Chp 5 female pelvis

How many layers does the uterus have?

3 Serosa, myometrium, & endometrium

A hydrated patient usually drinks __________ ounces of fluid to fill the urinary bladder, whereas __________________ patient may require more fluid to fill the badder.

32 oz Dehydrated

To obtain standard pelvic sonogram guidelines for sonographers, which of the following organizations' websites would you use?

AIUM & ACR

False pelvis

Also known as greater or major pelvis; area superior to & anger to the pelvic brim

Linea terminalis

Also known as innominate line; line drawn from the pubic crest to the arcuate line dividing the true & false pelvis

True pelvis

Also known as lesser or minor pelvis; portion of the pelvic cavity inferior & posterior to the pelvic brim

Ilopectinal line

Also known as pelvic brim or line terminalis; inner surface of the pubic & ilium bones contains a bony ridge that serves as the line dividing the true & false pelvis

Pouch of douglas

Also known as posterior cul-de-sec or the rectouterine rcess;

Space of retzius

Also known as properitoneal space; space between pubic symphysis & urinary bladder

Anterior cul-de-sac

Also known as vesicouterine recess; potential space between the uterus & the urinary bladder

A uterus lying in a plane perpendicular to the ultrasound beam entering through a full bladder is labeled:

Anteflexed

Orthogonal

At right angles (perpendicular)

Where do the ureters insert in to the bladder?

At the trigone area

Reteocession

Backward displacement of the entire uterus

Anteflexion

Bending of the fundus toward the abdominal wall

Retroflexed *

Bending of the fundus toward the rectum

The space of Retzius (properitoneal space) is located;

Between the urinary bladder & symphysis pubis

Which bones comprise the pelvic skeleton?

Coccyx, sacrum, & two innominate bones

Retroversionflexion

Combination of retroveriosn & retroflexion

Iliospoas muscle

Combination of the psoas major, psoas minor & iliacus muscles

Follicular atresia

Degeneration & reabsorption of the follicle before maturity

Levopostion

Displacement to the left

Dexteopostion

Displacement to the right

The broad ligament is not a true ligament. It is a/an __________________ of the ______________.

Double fold Peritoneum

Prolape

Dropping of the uterus into the vaginal canal

The technique offering the most direct assesement of pelvic anatomny is

EVS

T or F Fat & smooth muscles are less echogenic than skeleton muscles?

False the are more echogenic

Corpora albicantia

Fibrous tissue that replaces the corpus luteum

Levoflexed

Flexed to the left

Detroflexed

Flexed to the right

The segments of the uterus include what?

Fundus, corpus & cervix

The cross-sectional shape of the iliospoas muscle appears on ultrasound as a/an;

Hook with bulbous medial limb

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

Hormone that stimulates growth & maturation of the ovarian Graafian follicle; the anterior pituitary gland secretes the hormone

What organs are in the false pelvis

Ileum, sigmoid colon

Hypertrophy

Increase in size

During an EV ultrasound, slight residual Uribe in the bladder will help identify the;

Internal os of the cervix

What does EVS provide for the pelvic organs?

It provides a close up detailed imaging of the pelvic organs

TAS imaging provides what to the pelvic structures?

It provides global view

The ________________ & ______________ make up the external genitalia.

Labia major & labia minora

Fundus

Latin anatomical term referring to the portion of an organ opposite from its opening

An imaginary line between the true & false pelvis is;

Linea terminalis

Mittelschmerz is

Midcylce pain often associated with ovulation

Cysts of the cervix are caused by occluded cervical glands & are known as;

Nabothain cysts

Contralateral

On the opposite side

Ispilateral

On the same side

What organs are in the true pelvis

Pelvic colon, rectum, bladder, uterus, ovaries, Fallopian tubes, vagina, suspensory ligament

The external genitalia, urinary bladder & urethra, uterus, Fallopian tubes & vagina, ovaries, colon, & rectum are classified as _________________.

Pelvic organ

The _________________ muscles is most likely to be seen with a very full urinary bladder.

Piriformis

Contraindications of TVS include ________________________ & _______________________ virgins.

Premature rupture of membranes Prepubertal

A transverse pelvic scan demonstrates two abdominal & pelvic muscles: ____________ & ________________.

Psoas rectus abdominis.

With endovaginal sonography the cervix of an ANTEVERTED uterus is seen on the __________ of the screen, whereas the fundus of he ANTEVERTED uterus is found on the _________ of the screen?

Right side Left side

When selecting a transducer for a transabdominal ultrasound on a thin patient, the most appropriate would be;

Sector

The uterine layers are:

Serosal (perimtrium); myometrium, muscular, endometrium, mucosal

Serosa

Serous membrane enclosing an organ that often excretes lubricanting serous fluid

A ____________________, which leads seals the uterus from bacteria during pregnancy, generated in the glands of the mucosa of the _____________ canal.

Sticky mucous plug Endovaginal

Choose the sonographic method that uses lower frequency transducer

TAS

Name the 3 proteins of the bladder:

The apex, base, & neck

What is he largest portion of the uterus?

The corpus

What are the pelvic organs?

The external genitalia, urinary bladder, urethra, uterus, Fallopian tubes, vagina, ovaries colon and rectum

What does the true pelvis contain?

The reproductive organs

What is the pelvic skeletons composed of?

The sacrum, coccyx & two innominate bones

A partially filled bladder demonstrates its walls as _________________, whereas a distended bladder demonstrates _____________ walls.

Thick Thin

The vagina is

Thin -walled, 7 cm to 10 cm long, & produces a moderately hypoechoic pattern

Antevered *

Tipping of the uterus toward the anterior abdominal wall. This is the usual position of the uterus with an empty bladder.

Retroverted *

Tippling of the entire uterus toward the sacrum

Common transducer endovaginal manipulations include all of the following except:

Transverse oblique approach

What organs are extraperitoneally located?

Urinary bladder, uterus, & rectum

_______________________ can seen with color Doppler or high gain in gray- scale imaging when the ureteral valve opens with a bolus of urine to the bladder.

Urinary jets

One branch of the internal iliac artery is of importance to sonographers because it is accessible via a Doppler evaluation using an endovaginal approach. This artery is the

Uterine artery

What is lateral to the uterus?

Uterine vessels, broad ligaments, Fallopian tubes, & ovaries

Ovaries should be measured using a:

Volume calculation (length x width x height/ 2= volume in cm3)

It is not uncommon to see anterior echos (artifact) in the bladder. They are:

Wall reverberation

Three functions of the female pelvis are: _____________, __________________, & _________________.

Weight bearing, directs the pathway & protects

A gassy bowel can be ________________ away from the field of view by filling the urinary bladder, which provides a/an _______________ window into pelvic structures.

displaced Acoustic