Clinical Psych ch 7-9

1. The harmful dysfunction theory of mental disorders was developed by ______. A. Sigmund Freud B. Jerome Wakefield C. Emil Kraepelin D. B. F. Skinner

B. Jerome Wakefield

1. ______ validity is the extent to which an assessment technique has content appropriate for what is being measured. A. Content B. Convergent C. Discriminant D. None of these

a

11. Effective interviewers are skilled at ______, or repeating key words and phrases back to their clients to ensure the clients that they have been accurately heard. A. verbal tracking B. eye contact C. developing positive relationships D. quieting themselves

a

11. The WAIS is an appropriate test for a client who is ______ years old. A. 72 B. 4 C. 10 D. 14

a

13. Emil Kraepelin was a pioneer of the diagnosis of mental disorders. Among the categories he identified were ______, which is similar to the current label of bipolar disorder, and ______, which is similar to the current label of schizophrenia. A. manic-depressive psychosis; dementia praecox B. anxiety neurosis; disorderly thought psychosis C. dementia praecox; separation disorder D. anxiety neurosis; separation disorder

a

14. The index scores of the Wechsler intelligence tests, which correspond to the underlying factors in the test, include ______. A. Verbal Comprehension and Perceptual Reasoning B. Working Speed and Processing Memory C. Fluid Intelligence and Crystalized Intelligence D. Normative Quotient and Ipsative Sum

a

16. ______ refers to a positive, comfortable relationship between interviewer and client, or an interpersonal "connection" as perceived by the client. A. Rapport B. Verbal tracking C. Nondirective interviewing D. Directive interviewing

a

17. The first edition of the DSM contained only three broad categories ______. A. psychoses, neuroses, and character disorders B. internalizing, externalizing, and mediating disorders C. primary, secondary, and tertiary disorders D. Freudian, Jungian, and undifferentiated disorders

a

19. The ______ is a recently developed test of intelligence that represents an attempt to measure IQ in a culturally fair way. A. Universal Nonverbal Intelligence Test-2 B. Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test C. Halstead-Reitan D. Flanagan Assessment of Globalism

a

2. The notion of "g," as proposed by Charles Spearman, suggests that, essentially, ______. A. intelligence is one thing B. intelligence is not one thing, but is many separate, unrelated things C. intelligence tests for children must be fundamentally and structurally different than intelligence tests for adults D. intelligence remains stable throughout the life span

a

20. ______ is what a person can accomplish, while ______ is what a person has accomplished. A. Intelligence; achievement B. Achievement; intelligence C. Scholastics; performance D. Performance; scholastics

a

23. Devlin and Nasar (2012) found that therapists and nonprofessionals asked to rate pictures of offices preferred clinicians' offices that ______. A. were orderly, spacious, and contained comfortable seats B. featured bright lightening and personal photos C. were smaller in size, creating an intimate atmosphere D. arranged the furniture so the therapist could sit behind the client

a

24. Interviewers who use a(n) ______ style of interviewing get exactly the information they need by asking clients specifically for it. A. directive B. nondirective C. rapport-building D. evidence-based

a

24. The ______ is a brief neuropsychological screening device that involves copying geometric shapes with pencil and paper, takes only about 6 min to administer, and is appropriate for any client above 3 years of age. A. Bender-Gestalt II B. Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Battery C. Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery D. Universal Nonverbal Intelligence Test

a

29. When the Wechsler intelligence test scores are interpreted, which of the following best represents the sequence in which particular scores should be considered? A. full-scale IQ score, index scores, and subtest scores B. subtest scores, index scores, and full-scale IQ score C. index scores, full-scale IQ score, and subtest scores D. full-scale IQ score, subtest scores, and index scores

a

3. According to the harmful dysfunction theory of mental disorders, when we try to determine what is abnormal, we should consider ______. A. scientific or evolutionary data, as well as social values that provide context for the behavior B. the social constructs that regulate behavior and thought C. cognitive contributions to irregular behaviors D. behavioral, as well as psychoanalytic, components of abnormality

a

30. Dr. Murphy, a clinical neuropsychologist, is conducting a clinical interview in which the primary purpose is to assign a label from the current DSM to the patient. In other words, Dr. Murphy is conducting a(n) ______. A. diagnostic interview B. mental status exam C. intake interview D. crisis interview

a

31. Essentially, a categorical approach to diagnosis of mental disorders suggests that an individual ______. A. either has or does not have a disorder B. has every disorder to some extent C. can only be diagnosed with one disorder at a single point in time D. can have multiple disorders at the same time only if those disorders fall within the same larger category, such as depressive disorders or anxiety disorders

a

32. In recent years, the most prominent structured interview has been the ______. A. Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 Disorders B. Acute Stress Disorder Interview C. Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule--Revised D. Bipolar Disorder Structured Clinical Interview

a

33. Dr. Rosen, a clinical psychologist in private practice, likes to combine elements of a structured interview and an unstructured interview with his patients. By blending these two approaches, Dr. Rosen is using what is known as a(n) ______ interview. A. semistructured B. bi-dimensional C. eclectic D. two-point

a

12. The WPPSI is an appropriate test for a client who is ______ years old. A. 81 B. 13 C. 52 D. 4

4

33. Researchers who endorse the dimensional approach to diagnosis of mental problems most often recommend that ______ serve as the basis for the dimensions. A. the five-factor model of personality B. cognitive thought distortion categories C. Holland's typologies D. the Myers-Briggs types

a

34. The type of clinical interview that is most often conducted in medical settings for the primary purpose of quickly assessing a client's current level of functioning is the ______. A. mental status exam B. crisis interview C. diagnostic interview D. intake interview

a

35. ______ is the extent to which an assessment technique measures what it claims to measure. A. Validity B. Test-retest reliability C. Clinical utility D. Interrater reliability

a

8. According to Cattell, ______ intelligence includes the ability to solve novel problems. A. fluid B. crystallized C. marginal D. majority

a

8. An important skill for a clinical interviewer is ______, which is best described as the ability to know how he tends to affect others interpersonally and how others tend to relate to him. A. being self-aware B. developing positive working relationships C. establishing rapport D. quieting yourself

a

9. Positive working relationships with clients ______. A. can be developed using attentive listening, appropriate empathy, and genuine respect B. are not dependent on the interviewer's attitude and actions C. should be established immediately for assessments but over time for therapy D. are required for clients who self-pay but only recommended for those who use insurance

a

1. ______ tests measure a client's intellectual abilities, whereas ______ tests measure what a client has accomplished with those intellectual abilities. A. Objective personality; projective personality B. Intelligence; achievement C. Neuropsychological; intelligence D. Intelligence; personality

b

12. Eye contact, body language, vocal qualities, and verbal tracking are specific types of ______. A. behavioral psychotherapy techniques B. attending behaviors C. rapport enhancers D. nonverbal interviewing

b

14. Cultural variables are important in the context of a clinical interview. For example, compared to people from North America or Britain, people of Middle Eastern or Latino/Latina cultures tend to ______. A. prefer a greater amount of personal space B. prefer a smaller amount of personal space C. expect the clinical interviewer to offer food or drink during the interviewer D. view the clinical interviewer as an expert

b

15. The Wechsler index score that measures fluid reasoning, spatial processing, and visual-motor integration is the ______ Index. A. Verbal Comprehension B. Perceptual Reasoning C. Working Memory D. Processing Speed

b

18. It is important for clinical interviewers to appreciate how communication styles tend to differ across cultures. For example, ______. A. Asian Americans tend to speak more loudly than European Americans B. European Americans tend to speak more quickly than Native Americans C. Hispanic Americans tend to speak more loudly than European Americans D. Asian Americans are more inclined to hold eye contact than European Americans

b

18. The WAIS features ______ factors, each of which yields an index score. The SB5 features ______ factors. A. four; four B. four; five C. five; four D. five; five

b

2. ______ reliability is the extent to which an assessment technique yields similar results across different administrators. A. Test-retest B. Interrater C. Internal D. Clinical

b

21. DSM-III ______. A. contained less disorders than DSM-II B. was significantly longer in length than DSM-II C. emphasized psychoanalytic and psychodynamic perspectives D. introduced the General Adaptation Scale, which clinicians used to rate patients' health on a 100-point scale

b

21. Honore receives psychological testing. Although her intelligence falls in the low average range, a discrepancy is still identified between her achievement and intelligence test scores (such that achievement falls significantly below expectations based on intelligence). This discrepancy will likely be the basis for a diagnosis of ______. A. premenstrual dysphoric disorder B. specific learning disorder C. giftedness D. intellectual disability

b

21. ______ is how an interviewer is with clients, while ______ is what an interviewer does with clients. A. Technique; rapport B. Rapport; technique C. Internal preparation; external preparation D. External preparation; internal preparation

b

22. A clinical psychologist ______. A. should always take written notes during an interview B. must obtain written permission to videotape an interview C. should position himself behind a stately desk while conducting an interview D. should use an iPad for note-taking, since research supports it is accepted better by clients than a laptop

b

23. DSM-5 was created by ______. A. soliciting and summarizing public opinion on which disorders in DSM-IV should be eliminated B. prominent researchers who were members of a Task Force and Work Groups C. the American Counseling Association D. the same organization that publishes the International Classification of Diseases

b

23. Which of the following is NOT true regarding the WIAT? A. The WIAT-III measures achievement in four broad areas. B. The Oral Language Composite score is derived from the Pseudoword Decoding and Numerical Operations subtests. C. The WIAT-III measures the broad areas of reading, math, written language, and oral language. D. The WIAT-III can be administered to clients age 4-50 years.

b

25. Interviewers who use a(n) ______ style of interviewing allow the client to determine the course of the interview. A. directive B. nondirective C. rapport-building D. evidence-based

b

25. The ______ is a thorough and lengthy battery of eight standardized neuropsychological tests. A. Bender-Gestalt II B. Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Battery C. Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery D. Universal Nonverbal Intelligence Test

b

26. Dr. Young, a clinical psychologist, is conducting an assessment of a client who experienced a head injury in a car accident. She uses the Halstead-Reitan battery to determine impairment of the functioning of specific components or structures of the brain. Dr. Young is conducting ______ testing. A. intelligence B. neuropsychological C. achievement D. personality

b

27. Based on the textbook, which of the following is NOT a revision to a mental disorder that was included in DSM-5? A. The "bereavement exclusion" included in the diagnostic criteria for a major depressive episode was dropped. B. Asperger's disorder was expanded and can now be diagnoses as mild, moderate, or severe Asperger's disorder. C. The age at which symptoms must first appear in individuals diagnosed with ADHD was changed from 7 to 12 years old. D. The frequency of binges required for bulimia nervosa was decreased to once per week.

b

27. Whereas a ______ echoes the client's words, a ______ echoes the client's emotions. A. paraphrase; confrontation B. paraphrase; reflection of feeling C. clarification; reflection of feeling D. conclusion; reflection of feeling

b

28. The ______ is a memory test that can be used to assess individuals who are suspected to have memory problems due to brain injury, dementia, or substance abuse. A. WPPSI-III B. WMS-IV C. NEO-PI-R D. RBANS

b

3. Dr. Brox creates a new assessment technique, the Superior Clinical Interval for Therapists (SCIT). We can say the SCIT has ______ if it measures what it claims to measure. We can say the SCIT has ______ if it yields consistent, repeatable results. A. reliability; validity B. validity; reliability C. clinical utility; statistical utility D. statistical utility; clinical utility

b

3. Spearman created the concept of ______, an individual's general intelligence or global, overall intellectual ability. A. fluid intelligence B. g C. crystallized intelligence D. s

b

30. The RBANS is a(n) ______. A. IQ test for preschool-aged children B. neuropsychological screener that focuses on a broader range of abilities than the Bender-Gestalt C. achievement test D. completely language-free test of intelligence

b

35. Compared to the definition of generalized anxiety disorder in DSM-5 (2013), the definition of anxiety neurosis in DSM-II (1968) ______. A. contains more specific diagnostic criteria B. contains more terminology derived from psychoanalysis C. lists more specific quantities and timeframes D. is essentially the same; there is little difference between the two definitions

b

4. A ______ model of intelligence proposes that specific abilities exist and are important, but they are all somewhat related to each other and to a global, overall, general intelligence. A. topical B. hierarchical C. fluid D. multiple

b

5. An element common to all kinds of psychological assessment is ______, which may take the form of a face-to-face meeting or written report. A. coaching B. feedback C. clinical utility D. validity

b

5. ______ is to intelligence is one thing, as ______ is to intelligence is many things. A. Louis Thurstone; Charles Spearman B. Charles Spearman; Louis Thurstone C. James Cattell; John Carroll D. John Carroll; James Cattell

b

6. ______ of clinical psychologists use clinical interviews as part of their assessment processes. A. About half B. The vast majority C. About 25% D. Less than 5%

b

7. According to Cattell, ______ intelligence is intelligence accumulated as a result of life experiences. A. fluid B. crystallized C. marginal D. majority

b

9. Attenuated psychosis syndrome ______. A. is not mentioned in the current DSM B. is listed as a proposed criteria set in the "Emerging Measures and Models" section of the current DSM C. is listed as an official disorder in the current DSM D. is included in the current DSM as a subtype of major depressive disorder

b

9. Which of the following is TRUE regarding current editions of the Wechsler intelligence tests? A. There are separate tests for three different populations: adults, children, and preschoolers. B. There is a single test that is appropriate for all clients ranging from preschool age through adulthood. C. There is a single test, and it is appropriate for adults only. D. There are separate tests for five different populations: adults 65 and over, adults 35-64, adults under 35, children, and preschoolers.

b

10. The WISC is an appropriate test for a client who is ______ years old. A. 68 B. 25 C. 11 D. 3

c

11. Disorders such as attenuated psychosis syndrome are not official diagnoses and are listed as ______ in DSM-5. A. upcoming diagnoses B. research disorders C. proposed criteria sets D. culture-bound syndromes

c

13. Cultural variables are important in the context of a clinical interview. For example, compared to traditional Western culture, Asian cultures tend to feature ______. A. more eye contact B. more eye contact between members of the opposite sex C. less physical touch D. more physical touch

c

15. In the mid-1900s, ______ developed a classification system to treat World War II soldiers that had a significant influence on the creation of the first DSM. A. NATO B. the World Health Organization C. the U.S. Army and Veterans' Administration D. the European Psychiatric Association

c

15. Referring to a client by the proper name ______. A. isn't particularly relevant when developing rapport B. includes making assumptions about nicknames that a psychologist uses for the client across treatment C. can be accomplished by asking the client how he would like to be addressed early in treatment D. is always achieved by addressing the client by his first name

c

17. For the current editions of the Wechsler intelligence tests and Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales, the mean score for full-scale IQ is ______. A. 50 B. 75 C. 100 D. 125

c

29. Recent editions of the DSM, including DSM-5, have received numerous criticisms. Which of the following statements is inconsistent with the criticisms discussed in the textbook? A. The breadth of coverage of recent DSMs was expanded too much. B. The cutoffs that separate those who qualify for disorders from those who do not are often arbitrary rather than empirically based. C. Diagnoses such as premenstrual dysphoric disorder demonstrate a significant reduction in DSM gender bias. D. Nonempirical influences, such as political and social forces, may have too much influence on the decisions made by DSM authors.

c

31. A(n) ______ interview is a predetermined, planned sequences of questions that an interviewer asks a client. By contrast, a(n) ______ interview is improvised and involves no predetermined questions. A. primary; secondary B. secondary; primary C. structured; unstructured D. unstructured; structured

c

36. ______ is the extent to which an assessment technique correlates with other techniques that measure the same thing. A. Reliability B. Clinical utility C. Convergent validity D. Discriminant validity

c

37. ______ is the extent to which an assessment technique yields consistent, repeatable results. A. Discriminant validity B. Clinical utility C. Reliability D. Content validity

c

38. A(n) ______ interview is a special type of clinical interview designed not only to assess a problem demanding urgent attention but also to provide immediate intervention for the problem. A. diagnostic B. informal C. crisis D. abbreviated

c

4. Of all the available assessment procedures, clinical psychologists rely most frequently on the ______. A. Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale B. Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children C. clinical interview D. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory

c

6. The three-stratum theory of intelligence is a contemporary theory that proposes a single, overall ability that contains eight broad factors, each of which contains many more specific abilities. This theory was proposed by ______. A. Charles Spearman B. Louis Thurstone C. John Carroll D. James Cattell

c

7. In the context of the clinical interview, the term quieting yourself is best described as the ______. A. client's efforts to remain quiet in order to fully attend to the interviewer's questions B. interviewer's efforts to control the volume of his speaking voice to match that of the client C. interviewer's efforts to control his own internal, self-directed thinking pattern in order to enhance listening D. interviewer's policy of remaining entirely silent during the interview in order to facilitate transference

c

10. Loraine is a clinical psychology graduate student conducting her first clinical interview with a client. While her client describes reasons for seeking treatment, Loraine finds herself distracted by internal thoughts such as, "What questions should I ask next?" and "When is the project due for my linear regression class?" In this instance, Loraine has the opportunity to improve which general skill of clinical interviewing? A. being self-aware B. developing positive working relationships C. eye contact D. quieting yourself

d

13. The Wechsler intelligence tests yield all of the following EXCEPT ______. A. a single full-scale intelligence score B. several index scores C. about a dozen specific subtest scores D. an age quotient score

d

16. Which of the following is TRUE regarding the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales? A. This test of intelligence has not been revised since the 1960s, and as a result, its content and normative groups have been widely criticized. B. There are four separate versions of this test corresponding to four different age ranges. C. Despite its misleading name, the Stanford-Binet was actually created by David Wechsler. D. The test is to be administered face-to-face and one-on-one.

d

17. Which of the following is UNLIKELY to enhance rapport in a clinical interview? A. efforts by the interviewer to put the client at ease, especially at the beginning of the interview B. acknowledgment by the interviewer that the clinical interview is a unique, unusual situation C. efforts by the interviewer to notice how the client uses language, and then following the client's lead D. excessive small talk used to distract the client from the awkwardness of the interview

d

19. DSM-III differed from its predecessors in all of the following significant ways EXCEPT that it ______. A. introduced a multiaxial diagnostic system B. listed specific diagnostic criteria to define disorders C. featured a greater reliance on empirical data rather than clinical consensus D. emphasized psychoanalytic and humanistic perspectives

d

19. To develop rapport during a clinical interview, an interviewer should do all of the following EXCEPT ______. A. make an effort to put the client at ease B. acknowledge the unique, unusual situation of the interview C. notice how the client uses language and follow the client's lead D. gently correct the client when he uses metaphors incorrectly

d

20. Communication styles often differ between men and women. For example, ______. A. women tend to use talk to assert themselves and achieve goals, whereas men tend to use talk to build relationships B. women tend to avoid self-disclosure because it brings vulnerability, whereas men tend to engage in self-disclosure because it brings closeness C. men tend to use talk to build relationships, whereas women tend to use talk to demean their competitors D. men tend to avoid self-disclosure because it brings vulnerability, whereas women tend to engage in self-disclosure because it brings closeness

d

22. The WIAT is ______. A. currently in its second edition B. a lengthy neuropsychological test designed to localize neurologic damage following stroke C. a recently developed intelligence test that involves no verbal instructions or responses, thus enhancing cultural fairness D. an individually administered test of language, reading, writing, and mathematics achievement

d

25. Which of the following statements is TRUE? A. Although many publications print the newest diagnostic manual's title as DSM-5, the correct printing requires a Roman numeral (DSM-V). B. As with previous editions, the current edition of the DSM instructs clinicians to provide multiaxial diagnoses. C. The current DSM requires a GAF score to accompany all diagnoses. D. The current DSM eliminates the five-axis diagnostic system.

d

26. Interviewers use ______ questions when they notice discrepancies or inconsistencies in a client's comments. A. open-ended B. closed-ended C. clarification D. confrontation

d

27. The ______ is a brief neuropsychological screening device that involves copying a single geometric figure with pencils of different colors, as well as a memory component in which clients are asked to reproduce the figure from memory after a delay. A. Bender-Gestalt II B. WPPSI-IV C. NEO-PI-R D. Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test

d

28. Dr. Huckabee is conducting a clinical interview with Megan. At the end of the interview, he ties together various topics that Megan discussed, connecting statements she made at various points, and identifies themes in the information she has provided. Which of the following techniques is Dr. Huckabee using? A. paraphrasing B. reflection of feeling C. clarification D. summarizing

d

29. Dr. Harris, a clinical psychologist, is interviewing a client with the primary purpose of determining whether the agency where Dr. Harris works can provide the services required by this client. In other words, Dr. Harris is conducting a(n) ______. A. mental status exam B. structured interview C. diagnostic interview D. intake interview

d

5. Which of the following is NOT a part of DSM-5's definition of a mental disorder? A. clinically significant disturbance in cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior B. dysfunction in mental functioning C. usually associated with significant distress or disability D. consists of behaviors witnessed in less than 30% of the population

d

7. The DSM is primarily authored by ______. A. social workers B. counselors C. psychologists D. psychiatrists

d