Client interviews and assessment flash cards
what blood pressure measurement is considered to be a risk factor for cardiovascular disease?
140/90 mmHg
Mark is a 32-year-old man. What is his estimated maximum heart rate?
188 bpm
a movement that flexes the foot in an upward direction from the ankle.
dorsiflexion
Peter is a 47 year old male with a BMI of 31. He has been leading a sedentary lifestyle until recently hiring you. What is his risk stratification?
+3
what is an example of testing absolute strength?
1 RM leg-press test
Bill is a 50-year-old man with a family history of heart disease. His body mass index is 20 and he has been running 3 miles 3-4 days a week for a year. What are the exercise testing recommendations according to risk stratification based on his cardiovascular disease risk factors?
Moderate risk, medical exam necessary before vigorous exercise.
the maximal oxygen uptake the body can use during a specified timeframe. Measures cardiovascular endurance through 1 minutes per kilogram of bodyweight. Also referred to as maximum aerobic capacity.
V02 max
a muscle action where the muscle lengthens against resistance. it is also commonly referred to as "negative work"
eccentric
movement of a limb toward the midline or middle axis of your body
adduction
refers to the front side of the body or nearer the head
anterior
in what specific location is the abdominal circumference measured?
at the level of the umbilicus
a decrease in muscle size and functional ability as a result of inactivity or lack of use
atrophy
the amount of energy needed to maintain the basic functions of living.
basal metabolic rate
the area beneath your feet that includes all points of contact
base of support
measures the mineral density in your bone. Indicates bone strength through calcium content.
bone mineral density
inflammation of the bursa which is located between bones, tendons, joints and muscles. Most typical areas affected are the hip, shoulders, and elbow
bursitis
a muscle action where the muscle shortens under tension. It is commonly referred to as positive work
concentric
which term describes muscle action which shortens to create muscle tension
concentric
a fibrous tissue that binds, supports, and protects muscles, organs, and structures of the body. This includes tendons. ligaments, joint capsules, etc.
connective tissue
any physical condition that makes a movement or exercises inadvisable or inappropriate
contraindiction
injuries tissues or skin where blood capillaries may have broken but the skin is not. similar to a bruise
contusion
describes muscle pain and soreness that typically occurs within 24 to 48 hours following strenuous exercise. It can result in restricted range of motion, tenderness and muscle weakness for a short period.
delayed onset muscle soreness
what information does the health history questionnaire collect?
detailed medical and health information
what information does the informed consent form collect?
evidence of disclosure
a movement of the body away from the midline; turning outward.
external rotation
muscle fibers that contract rapidly with low oxidative capacities. Also called type 2 fibers
fast twitch muscle fiber
an imaginary vertical line that divides the body between font and back sections. Also referred to as the vertical plane
frontal plane
the way a person moves on foot in sequence such as walking, running, stepping, etc.
gait
the simple sugar that represents the form in which all carbohydrates are used as a primary energy source by the body
glucose
waist measurement divided by hip measurement
how do you determine a person's waist to hip ratio?
an extension of a part of the body beyond the normal range of motion
hyperextension
high blood pressure that exceeds the average and recorded as resting blood pressure at or above 140/90 mmHg
hypertension
an action which happens in the frontal plane and represents the inward rotation of the foot
inversion
Kristin is in for her second session and you are conducting fitness assessments, while you are checking her body fat percentage you ask her about types of exercise she prefers to do. What stage of the client-trainer relationship are you in?
investigation stage
in which stage of the client-trainer relationship are health-history and lifestyle questionnaires administered?
investigation stage
a muscular contraction in which the muscle changes throughout the range of motion; also commonly called "variable resistance"
isokinetic
a muscular contract in which the joint angle and muscle length doesn't change
isometric
a muscular contraction in which joint movement occurs and muscle tension is created
isotonic
in what specific location is the circumference of the upper thigh measured?
just below the gluteal fold
when the body has an elevated level of ketone bodies in their tissues. typically the result of a low carbohydrate or starvation style diet
ketosis
tight hip adductors and weak gluteus medius muscles can lead to which compensation
knees moving inward
excessive curvature of the spine which causes hunching of the back
kyphosis
refers to the intensity of exercise where lactate accumulates into the bloodstream. Lactate concentrations rise above resting levels.
lactate threshold
the short band of fibrous tissue that holds a joint together by connects two bones
ligament
excessive inward curvature of the spine in the lower region
lordosis
Wendy is a 50-year-old woman who has not exercised in 3 years. She has no family history of heart disease and is a non-smoker. What are the exercise testing recommendations according to risk stratification based on her cardiovascular disease risk factors?
low risk, medical exam not necessary
what is the best definition of V02 max
maximum amount of oxygen a person can utilize in one minute per kg of body weight
in what specific location should the arm be measured?
midway between the acromion and the olecranon process with the arm relaxed
your client is complaining of pain with extension of her elbow. she has a history of lateral epicondylitis. what is the best sources of action to take in continuing her exercise program?
modify the program with cross training
what component of fitness does the push-up test measure?
muscular endurance
a manual massage like treatment designed to release tension in the fascia
myofasical release
how often should ratings of perceived exertion be taken throughout a cardiorespiratory assessment?
once ever minute
in which stage of the transtheoretical model of behavior change is a client ready to adopt and live a healthy lifestyle?
preparation
when a muscle acts specifically to produce the desired movement. Commonly referred to as an agonist
prime mover
your new client informs you that she has diabetes and is taking insulin. What is the most important thing to do for this client?
refer her to a physician prior to beginning an exercise program
a ratio which compares the total amount lifted versus a person's body weight as measured in a ratio. It allows for comparative strength measurements across different individuals.
relative strength
compression of the static nerve which causes pain to shoot down the leg. Often the result is from a lumbar herniated disc.
sciatica
a stretching or tearing that occurs from a traumatic twist causing pain and swelling. Usually involves ligaments or joint capsules
sprain
the ability of the body to remain balanced between its base of support and weight distribution
static balance
a muscle tear, stretch, or injury caused by overexertion. Can affect the muscle, tendon, or fascia
strain
the amount of blood pumped from the left ventricle during each contraction of the heart
stroke volume
the fatty tissue that lie beneath the surface of skin
subcutaneous fat
lying in your back while in a face up position
supine
a heart rate with a faster beat than normal; measured at over 100 beats per minute
tachycardia
what is considered the easiest method for assessing a client's exercise intensity?
talk test
when answering the physical activity readiness questionnaire your client answers yes to a bone or joint problem that could be made worse by a change in physical activity, What is the next step in his fitness program?
talk with her doctor about her readiness of exercise
when answering the physical activity readiness questionnaire, your client answers yes to chest pain during physical activity as well as currently taking a prescription blood pressure medication. What is the next step in his fitness program?
talk with his doctor about his readiness for exercise
a steroid hormone produced in the testes and responsible for the growth and development of male sexual characteristics
testosterone
when performing a static postural assessment on your client, you determine that your client has a slight posterior pelvic tilt. This means that the line of symmetry is_______
tilted posteriorly
an imaginary horizontal line that divides the body between upper and lower sections. Also referred to as the horizontal plane
transverse plane
what three sites are suggested for skin fold measurement in women?
triceps, thighs, and suprailium
a condition where the pancreas produces little to no insulin. It usually develops in childhood and is also referred to as juvenile diabetes or insulin dependent diabetes.
type 1 diabetes
a condition that develops in adulthood and is also referred to as non insulin dependent diabetes. the body is unable to use insulin properly and is often seen in those who are overweight or obese
type 2 diabetes
you have a new client who is extremely obese, and you realize that your body fat calipers may not be an accurate method to determine their body fat percentage. You want to have a starting measurement to determine their progress. what is the best course of action?
utilize body mass index and girth measurements
describes the contraction of blood vessels by the small muscle walls.
vasoconstriction
decreases in blood pressure due to the dilation of blood vessels
vasodilation
a ratio used to determine health concerns from weight distribution. Measured by girth calculations at the waist and hip
waist to hip ratio
what are the correct units of measurement for calculating body mass index?
weight (kg) / height (m)
