Chp 5 female pelvis
How many layers does the uterus have?
3 Serosa, myometrium, & endometrium
A hydrated patient usually drinks __________ ounces of fluid to fill the urinary bladder, whereas __________________ patient may require more fluid to fill the badder.
32 oz Dehydrated
To obtain standard pelvic sonogram guidelines for sonographers, which of the following organizations' websites would you use?
AIUM & ACR
False pelvis
Also known as greater or major pelvis; area superior to & anger to the pelvic brim
Linea terminalis
Also known as innominate line; line drawn from the pubic crest to the arcuate line dividing the true & false pelvis
True pelvis
Also known as lesser or minor pelvis; portion of the pelvic cavity inferior & posterior to the pelvic brim
Ilopectinal line
Also known as pelvic brim or line terminalis; inner surface of the pubic & ilium bones contains a bony ridge that serves as the line dividing the true & false pelvis
Pouch of douglas
Also known as posterior cul-de-sec or the rectouterine rcess;
Space of retzius
Also known as properitoneal space; space between pubic symphysis & urinary bladder
Anterior cul-de-sac
Also known as vesicouterine recess; potential space between the uterus & the urinary bladder
A uterus lying in a plane perpendicular to the ultrasound beam entering through a full bladder is labeled:
Anteflexed
Orthogonal
At right angles (perpendicular)
Where do the ureters insert in to the bladder?
At the trigone area
Reteocession
Backward displacement of the entire uterus
Anteflexion
Bending of the fundus toward the abdominal wall
Retroflexed *
Bending of the fundus toward the rectum
The space of Retzius (properitoneal space) is located;
Between the urinary bladder & symphysis pubis
Which bones comprise the pelvic skeleton?
Coccyx, sacrum, & two innominate bones
Retroversionflexion
Combination of retroveriosn & retroflexion
Iliospoas muscle
Combination of the psoas major, psoas minor & iliacus muscles
Follicular atresia
Degeneration & reabsorption of the follicle before maturity
Levopostion
Displacement to the left
Dexteopostion
Displacement to the right
The broad ligament is not a true ligament. It is a/an __________________ of the ______________.
Double fold Peritoneum
Prolape
Dropping of the uterus into the vaginal canal
The technique offering the most direct assesement of pelvic anatomny is
EVS
T or F Fat & smooth muscles are less echogenic than skeleton muscles?
False the are more echogenic
Corpora albicantia
Fibrous tissue that replaces the corpus luteum
Levoflexed
Flexed to the left
Detroflexed
Flexed to the right
The segments of the uterus include what?
Fundus, corpus & cervix
The cross-sectional shape of the iliospoas muscle appears on ultrasound as a/an;
Hook with bulbous medial limb
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
Hormone that stimulates growth & maturation of the ovarian Graafian follicle; the anterior pituitary gland secretes the hormone
What organs are in the false pelvis
Ileum, sigmoid colon
Hypertrophy
Increase in size
During an EV ultrasound, slight residual Uribe in the bladder will help identify the;
Internal os of the cervix
What does EVS provide for the pelvic organs?
It provides a close up detailed imaging of the pelvic organs
TAS imaging provides what to the pelvic structures?
It provides global view
The ________________ & ______________ make up the external genitalia.
Labia major & labia minora
Fundus
Latin anatomical term referring to the portion of an organ opposite from its opening
An imaginary line between the true & false pelvis is;
Linea terminalis
Mittelschmerz is
Midcylce pain often associated with ovulation
Cysts of the cervix are caused by occluded cervical glands & are known as;
Nabothain cysts
Contralateral
On the opposite side
Ispilateral
On the same side
What organs are in the true pelvis
Pelvic colon, rectum, bladder, uterus, ovaries, Fallopian tubes, vagina, suspensory ligament
The external genitalia, urinary bladder & urethra, uterus, Fallopian tubes & vagina, ovaries, colon, & rectum are classified as _________________.
Pelvic organ
The _________________ muscles is most likely to be seen with a very full urinary bladder.
Piriformis
Contraindications of TVS include ________________________ & _______________________ virgins.
Premature rupture of membranes Prepubertal
A transverse pelvic scan demonstrates two abdominal & pelvic muscles: ____________ & ________________.
Psoas rectus abdominis.
With endovaginal sonography the cervix of an ANTEVERTED uterus is seen on the __________ of the screen, whereas the fundus of he ANTEVERTED uterus is found on the _________ of the screen?
Right side Left side
When selecting a transducer for a transabdominal ultrasound on a thin patient, the most appropriate would be;
Sector
The uterine layers are:
Serosal (perimtrium); myometrium, muscular, endometrium, mucosal
Serosa
Serous membrane enclosing an organ that often excretes lubricanting serous fluid
A ____________________, which leads seals the uterus from bacteria during pregnancy, generated in the glands of the mucosa of the _____________ canal.
Sticky mucous plug Endovaginal
Choose the sonographic method that uses lower frequency transducer
TAS
Name the 3 proteins of the bladder:
The apex, base, & neck
What is he largest portion of the uterus?
The corpus
What are the pelvic organs?
The external genitalia, urinary bladder, urethra, uterus, Fallopian tubes, vagina, ovaries colon and rectum
What does the true pelvis contain?
The reproductive organs
What is the pelvic skeletons composed of?
The sacrum, coccyx & two innominate bones
A partially filled bladder demonstrates its walls as _________________, whereas a distended bladder demonstrates _____________ walls.
Thick Thin
The vagina is
Thin -walled, 7 cm to 10 cm long, & produces a moderately hypoechoic pattern
Antevered *
Tipping of the uterus toward the anterior abdominal wall. This is the usual position of the uterus with an empty bladder.
Retroverted *
Tippling of the entire uterus toward the sacrum
Common transducer endovaginal manipulations include all of the following except:
Transverse oblique approach
What organs are extraperitoneally located?
Urinary bladder, uterus, & rectum
_______________________ can seen with color Doppler or high gain in gray- scale imaging when the ureteral valve opens with a bolus of urine to the bladder.
Urinary jets
One branch of the internal iliac artery is of importance to sonographers because it is accessible via a Doppler evaluation using an endovaginal approach. This artery is the
Uterine artery
What is lateral to the uterus?
Uterine vessels, broad ligaments, Fallopian tubes, & ovaries
Ovaries should be measured using a:
Volume calculation (length x width x height/ 2= volume in cm3)
It is not uncommon to see anterior echos (artifact) in the bladder. They are:
Wall reverberation
Three functions of the female pelvis are: _____________, __________________, & _________________.
Weight bearing, directs the pathway & protects
A gassy bowel can be ________________ away from the field of view by filling the urinary bladder, which provides a/an _______________ window into pelvic structures.
displaced Acoustic
