CIS 422 Quiz Questions

After applying MoSCoW requirement prioritization, which is the only requirement type that you are guaranteed to have in the product? a.M b.S c.C d.W e.none of the above

A. M-ust have S-hould have C-ould have W-ould have

Which type of maintenance is associated with adapting the system to new or changed user requirements? a. adaptive b. perfective c. corrective d. perturbative e. preventive

B. Corrective - repair erroneous software in the system Adaptive - adapting the software to changes in the environment, such as new hardware or the next release of an operating system or database system perfective - adapting the software to new or changed user requirements, such as extra functions to be provided by the system, improving the systems performance, or enhancing it user interface preventive - increasing the system/s future maintainability, for example by updating documentation or adding comments to source code, or improving the modular structure of the system

Prototyping Model

Creates a series of prototypes to help refine requirements Has less functionality than the final system (speed and robustness) design->implement->test->maintain

Iterative Model - also called "Incremental Development"

Sequence of iterations - series of waterfalls - builds on previous - produces complete set of work products - customers provide feedback on each release - no "maintenance" phase

Waterfall Modle risks

The more time between when an error is introduced and when it is corrected the create the cost (long feedback loop) Problem of temporal distance: if an error occurs at requirements analysis, it travels all the way down until the end of the waterfall. It can create a while before the error is even noticed

What is the final stage of evolutionary reuse? a. reuse is institutionalized and automated b. reuse is structured c. reuse is ad hoc d. reuse is non-existent e. none of the above

a.

Which of these do not appear in an architectural style description? a. situations in which use of this style is not appropriate b. a description of the type of problem this style addresses c. constraints introduced by characteristics of the environment d. a description of the solution in terms of components and connectors e. a description of specializations which differ from the general style

a.

Which of these is not a characteristic of a hierarchical organization? a. most decisions are taken at a very high level b. the higher one rises in the hierarchy, the less specific knowledge a manager has about the system c. technical work is done at the team level d. management happens at all levels e. signals from a lower level are often subsumed at the next level up

a.

Which of these is not part of a project plan? a. Compensation b. Work Packages c. Quality Assurance d. Risks e. Process Model

a. Work Packages - each work package is a manageable piece that can be allocated to an individual team member Quality Assurance - rules to be followed to guarantee system meets specified quality requirements Risks - anticipated risks to project success and measures to address Process model - which activities are to be undertaken, milestones being reached, and critical paths

Which of these elicitation techniques is not focused on future requirements? a. Domain analysis b. Task analysis c. Use-case analysis d. Business process redesign e. Prototyping

a. Domain analysis is focused on current requirements

Which of these is not a general principle for organizing a team? a. If a person does not fit the team, have the other team members coach and mentor that individual b. Use fewer, better, people c. try to fit tasks to the capabilities and motivation of the available people d. help people to get the most from themselves? e. select people to ensure a well-balanced and harmonious team

a. If we wait to see how a person or team acts, we can have a negative gain in production

Which of these concept pairs are not related? a. product dimension - bash scripts b. usage dimension - black-box c. technique dimension - reuse achieved by composing a new system from existing components d. approach dimension - ad hoc, opportunistic reuse e. substance dimension - what is being reused

a. bash scripts dont really help with product dimension

What is the best example of architecture reuse in computer science? a. linker b. programming language compiler c. text editor d. email reader e. chat application

a. bison, Yacc, etc. joe talked about it in class

Which of these is not a UI design principle? a. heavy use of color b. minimal surprise c. recoverability d. user familiarity e. consistency

a. do you really want to see purple, blue, green, pink all in the same web page?

Which of these is not a common risk example in software development projects? a. fluctuating exchange rates between the US Dollar and the Chinese Renminbi b. unstable requirements c. project team communications are faulty d. insufficient shared knowledge of critical subsystems across the project team e. system will not meet user needs

a. fluctuating exchange rates between the US dollar and the Chinese Renminbi are not related to software development projects in the grand generalized scheme of things.

Which of these is not a true statement about software architecture? a. it is only concerned with functional requirements from the stakeholders b. it is a transferable abstraction of a system c. it reflects early, essential design decisions d. it is a vehicle for communication among stakeh olders e. it is influenced by the background and expertise of the architect

a. functional requirements from stakeholders are not the only concern for software architecture.

Which phase of the software lifecycle is primarily associated with dynamic testing techniques? a. implementation b. requirements c. design d. installation e. all of the above

a. if we had a formal specification of the design, we could dynamically test it using formal analysis tools

Which of these is not a design property that affects quality issues? a. runtime complexity b. modularity c. information hiding d. abstraction e. system structure

a. runtime is not a design property. runtime complexity will be an issue in implementation (probably)

What type of UML diagram is shown? (see study guide #30) a. communication b. activity c. deployment d. package e. none of the above

a. uses sequence numbers (mandatory) to show the order of related objects

When should one generate the test plan for a product? a. after validating requirements b. after coding and integrating the implementation c. after completing the system design d. after completing the architectural specification e. after completing unit tests

a. validating requirements means: - correctness - completeness - unambiguity - internal consistency

What is Validation in the context of Software Engineering? a. Does the system meet its technical requirements? b. Does the system meet its user requirements? c. Does the system meet its commercial requirements? d. Does the system meet its temporal requirements? e. Does the system meet its ethical requirements?

b.

Why are state machine diagrams (SMDs) useful? a. an SMD enables us to model the connections between objects b. an SMD enables us to model an object's life cycle c. an SMD enables us to model how objects are composed of other objects d. an SMD enables us to model the communications between objects e. none of the above

b.

Which of the following structural relationships yields a call graph? a. contains b. uses c. follows d. delivers e. none of the above

b. "a good design should have a tree-like call graph" component A contains component B component A follows component B component A delivers data to component B component A uses component B

Which is the worst challenge in an open source development project? a. motivation to remain active b. communication between developers c. too many bug reports from active users d. a large number of co-developers e. disagreement among core developers

b. All the other answers hold true, but specifically communication between developers is the worst challenge due to the floating community membership and the lack of formal documentation

Which style is typically used to manage a richly structured body of information? a. implicit invocation b. repository c. main-program-with-subroutines d. layers e. pipes and filters

b. Think of git. it has a bunch of different pieces of information all grouped into one large repository

For control-flow coverage, which approach provides more thorough coverage? a. all-nodes coverage b. multiple condition coverage c. all-edges coverage d. all-paths coverage e. all-uses coverage

b. all possible combinations of elementary predicates in conditions are covered by the tests

Which of these statements is not true with respect to requirements? a. The requirements specification is the basis for a contract between the client of the system and the development organization. b. Requirements are non-negotiable. c.Many different stakeholders with respect to a particular system may present requirements that the system must meet. d. A requirement is "a condition or capability needed by a user to solve a problem or achieve an objective". e. The requirements specification reflects the mutual understanding of the problem to be solved between the analyst and the client.

b. requirements are negotiable. Think of the MoSCow method of thinking about this.

Which of the following attributes for a requirement specification is not mandated by the IEEE? a. unambiguous b. unmodifiable c. complete d. verifiable e. internally consistent

b. the product SHOULD be modifiable

Which "asking" type of requirement elicitation is iterative? a. interview b. brainstorm c. Delphi d. questionnaire e. none of the above

c. Delphi is an iterative technique to enable less articulate or pushy users to have equal influence on the system

Which of these statements is not true for a SWAT team? a. typically employs reusable components b. relatively small teams c. often used with a waterfall process model d. no formal meetings; use brainstorming sessions around a whiteboard e. the communication channels are kept short

c. SWAT team uses iterative process model

Given the chart shown, which of the following is a critical path? a. Design->Code B->Test b. Design->Code A->Code B->Test c. Design->Code A->Test d. Design->Code A->Test plan->Code B->Test e.none of the above

c. critical path contains the most units of time to complete before the nodes that have slack time.

Which of these it not true when specifying non-functional requirements? a. users often have difficulty expressing true quality requirements, and may ask for too much just to be on the safe side b. quality requirements should be expressed in objective, measurable terms c. the customer is king, so you must accept all non-functional requirements as stated by the customer d. non-functional requirements are usually non-negotiable e. none of the above

c. customer is not king

Which of the following is not an aspect of a control graph? a. nodes denote actions/statements b. directed edges connect actions with subsequent actions in time c. nodes are restricted to a single outgoing edge d. a path is a sequence of nodes connected by edges e. none of the above

c. doesnt seem right, idk

Which of the following completes the data abstraction hierarchy shown? primitive data types->structures/records->________?________ ->abstract data types a. procedures b. arrays c. organizations of structures/records d. layers e. databases

c. e.g., stack, map array-> linkedlist -> stack (in my way of thinking about it)

Which of these statements about the backlog component of the global architecture design workflow is not true? a. its contents may change as a result of evaluation of the current transformational step b. it is influenced by the requirements obtained from the stakeholders c. it is less important than other components of the workflow d. it influenced by available assets that can be used e. it holds work items that have yet to be processed

c. every process in global architecture design workflow loops back to backlog

Which of the following is not true of black-box testing? a. also called functional testing b. test cases are derived from the software specification c. used to check for conformance to non-functional requirements d. also called specification-based testing e. none of the above

c. function has to be made to test

Which of the following is not an aspect of testing during the design phase of a system? a. check consistency between design and requirement specification b. evaluate the software architecture c. test the design d. generate structural and functional test data e. none of the above

c. should be formal verification techniques

What relationship between classes does this diagram depict? (see study guide #28) a. composition b. dependency c. generalization d. indirection e. aggregation

c. shows inheritance. book is-a publication journal is-a publication

Which of these is not true about a work breakdown structure? a. it is a graphical depiction of a project and its constituent activities b. it provides sufficient detail to create a schedule for implementing the project c. each activity has a well-defined start d. leaf node activities correspond to unit tasks e. each activity has a well-defined end

c. start event is usually the end of another activity

Which of the following interaction styles is best for power users? a. menu selection b. natural language c. command language d. form fill-in e. all of the above

c. think of terminal commands. doesnt really help much if you dont put the proper flags/args

What is architectural style? a. a measure of the programming flair used by the development team b. part of the design of a window system c. an abstraction of the specifics of an architecture d. a description of the process used to define an architecture e. a description of fine-grained features, such as Corinthian columns

d

What type of chart is shown? (see study guide #34) a. Gantt b. activity-on-arrow c. CPM d. PERT e. none of the above

d.

Which of these is not a behavioral UML diagram type? a. sequence b. timing c. communication d. object/instance e. use case

d.

Which of these statements is not an issue with regards to using natural language specifications? a. an important aspect of a solution is not mentioned b. natural language often allows more than one meaning for a phrase c. the same aspect is described two or more times differently d. one cannot express requirements in the first person e. implementation details find their way into the specification

d. "I solve object X" - no, I didn't. the project did

How do we express the adequacy of a particular test set used in mutation testing? a. ratio of total mutants to (live mutants - dead mutants) b. ratio of (live mutants + dead mutants) to total mutants c. ratio of live mutants to dead mutants d. ratio of dead mutants to total mutants e. ratio of live mutants to total mutants

d. #dead mutants / # of total mutants tests 1/100000 -< good ratio, my guy

Which of the following process models is not an agile method? a. prototyping b. spiral c. rapid application development d. waterfall e. extreme programming

d. Agile methods have cycles that adds to an existing build (prototyping). Since agile methods work in iterative cycles, they talk to stakeholders to continue on for the next iteration (spiral) rapid application development (RAD) exhibits key characteristics in customer collaborations Extreme programming is a "pure" agile method

Which of these describes the desired design goal for a system of components? a. minimize cohesion and maximize coupling b. minimize cohesion and minimize coupling c. maximize cohesion and maximize coupling d. maximize cohesion and minimize coupling e. none of the above

d. Cohesion Levels: incidental - elements are grouped into components in a haphazard way logical - elements realize tasks that are logically related temporal - elements are independent but are activated at about the same point in time procedural - elements have to be executed in a given order communicational - elements operate on the same external data Sequential - sequence of elements in which the output of one element is the input to the next element in the sequence Functional - all elements contribute to a single function Data - components that encapsulate an abstract data type Coupling levels: Data- only simple data Is passed between components Stamp - complete data structures are passed from components Control - one component directs the execution of another by passing the necessary control information External - components communicate through an external medium, such as a file Common - two components have shared, global data Content - one component directly affects the working of another component we want to make cohesion as strong as possible a small value of coupling is a desirable property of a design

Which of the following is not a connector type? a. procedure call b. instantiation c. implicit invocation d. pipe and filter e. data flow

d. Connector types contain: - procedure call - data flow - implicit invocation - message passing - shared data - instantiation

Which statement below is false? a. Sometimes the UI is separately prototyped in parallel with other SE activities. b. The UI design process is iterative. c. Users and designers interact through prototypes during the design process. d. The UI is frozen at the end of the design process. e. None of the above

d. UI can be changed after design process

Which of the following is not a coverage-based testing technique? a. all statements in the program should be executed at least once b. all conditional branches should be followed at least once c. all basic requirements from the requirements spec should be exercised at least once d. a test set must find at least 95% of faults seeded into a program e. none of the above

d. a test set must find at least 95% of faults seeded into a program belongs to Fault-based testing

Which lifecycle phase is most affected by reuse? a. testing b. implementation c. detailed design d. architectural design e. requirements engineering

d. architectural design is where the overall structure of the software is planned

Which of the following elements does not need to be documented for a design decision? a. an explanation of why this decision was chosen b. the status of this decision c. design issues addressed by this decision d. alternatives considered for this decision e. the relative financial cost of this decision

d. only really important design decisions should be documented. alternatives leaves room for error/unclarity

Which requirements engineering process is missing from the figure? (see study guide #37) a. Qualification b. Restoration c. Transposition d. Validation e. Verification

d. validation and verification is the agreement on the problem description

Which is not an artifact of a completed software design process? a. Requirements specification b. quality assurance plan d error log e. technical specification

d. The software design process has requirements specification->design->specification->implementation->program->testing->working program-> maintainance

What do Module Interconnection Languages and Architectural Description Languages have in common? a. treat connectors as first-class citizens b. emphasize components and use relations between components c. describe the topology of the resulting system d. all of the above e. none of the above

e.

Which of these statements about middleware is true? a. middleware shields applications from the underlying technology. b. based upon a contract between client object and server object c. interface definition languages are used to define the contract between a client object and a server object d. CORBA is the best -known example of distributed system middleware. e. all of the above

e.

Which is the most common structural UML diagram type? a. Package b. Deployment c. Composite d. Component e. Class

e. - HAS A relationship

Given the statistics quoted in the book, what percentage of design errors are not discovered until the software has become operational? a. 0% b. 100% c. 33% d. 50% e. 66%

e. 60% design 40% implementation 66% after software has become operational

Which of these is not a reason why interfaces are crucially important? a. increases component comprehensibility b. drastically reduces the likelihood that changes within a component will propagate to other components c. correctness proofs become easier to derive d. increases component reusability e. provides strong coupling to other components

e. Interfaces provide weak coupling between components and strong cohesion among a component's elements

Which of these is not a true statement about programming plans? a. experts tend to recall program fragments that correspond to plan structures before they recall other elements of the program b. program fragments that correspond to stereotypical actions are included in a program plan c. a program plan includes rules that describe programming conventions d. a design pattern is an example of a program plan e. program plans are devised from first principles

e. a-d are abstractions that are useful during the design, implementation, and maintenance of software

Which of the following is not a usability attribute used to evaluate a UI? a. learnability b. robustness c. recoverability d. adaptability e. none of the above

e. add on speed of operation.

Which of these is not a reuse dimension? a. substance b. scope c. approach d. technique e. none of the above

e. add usage and product to list

Which of these it not a step in the application of test-driven development? a. add a test b. run all tests and observe that the added test fails c. make a small change to the system to make the added test work d. run all tests again and observe that they all run properly e. none of the above

e. after run all test again: refactor the system to improve its design and remove redundancies

Which of these is not an important factor to consider in user interface design? a. people have limited short-term memory b. all humans make mistakes, especially when they have to handle too much information or are under stress c. humans have a diverse range of physical capabilities d. humans have different interaction preferences e. none of the above

e. all are important factors

Which of these statements is not true with respect to risk management? a. risk factors must be monitored throughout the lifetime of a project b. resilience to anticipated problems is the primary concern of risk management c. resilience requires one or more mitigation strategies d. a risk is a possible future negative event that may affect the success of an effort e. none of the above

e. all are important for risk management

Which of the following is not a reason justifying traceability across the various design and implementation artifacts? a. how does a requirement depend upon changes to the hardware environment? b. which requirement does a particular test case cover? c. why was a particular solution chosen? d. where is a particular requirement realized? e. none of the above

e. all valid

Which of the following is not true concerning generative reuse? a. Compiler compilers like yacc/bison are examples of generative reuse. b. A generator contains a significant amount of application-domain knowledge. c. A user must provide a specification of what the generated program must do using a very high-level language. d. The high-level language is applicable to a number of application domains. e. The generator generates a complete program using the high-level specification.

e. because why not

Which phase of the software lifecycle requires validation and verification? a. requirements b. design c. implementation d. installation and checkout e. all of the above

e. including operating and maintenance

Which of these is a problem to solve in order for large-scale reuse of software components to become a reality? a. need a database of available components and a way to search the database b. need a precise understanding of what each component does c. need a structured way to adapt a component that does not fit exactly d. need to know how to glue components together e. all of the above

e. they are AAALLLL problems. so fix them

Controlling an SDP

time - deliver on time formation - process documentation organization - every team member understands and completes their responsibilities quality - regular quality assessment and correction cost - largely controlling labor expenes

What is the purpose of software Engineering?

to GAIN and MAINTAIN intellectual and managerial control over the products and process of software development "Intellectual control" means that we are able to make rational choices based on understanding of the downstream effects of those choices (system properties) "Managerial Control" means we are able to make rational choices about development resources (budget, schedule, personnel)

Intellectual control implies:

understanding of what we are trying to achieve can distinguish good choices from bad reliably and predictability build to our goals

Managerial Control implies:

we make accurate estimates we deliver on schedule and within budget

Which Module viewpoint is represented in the graphic? (see study guide #14) [ CLIENT [presentation layer] ] | V [SERVER [business logic] | V [data manger] | V (database)] a. uses b. decomposition c. layered d. class e. shared data

#FIXME

Which component-and-connector viewpoint is represented in the graphic? (see study guide #15) a. client-server b. shared data c. concurrency d. process e. uses

#FIXME

Which of the following is not an important characteristic of successful reuse programs? a. Unconditional and extensive management support. b. Domain analysis was consciously/unconsciously conducted. c. Reuse is highly incentivized. d. An organizational support structure for reuse is provided. e. None of the above.

#FIXME

Spiral Model

- Process viewed as repeating cycles of increasing scale - identify risks and determine (next set of) requirements - each cycle builds next version by extension, increasing scale each time

Spiral Model Characteristics

- Response to lack of explicit risk analysis and risk mitigation in "waterfall" process - Includes risk analysis and mitigation activities at each phase (prototyping) - explicit Go/No-Go decision points in process -Heavy-weight process: substantial overhead not contributing directly to end products

What does the iterative model address in regards to common waterfall risks?

- risk that software cannot be completed - build incremental subsets - risk of building the wrong system - stakeholders have opportunities to see the product after each increment - each iteration provides checkpoint for feasibility, schedule, budget, and other issues