognitive skills have a strong genetic component that can be enhanced in a stimulating environment. - Temperamental attributes may be inherited traits that interact with parenting styles. - Research has shown that environmental stressors can increase the effects of diseases.

The text describes which of the following as significant differences in the cultural attitudes of families with a Native American heritage and those of European descent?

- Communities are collective and interdependent. - The central organizing unit is the extended family. - Individual health comes from a balance among physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual factors.

High risk factors for expectant mothers include which of the following?

- Diabetes - Sickle-cell Anemia - Lupus

The text describes several cautions that educators must keep in mind when applying broad educational theories to children from lower socioeconomic and/or ethnic minority backgrounds. These include which of the following?

- Educators must not lose sight of the fact that the individual's personal experience and roles in family are important to the total picture. - Theory and research are only one set of data that may shape teaching practice. - Theories should be thought of as suggestions or estimations.

Research has identified four patterns of reunion behavior, including which of the following?

- Infants use the parent as home base for for exploration of toys and strangers. - Infants are less comfortable in a strange situation. - Infants display inconsistent behavior during the strange-situation process.

Touch can be a powerful influence on the development of a young child in which of the following ways?

- It helps infants manage stress. - It supports emotional development. - It improves their physical health.

amniotic fluid serves several functions, including which of the following?

- It provides oral fluid. - It provides room for movement and growth. - It protects the fetus from injury.

Bilingualism in early childhood can provide a cognitive advantage for which of the following reasons?

- It supports development of executive functions. - It can promote cognitive flexibility.

Among the characteristics of "exceptionally bright" children, as described by Gadzikowski, are which of the following?

- Language, math, and/or science skills are advanced. - They ask unusual questions. - They have unusually sophisticated vocabulary.

Which of the following describe Vygotskian methods adults can use in the classroom to support language development?

- Make actions verbally explicit. - Use different tasks to test concept understanding. - Tie new concepts to actions.

Which of the following describe advantages of the inclusion in play to the learning of children with special needs?

- Opportunities to work in small groups provide a setting for more peer interaction. - Placement in mixed-age groups appears to provide more social opportunities for children with special needs. - Special needs children are more likely to engage in peer interaction at a higher social level.

Research into the significance of teacher-child and parent-child interactions describes which of the following cautions?

- Teachers must consciously distribute attention equally among all their students. - It is difficult to provide individual attention to each child when class sizes are too large. - Specialized training is strongly connected to sensitive teacher-child interactions.

Environmental changes that take place at birth include which of the following?

- The newborn moves from a state of minimal stimulation in which all the senses are stimulated. - The newborn is no longer dependent on nutrients from the mother's blood. - The newborn's own elimination system must process waste.

Which of the following describe potential problems involved with postpartum depression (PPD)?

- There is an increased risk of low self-esteem and behavior problems. - Depressed mothers tend not to provide the stimulating interaction infants need. - There is an increased risk of impaired cognitive and motor development.

Labelling is an important component of cognitive development for which of the following reasons?

- Verbal labels appear to stay with infants even before they speak their first word. - Infants attend longer to an object that has been previously labelled than to others. - Labelling supports the growth of familiarization and categorization.

The major types of learning theories described in the text include which of the following?

- behaviorist theories that emphasize changes originating in the environment - developmental theories that explain changes in the child that result from interactions between growth and learning

Obstacles to normal development of motor skills include which of the following?

- central nervous system dysfunction - poor nourishment - excess weight

Information for authentic assessment should be obtained using which of the following?

- classroom observations - portfolio's of children's work - informal interviews

Appropriate practices for helping children from preschool age to primary grades develop literacy include which of the following?

- creating meaningful contexts - instruction methods designed to fit learning styles

Research on play and brain development supports which of the following ideas?

Active, physical, and cognitively stimulating play provides a place for cognitive skills to advance.

Several prominent theorists/researchers have viewed growth and learning as proceeding in an orderly fashion from birth to adulthood. Which of the following is said to describe one of these patterns?

At about eighteen months, language and cognitive abilities develop rapidly as learning takes place through imitation, play, and other self initiation activities.

Which of the following can be said to characterize atypical behavior in a young child?

Because three-year-olds are still developing physically, Michael often walks and runs awkwardly and stumbles from time to time.

Encouraging toddlers to recognize differences and similarities in objects is important for which of the following reasons?

Early classifications based on incorrect information may need to be revised.

Which of the following helps explain why perception is considered to be a critical aspect of the learning process?

Learning through sensory involvement enables children to build a bridge from the abstract to the concrete.

Which of the following describes an intelligence measurement assessment guideline used in the multiple intelligences approach?

Measurement takes place in a naturalistic setting through observation.

Rogers and Maslow emphasized which of the the following?

No parent is perfect and loving all the time; trying to deny negative feelings can mask positive feelings.

According to the text, which of the following describes the most effective way for young children to learn to recognize and write the letters of the alphabet?

exposure to written communications in the natural environment