Chpt 25 reproductive

103) On which of the following days would the level of GnRH be highest in a female? A) day of ovulation B) first day of menses C) 3 days before ovulation D) 3 days after ovulation

b

15) Contraction of the cremaster muscles A) relaxes the scrotal sac. B) pulls the testes closer to the body cavity. C) propels sperm through the urethra. D) moves sperm through the ductus deferens. E) both relaxes the scrotal sac and propels sperm through the urethra.

b

29) Sperm production occurs in the A) ductus deferens. B) seminiferous tubules. C) epididymis. D) seminal glands (seminal vesicles). E) rete testis.

b

44) The fold of skin that covers the glans penis is the A) ejaculatory duct. B) prepuce. C) corpus cavernosum. D) corpus spongiosum. E) penile urethra.

b

49) The pituitary hormone that stimulates the interstitial cells to secrete testosterone is A) FSH. B) LH. C) ACTH. D) ADH. E) GH.

b

5) The external marking of the boundary between the two testes is the A) spermatic cord. B) raphe. C) tunica albuginea. D) acrosome. E) dartos muscle.

b

52) A boy has a genetic mutation such that FSH is not produced, but LH is normal. After the boy grows to maturity, it is likely he will A) not develop secondary sex characteristics. B) be sterile. C) be impotent. D) have impaired function of the interstitial cells. E) produce large amounts of inhibin.

b

65) This is the structure that ruptures during ovulation. A) cortical gyrus B) tertiary follicle C) secondary follicle D) theca interna E) all of the above

b

77) During the proliferative phase of the uterine cycle, A) the corpus luteum is forming. B) the functional zone of the endometrium is restored. C) the fertilized ovum implants. D) all of the above E) none of the above

b

8) The male reproductive system is most closely associated with which of the following systems? A) muscular B) urinary C) endocrine D) digestive E) integumentary

b

98) A mature follicle releases an ovum in response to a surge in A) follicle-stimulating hormone. B) luteinizing hormone. C) estrogen. D) progesterone. E) oxytocin.

b

100) A sample of a woman's blood is analyzed for reproductive hormone levels. The results indicate a high level of progesterone, relatively high levels of inhibin, and low levels of FSH and LH. The female is most likely experiencing ________ of the uterine cycle. A) the proliferative phase B) menses C) the secretory phase D) menarche E) menopause

c

2) Inward projections of the tunica albuginea, known as septa, divide the testis into A) seminiferous tubules. B) straight tubules. C) lobules. D) rete testorum. E) the epididymis and the testis proper.

c

27) Which of the following occurs after a spermatogonium completes cell division? A) Mature spermatozoa enter the lumen. B) Fusion of diploid nuclei occurs. C) The daughter cell is directed toward the lumen of the seminiferous tubule. D) Gamete production accelerates. E) Spermiogenesis begins.

c

34) The organ that surrounds the urethra and produces an alkaline secretion is the A) seminal gland (seminal vesicle). B) bulbourethral gland. C) prostate gland. D) preputial gland. E) Bartholin's gland.

c

37) The organ that is posterior to the urinary bladder is (are) the A) prostate gland. B) bulbourethral gland. C) seminal glands (seminal vesicles). D) corpus cavernosum. E) preputial gland.

c

38) Where in the male reproductive system would you expect to find the most mature spermatozoa? A) in the seminiferous tubules B) in the head of the epididymis C) in the ductus deferens and ejaculatory duct D) in the seminal gland E) in the prostate gland

c

40) Sperm are moved along the ductus deferens by A) hydrostatic force. B) ciliary action. C) peristaltic contractions. D) suction. E) hydraulic action.

c

41) Contractions of the bulbospongiosus muscles result in A) erection. B) emission. C) ejaculation. D) detumescence. E) impotence.

c

43) The organ that delivers semen into the female reproductive tract is the A) urethra. B) ejaculatory duct. C) penis. D) corpus cavernosum. E) corpus spongiosum.

c

48) The primary role of FSH in males is to A) stimulate the interstitial cells to produce testosterone. B) stimulate the nurse cells to produce inhibin. C) initiate sperm production in the testes. D) develop and maintain secondary sex characteristics. E) influence sexual behaviors and sex drive.

c

66) The primary follicle develops from the A) ovarian hilum. B) ovarian follicles. C) primordial follicle. D) ovarian stroma. E) granulosa cells.

c

7) The dense layer of connective tissue that surrounds the testis is called the A) median raphe. B) spermatic cord. C) tunica albuginea. D) dartos. E) epididymis.

c

79) The termination of the uterine cycle at age 45-55 is called ________. A) menarche B) menstruation C) menopause D) basilar phase E) menses

c

93) The principal hormone secreted by the corpus luteum is A) LH. B) FSH. C) progesterone. D) luteosterone. E) estrogen.

c

95) The surge in luteinizing hormone that occurs during the middle of the ovarian cycle triggers A) follicle maturation. B) menstruation. C) ovulation. D) menopause. E) atresia.

c

55) Interstitial cells A) are found in the areolar tissue between the tubules. B) respond to luteinizing hormone. C) produce testosterone. D) all of the above E) none of the above

d

63) Each of the following statements concerning oogenesis is true, except that A) oogenesis begins before birth. B) ova develop from stem cells called oogonia. C) an ovum completes its last meiosis after it is fertilized. D) about half the oogonia complete mitosis between birth and puberty. E) by the time of their birth, girls have already lost about 80 percent of their oocytes.

d

76) The average length of the uterine cycle is A) 16 days. B) 19 days. C) 21 days. D) 28 days. E) 35 days.

d

78) Which of the following descriptions best matches the term endometrium? A) thick layer of smooth muscle cells B) supports the uterus anteriorly C) supports the uterus laterally D) consists of a basilar zone and a functional zone E) after ovulation, the ovum is captured by it

d

91) During the menses A) progesterone levels are high. B) a new uterine lining is formed. C) secretory glands and blood vessels develop in the endometrium. D) the old functional layer is sloughed off. E) the corpus luteum is most active.

d

94) Menstruation is triggered by a drop in the levels of A) FSH. B) LH. C) relaxin. D) progesterone. E) inhibin.

d

99) After ovulation, the ovary secretes A) luteinizing hormone. B) estrogen. C) progesterone. D) both estrogen and progesterone. E) luteinizing hormone, estrogen, and progesterone.

d

102) Follicle-stimulating hormone A) stimulates the thyroid follicles. B) stimulates spermatogenesis. C) stimulates maturation of primordial follicles in the ovary. D) is important only in females. E) stimulates spermatogenesis and stimulates maturation of primordial follicles in the ovary.

e

104) Which of the following statements about the uterine cycle is true? A) the first occurrence is termed menarche B) it is ultimately controlled by GnRH C) it is skipped in pregnancy D) it often involves painful myometrial contraction E) all are true

e

32) The small paired structures at the base of the penis that secrete a thick, alkaline mucus are the A) seminal vesicles. B) prostate glands. C) preputial glands. D) Bartholin glands. E) bulbo-urethral glands.

e

4) Which of the following muscles move the testes towards the body? A) the cremaster B) the tunica muscularis C) the biceps brachii D) the dartos E) both the cremaster and the dartos

e

47) Emission and ejaculation A) occurs under sympathetic stimulation. B) begins with peristaltic contractions of the ampulla. C) is responsible for propelling semen into the female reproductive tract. D) involves contractions of the bulbospongiosus muscle. E) all of the above

e

90) During the secretory phase of the uterine cycle A) the fertilized ovum implants. B) progesterone levels are high. C) endometrial glands enlarge. D) the corpus luteum is formed. E) all of the above

e

97) Which is the function of the ovaries? A) secretion of hormones B) production of oocytes C) formation of immature gametes D) secretion of inhibin E) all of the above

e

16) Contraction of the dartos muscle A) elevates the scrotal sac. B) produces an erection. C) propels sperm through the urethra. D) moves sperm through the ductus deferens. E) initiates seminal emission.

a

33) Spermatozoa are functionally matured within the A) epididymis. B) ductus deferens. C) rete testes. D) seminiferous tubules. E) seminal gland (seminal vesicle).

a

36) The organ that carries sperm from the epididymis to the urethra is the A) ductus deferens. B) epididymis. C) seminal gland (seminal vesicle). D) ejaculatory duct. E) corpus cavernosum.

a

39) Functions of the accessory glands of the male reproductive system include all of the following, except A) production of spermatozoa. B) meeting the nutrient needs of spermatozoa for motility. C) propelling spermatozoa and fluids along the reproductive tract. D) producing buffers. E) activating the spermatozoa.

a

53) Sperm cannot fertilize an ovum unless it has been in the female reproductive tract for several hours. This enhanced ability of the sperm to fertilize the ovum is called capacitation. In vitro studies indicate that freshly ejaculated sperm can fertilize the ovum if they are first rinsed in salt solution before being introduced to the ovum. These observations suggest that A) the process of capacitation involves the removal of some inhibiting substances from the sperm. B) the process of capacitation is temperature dependent. C) in capacitation, secretions of the female reproductive tract are taken up by the sperm. D) pH is an important factor in the process of capacitation. E) only sperm that come into contact with vaginal secretions are capable of fertilizing an ovum.

a

6) The spermatic cord is A) a bundle of tissue that contains the ductus deferens, blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics that serve the testis. B) a narrow opening that links the scrotal chamber with the peritoneal cavity. C) the external marking of the boundary between the two chambers of the scrotum. D) a layer of smooth muscle in the skin of the scrotal sac. E) a dense layer of connective tissue that surrounds the testis.

a

64) The granulosa cells of developing follicles secrete A) estrogens. B) progesterone. C) FSH. D) LH. E) GnRH.

a

67) Which of the following is greater? A) the number of primordial follicles in the ovaries at birth B) the number of primordial follicles in the ovaries at puberty

a

92) The uterine phase that develops because of a fall in progesterone levels is A) the menses. B) the proliferative phase. C) the secretory phase. D) the follicular phase. E) the luteal phase.

a

96) A rise in the blood levels of follicle-stimulating hormone at the beginning of the ovarian cycle is responsible for A) follicle maturation. B) menstruation. C) ovulation. D) menopause. E) atresia.

a

1) What is the function of gonads? A) produce gametes B) transport gametes C) produce hormones D) produce gametes and produce hormones E) none of the above

d

101) Secondary sexual characteristics A) may develop in response to testosterone. B) may develop in response to estrogen. C) are usually apparent at birth. D) may develop in response to testosterone or estrogen. E) none of the above

d

28) Interstitial cells produce A) sperm. B) inhibin. C) nutrients. D) androgens. E) androgen-binding protein.

d

3) The reproductive system includes A) gonads and external genitalia. B) ducts that receive and transport the gametes. C) accessory glands and organs that secrete fluids. D) all of the above E) none of the above

d

30) Nurse cells A) are found in the seminiferous tubules. B) form the blood-testis barrier. C) coordinate spermatogenesis. D) all of the above E) none of the above

d

31) Arrange the four structures listed below into the order in which sperm pass from the testis to the urethral meatus. 1. ductus deferens 2. urethra 3. ejaculatory duct 4. epididymis A) 1, 3, 4, 2 B) 4, 3, 1, 2 C) 4, 1, 2, 3 D) 4, 1, 3, 2 E) 1, 4, 3, 2

d

35) The organ that monitors and adjusts the composition of tubular fluid, recycles damaged spermatozoa, and is the site of sperm maturation is the A) ductus deferens. B) rete testis. C) seminal gland (seminal vesicle). D) epididymis. E) prostate gland.

d

42) For erection to occur A) there must be sufficient blood hydrostatic pressure. B) the sacral spinal cord must be intact. C) nitric oxide must be present. D) all of the above E) none of the above

d

45) The erectile tissue that surrounds the urethra is the A) membranous urethra. B) penile urethra. C) glans penis. D) corpus spongiosum. E) corpus cavernosum.

d

46) The paired erectile bodies in the penis are the A) membranous urethra. B) penile urethra. C) corpus spongiosum. D) corpora cavernosa. E) prepuce.

d

50) Testosterone is secreted by the A) hypothalamus. B) adenohypophysis. C) nurse cells. D) interstitial cells. E) suprarenal cortex.

d

51) A male bodybuilder starts taking injections of testosterone (an anabolic steroid) on a daily basis. After 3 weeks, which of the following would you expect to observe? A) increased sex drive B) decreased levels of GnRH C) decreased levels of LH and FSH D) all of the above E) none of the above

d

54) The nurse cells of the seminiferous tubules do all of the following, except that they A) maintain the blood-testis barrier. B) support spermiogenesis. C) secrete inhibin. D) secrete testosterone. E) secrete androgen-binding protein.

d