CHM1010_G00A_20_20 - General Chemistry I Chapter 8
What is the molarity of a solution made by dissolving 4.88 g of KCl in 423 mL of solution?
0.155 M KCl
What is the molarity of a solution made by dissolving 36.29 g of NaCl in 2.30 L of solution?
0.270 M NaCl
A sample of seawater contains 1.3 g of calcium ions in 3,100 kg of solution. What is the calcium ion concentration of this solution in units of ppm?
0.42 ppm Ca2+ ions
Magnesium hydroxide can be made by the reaction shown below. If a chemist requires 0.725 moles of NaOH for this reaction, what volume of a 1.50 M NaOH solution is needed to provide this amount?MgCl2(aq) + 2 NaOH(aq) → Mg(OH)2(s) + 2
0.483 L of a 1.50 M NaOH solution
What is the concentration of a solution formed by diluting 25.0 mL of a 3.2 M NaCl solution to 135.0 mL?
0.59 M NaCl
What is the molarity of a 11.5% (w/v) glucose (C6H12O6, molar mass 180.16 g/mol) solution?
0.638 M
What is the concentration of a solution formed by adding 65.0 mL of water to 25.0 mL of a 3.2 M NaCl solution?
0.89 M NaCl
What is the maximum volume of a 0.788 M CaCl2 solution that can be prepared using 85.3 g CaCl2?
0.975 L
How many grams of glucose (C6H12O6) are contained in 555 mL of a 1.77 M glucose solution?
177 g C6H12O6
Which solution contains the smallest number of moles of sucrose (C12H22O11, molar mass = 342.30 g/mol)?
2,000 mL of a 5.0 × 10-5% (w/v) sucrose solution
Which solution has the greatest mass of solute?
2.00 L of a 0.75 M Ca(NO3)2 solution
What is the molarity of a solution made by dissolving 3.09 moles of NaCl in 1.50 L of solution?
2.06 M NaCl
A solution is made by mixing 569 mL of water and 238 mL ethanol. What is the concentration of ethanol in units of volume/volume percent?
29.5% (v/v) ethanol
What is the molarity of a 25.0% (v/v) aqueous isopropyl alcohol solution? The density of isopropyl alcohol (C3H8O, molar mass 60.09 g/mol) is 0.786 g/mL.
3.27 M
A saline solution used in intravenous drips for patients who cannot take oral fluids contains 0.92% (w/v) NaCl in water. How many grams of NaCl are contained in 575 mL of this solution?
5.3 g NaCl
A solution is made by dissolving 3.88 g of NaCl in enough water to make 67.8 mL of solution. What is the concentration of sodium chloride in units of weight/volume percent?
5.72% (w/v) NaCl
How many milliliters of a 5.25% (w/v) HCl solution must be used to prepare 250 mL of a 0.175% (w/v) HCl solution?
8.3 mL HCl solution
particular wine contains 11.2% (v/v) ethanol. What volume of ethanol is in a 750.-mL bottle of this wine?
84.0 mL ethanol
A saline solution used in intravenous drips for patients who cannot take oral fluids contains 0.92% (w/v) NaCl in water. What volume of the saline solution must be administered to the patient in order to deliver 7.7 g of NaCl?
840 mL of saline solution
A flask contains two compartments (A and B) with equal volumes of solution separated by a semipermeable membrane. Which diagram represents the final level of the liquids if A is initially a 10% (w/v) glucose solution and B is initially a 20% (w/v) glucose solution?
A is smaller amount. B more
Which of the following statements concerning solution concentration is NOT true?
A saturated solution contains more than 100 g of dissolved solute.
Which solution has the highest freezing point?
A solution formed by dissolving 0.75 mol of KCl in 4.00 kg of water.
Which solution has the highest boiling point?
A solution formed by dissolving 0.75 mol of Na3PO4 in 1.00 kg of water.
Which solution has the lowest boiling point?
A solution formed by dissolving 0.75 mol of glucose (C6H12O6) in 1.00 kg of water.
Which of the following statements concerning a solution is NOT true?
A solution is a heterogeneous mixture of two or more pure substances.
Magnesium hydroxide can be made by the reaction shown below. If a chemist requires 0.725 moles of NaOH for this reaction, what volume of a 1.50 M NaOH solution is needed to provide this amount?1. Magnesium hydroxide can be made by the reaction shown below. If a chemist requires 0.725 moles of NaOH for this reaction, what volume of a 1.50 M NaOH solution is needed to provide this amount?MgCl2(aq) + 2 NaOH(aq) → Mg(OH)2(s) + 2 NaCl(aq)
A. 0.483 L of a 1.50 M NaOH solution
1. What is the maximum volume of a 0.788 M CaCl2 solution that can be prepared using 85.3 g CaCl2?
A. 0.975 L
A saline solution used in intravenous drips for patients who cannot take oral fluids contains0.92% (w/v) NaCl in water. What volume of the saline solution must be administered to the patient in order to deliver 7.7 g of NaCl?
A. 840 mL of saline solution
Which ionic compound is soluble in water?
A. Ca(NO3)2
1. If cells are placed in a hypertonic solution, ________.
A. water diffuses out of the cells and the cells shrink in a process called crenation
Which ionic compound is not soluble in water?
AgCl
Which of the following would increase the solubility of gaseous O2 in water?
Both A and D are correct
Which is not an example of a solution?
Chicken noodle soup
1. All nonvolatile solutes are ionic compounds that do not readily escape into the vapor phase, and thus they have a negligible vapor pressure at a given temperature.
F
1. Dialysis is a process that involves the selective passage of water, protein molecules, and ions across a semipermeable membrane.
F
1. In solution formation, solvation always releases more energy than that required to separate particles, so the overall process is always exothermic.
F
1. Liquid solutions are always transparent and colorless.
F
1. The greater the number of dissolved particles in a solution, the lower the solution's osmotic pressure.
F
1. The solubility of gases increases with increasing temperature.
F
A 6.10 M NaCl solution is made by adding 356 g of NaCl to a flask that contains 1.00 L of water
F
A 6.10 M NaCl solution is made by adding 356 g of NaCl to a flask that contains 1.00 L of water.
F
A solution containing the maximum number of grams of solute that can dissolve in the solvent is said to be supersaturated.
F
All nonvolatile solutes are ionic compounds that do not readily escape into the vapor phase, and thus they have a negligible vapor pressure at a given temperature.
F
An aqueous solution with the label 0.25 M sucrose contains 0.25 grams of sucrose in every 1 L of solution.
F
Any mixture of two or more components is a solution.
F
Dialysis is a process that involves the selective passage of water, protein molecules, and ions across a semipermeable membrane.
F
Dilution is the addition of solute to decrease the concentration of solvent.
F
Heptane (C7H16) is soluble in water.
F
In solution formation, solvation always releases more energy than that required to separate particles, so the overall process is always exothermic.
F
Liquid solutions are always transparent and colorless.
F
Only solids dissolve in water to form solutions
F
Only solids dissolve in water to form solutions.
F
Osmosis is the passage of water and small molecules across a semipermeable membrane from a solution of high solute concentration to a solution of lower solute concentration.
F
Pure water has an osmotic pressure of 1 atm.
F
Since living cells are surrounded by biological solutions separated by a semipermeable membrane, the osmotic pressure must be higher in the cell than outside the cell membrane.
F
The greater the number of dissolved particles in a solution, the lower the solution's osmotic pressure
F
The ionic compound CaCO3 is soluble in water
F
The ionic compound CaCO3 is soluble in water.
F
The solubility of gases increases with increasing temperature.
F
When calculating the concentration of a solution in units of parts per million, the "parts" must be expressed in units of grams.
F
Which substance is a nonelectrolyte?
H2O2
Red Blood Cells are placed into a solution, and the cells begin to swell in a process called hemolysis. How should the solution be classified?
Hypotonic
What interactions are responsible for holding dissolved Cl- ions in an aqueous solution?
Ion-dipole attractions between Cl- ions and the hydrogen atoms of water
Which substance is a colloid?
Mayonnaise
1. Which of the following pairs of compounds forms a solution?
Methanol (CH3OH) and water
1. A liquid solution that contains a nonvolatile solute has a higher boiling point than the solvent alone.
T
1. For most ionic and molecular solids, solubility generally increases as temperature increases.
T
1. Methanol (CH3OH) is soluble in water.
T
1. The boiling point of a solution that contains 0.64 mol of Mg(NO3)2 in 1.00 kg of water is 100.98 °C.
T
A liquid solution that contains a nonvolatile solute has a higher boiling point than the solvent alone.
T
A nonvolatile solute makes it harder for solvent molecules to form a crystalline solid, thus decreasing its melting point.
T
A solution can be made less concentrated by adding additional solvent.
T
Colligative properties are properties of a solution that depend on the concentration of the solute particles but not their identity.
T
Compared to the pure solvent, the freezing point depression caused by adding 0.05 mol of sucrose to 1.0 L of water is greater than the boiling point elevation of the same solution.
T
Ethylene glycol is more soluble in water than propane.
T
For most ionic and molecular solids, solubility generally increases as temperature increases.
T
Methanol (CH3OH) is soluble in water.
T
Nonpolar compounds are soluble in nonpolar solvents and insoluble in polar solvents.
T
The concentration unit of weight/volume percent concentration, (w/v)%, is the number of grams of solute dissolved in 100 mL of solution.
T
The ionic compound (NH4)2SO4 is soluble in water.
T
The presence of a solute reduces the vapor pressure of the solvent above the solution, raising its boiling point.
T
The solubility of Ba(NO3)2 in water is lower at 25 °C than at 50 °C
T
The solubility of Ba(NO3)2 in water is lower at 25 °C than at 50 °C.
T
The solubility of KI in water at 20 °C is 140 g KI/100 g H2O. If 160 g of KI is mixed with 150 g of water, all of the KI will dissolve and the solution that results will be unsaturated.
T
The solubility of helium gas in water is greater at 25 °C than at 50 °C.
T
Vitamin D is tested for its solubility in water and benzene (C6H6), and is found to be insoluble in water and soluble in benzene. These solubility results indicate that Vitamin D is most likely a nonpolar compound.
T
An unknown amount of water is added to 75 mL of a 3.5 M aqueous glucose solution. What can be said about the concentration of the resulting solution?
The concentration of the resultant glucose solution will be less than 3.5 M
The attraction of an ion with a dipole in a molecule is called ________.
an ion-dipole interaction
Which of the following would increase the solubility of solid NaCl in water ________.
increasing the temperature of the solution
Nonpolar compounds are soluble in ________.
nonpolar solvents
Henry's law states that the solubility of a gas in a liquid is proportional to the ________.
partial pressure of the gas above the liquid
If cells are placed in an isotonic solution, ________.
water diffuses into and out of the cell to an equal extent
Which solution has the lowest boiling point?If cells are placed in an isotonic solution, ________.
water diffuses into and out of the cell to an equal extent
If cells are placed in a hypertonic solution, ________.
water diffuses out of the cells and the cells shrink in a process called crenation