Chemistry Vocab Unit 5
Surfactant
A compound that reduces the repulsion (tension between two liquid, a liquid and a solid, or a liquid and air
Barometer
A device for measuring pressure
Plasma
A high energy state of matter characterized by ionized particles
Solid
A low energy state of condensed matter characterized by structural rigidity and resistance to changes of shape or volume
Lattice
A regular arrangement of particles (atoms, ions, molecules)
Crystal
A solid in which the particles are arranged in a regular, repeating pattern
Amorphous solid
A solid matter whose particles are arranged in a nonuniform pattern
Thermal equilibrium
A term describing a temperature equal to that of the surroundings
Long-Range order
A term for arrangement of particles characterized by structural rigidity and resistance to changes of shape or volume
Ideal Gas
A theoretical gas composed of random non-interacting point particles
Sublimation
A transition directly from solid to vapor phase
Deposition
A transition directly from vapor to solid phase
Freezing
A transition from liquid to solid phase
Boiling
A transition from liquid to vapor phase
Melting
A transition from solid to liquid phase
Condensing
A transition from vapor to liquid phase
Ideal gas law
An equation that relates volume, pressure, absolute temperature, and number of moles of a gas under ideal conditions
Partial pressure
An individual gas's contribution to the total pressure exerted by a mix of gases
Immiscible
Referring to a solid, liquid, or gas into a host liquid (solvent)
Ideal gas constant
The constant that is used to relate volume, pressure, absolute temperature, and number of miles of a gas in the ideal gas law equation
Kinetic energy
The energy associated with movement
Pressure
The force exerted by the particles of a gas colliding with the walls of a container
Combined gas law
The law that combined Boyle's, Charle's, and Gay-Lusaac's law, and states that for a fixed quantity of a gas, the pressure varies inversely with volume, while the temperature varies directly with pressure and volume
Gay-Lussac's Law
The law that states that the pressure and absolute temperature of a fixed quantity of a gas are directly proportional under constant volume conditions
Boyle's Law
The law that states that the pressure and volume of a fixed quantity of a gas are inversely proportional under constant temperature conditions
Dalton's Law
The law that states that the total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is the sum of the individual partial pressures of the gases in the mixture
Charle's Law
The law that states that the volume and absolute temperature of a fixed quantity of a gas are directly proportional under constant pressure conditions
Avogrado's Law
The law that states that the volume of a gas is proportional to the number of moles of the gas when pressure and temperature are kept constant
Effusion
The movement of gas from a small opening into a larger volume
Vapor pressure
The pressure exerted by the gas in equilibrium with a pure liquid at a given temperature
Surface tension
The property of the surface of a liquid that allows it to resist and external force
Diffusion
The spread of particles through random motion from regions of high concentration to regions of low concentration
Standard temperature and pressure
The standard conditions used to compare gas measurements, defined as an absolute temperature of 273.15 K and a pressure 100 kPa
Kinetic-Molecular theory
The theory that describes gases as a large number of constantly randomly moving particles (atom/molecules) that collide with one another and with the walls of the container
Viscosity
The thickness of resistance to flow of a liquid
Molar volume
The volume of one mole of any ideal gas STP=22.4 L
Dissolve
To integrate a solid, liquid, or gas into a host liquid (solvent)