Collier County Government Final Review
Individual worth
"All men are created equal" reflects the Founders' commitment to which principle
James Madison
"Father of the Constitution," Federalist leader, and fourth President of the United States. He greatly influenced the outcome of the convention
Montesquieu
(1689-1755) wrote 'Spirit of the Laws', said that no single set of political laws was applicable to all - depended on relationship and variables, supported division of government; separation of powers.
Impeachment Process
1. House passes articles of impeachment by majority 2. Senate tries and 2/3 must convict
Senate
100 members, 2 members for each state. Members are elected every 6 years. The Vice President is the head of this body.
Articles of Confederation
1st Constitution of the U.S. 1781-1788 (weaknesses-no executive, no judicial, no power to tax, no power to regulate trade)
Qualifications for President
35 years old, born in the U.S., and has to have lived in the U.S. for 14 years
House of Representatives
435 Members, based on population of the state. Members serve 2 years.
Charles de Montesquieu
A French Enlightenment thinker who expanded on John Locke's beliefs. He added the judiciary aspect to the executive and legislative aspects Locke had. He also wrote about separation of powers.
Aristotle
A Greek Philosopher, taught Alexander the Great, started a famous school, studied with Plato
public policy
A choice that government makes in response to a political issue. A policy is a course of action taken with regard to some problem.
Pardon
A declaration of forgiveness and freedom from punishment by the president
Confederal
A form of government in which independent states unite to accomplish common goals and type of governmental system did the United States have in its earliest days
Federal Government
A form of government in which powers are divided between a central government and several local governments.
Electoral College
A group of people named by each state legislature to select the president and vice president of the United States
Citizen Participation
A healthy democracy requires active citizen participation at all levels; vote, obey the laws, serve on juries, keep informed about the news, and volunteer for social services.
Foreign Policy
A nation's overall plan for dealing with other nations for purpose of keeping its people safe and secure.
Checks and Balances
A system that allows each branch of government to limit the powers of the other branches in order to prevent abuse of power
Federalists
A term used to describe supporters of the Constitution during ratification debates in state legislatures; favored bigger government.
Social Contract
A voluntary agreement among individuals to secure their rights and welfare by creating a government and abiding by its rules, "general welfare"
24th Amendment
Abolishes poll taxes (voting tax)
Sixteenth Amendment
Amendment to the U.S. Constitution that authorized Congress to enact a national income tax.
free enterprise system
An economic system in which individuals depend on supply and demand and the profit margin to determine what to produce, how to produce, how much to produce, and for whom to produce. The quest for improvement financially and materially motivates consumers and producers.
winner-take-all system
An electoral system in which the electorate of each state are awarded only to the candidates who wins the majority of the popular vote and gets all the electorates votes for that state.
executive privilege
An implied presidential power that allows the president to refuse to disclose information regarding confidential conversations or national security to Congress or the judiciary.
Presidents impeached
Andrew Johnson, Bill Clinton and Donald Trump Twice
Veto
Chief executive's power to reject a bill passed by a legislature
Qualifications for House of Representative
Citizen for 7 yrs., 25 yrs old, resident of state they represent
15th Amendment
Citizens cannot be denied the right to vote because of race, color , or precious condition of servitude
Republican Party
Conservative Party (GOP), that favors smaller government, less social programs, lowering taxes, against Roe V Wade, not in favor of same sex marriage, and pro business with little government regulations.
Supreme Court
Consists of nine justices, each appointed by the President and confirmed by Congress. Appointment is for life. Supreme Court exercises the power to determine constitutionality of statutes
Form a more perfect union
Create a nation in which states work together
14th Amendment
Declares that all persons born in the U.S. are citizens and are guaranteed equal protection of the laws no matter your color or gender
Brown vs. Board
Desegregation of schools
Thomas Hobbes
English materialist and political philosopher who advocated absolute sovereignty as the only kind of government that could resolve problems caused by the selfishness of human beings (1588-1679)
19th Amendment
Gave women the right to vote (women's suffrage)
President
Head of the Executive Branch
Bill becomes a law
If a bill has passed in both the U.S. House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate and has been approved by the President, or if a presidential veto has been overridden, the bill becomes a law and is enforced by the government.
Regulatory Agencies
Independent agencies governed by an appointed and confirmed commission. Examples include the Food and Drug Administration, Environmental Protection Agency, and the Securities and Exchange Commission.
Preamble to the Constitution
Introduction to the U.S. Constitution, establishing the goals and purposes of government
Interstate Commerce Act of 1887
Law that was designed to regulate the railroad industry; created the *Interstate Commerce Commission* to railroads and ensure that they complied with the new regulations.
26th Amendment
Lowered the voting age from 21 to 18
Role of Political Parties
Major Function: Nominating candidates to win elections and control the government
Judicial Review
Marbury v. Madison 1803
McCulloch v. Maryland
Maryland was trying to tax the national bank and Supreme Court ruled that federal law was stronger than the state law
Articles of the Constitution
Powers for Each Branch of Government: article I = legislative, article II= executive, and article III= judicial- 7 articles all together
implied powers
Powers not specifically mentioned in the constitution
Democratic Party
Progressive Party (Liberal Party) that favors progressive personal freedom of choice, more social and welfare programs, and government regulations to protect the environment. Pro Choice, Choice in Marriage, Global Warming, and Universal Healthcare for all.
Adam Smith
Scottish economist who wrote the Wealth of Nations a precursor to modern Capitalism.
Declaration of Independence
Signed in 1776 by US revolutionaries; it declared the United States as a free state. Popular sovereignty, social contract, natural rights, and individual rights.
Tinker v. Des Moines
Students have the right to symbolic speech at school as long as it is not disruptive
Tariffs
Taxes on imported goods
Miranda v. Arizona
The accused must be notified of their rights before being questioned by the police (Miranda Rights)
Senate Majority Leader
The chief spokesperson of the majority party in the Senate, who directs the legislative program and party strategy.
Bill of Rights
The first ten amendments to the Constitution
Economic Freedom
The freedom to own property, to make a profit, and to make choices about what to produce, buy, and sell; allows people to build wealth
protect individual freedoms
The main purpose of the Bill of Rights is to
Included in the Bill of Rights
The right to a speedy trial is guaranteed by the
Succession of President
Vice president, Speaker of the House, President pro tempore, and Secretary of State
Individual Rights
What ideal did the Antifederalists find the Constitution lacked?
controlling public school systems
Which of the following is a power reserved to the states?
criminal court
a court dealing with criminal cases
civil court
a court dealing with noncriminal cases.
appeals court
a court that reviews decisions made in lower district courts
Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
a federal agency responsible for regulating food and drug products sold to the public
interest group
a group of people with common goals who organize to influence government
The Enlightenment
a movement that emphasized science and reason as guides to help see the world more clearly
Voting Rights Act of 1965
a policy designed to reduce the barriers to voting for those suffering discrimination such as any use of tests or devices that would disenfranchise voters.
Mandate of Heaven
a political theory of ancient China in which those in power were given the right to rule from a divine source
13th Amendment
abolished slavery
Legislative Action
congress passes minimum wage laws under its power to regulate commerce and immigration laws under its power to regulate naturalization
Basic Function of Government
ensuring national security
Mapp vs. Ohio
evidence seized illegally can't be used in state courts
Texas v. Johnson
flag burning is protected by the First Amendment
Roe v. Wade
legalized abortion
Qualifications for Senate
minimum age 30, U.S. citizen for 9 years, and resident of the state represented
expressed powers
powers directly stated in the constitution
pocket veto
president's power to kill a bill, if Congress is not in session, by not signing it for 10 days
natural born citizen
someone who was born in the U.S. or born to U.S. citizens
Republic
system of government is an indirect form of democracy, placing political decision making at least one step away from the people
Executive Branch
the branch of government that carries out laws
Legislative Branch
the branch of government that makes the laws; Senate and House of Representatives
general welfare
the common good or what is good for all the people, "social contract"
Natural Rights
the idea that all humans are born with rights, which include the right to life, liberty, and property
Speaker of the House
the leader of the majority party who serves as the presiding officer of the House of Representatives
Congress
the legislature of the United States government made up of the Senate and the House of Representatives. AKA Legislative Branch.
Donkey
the symbol of the Democratic Party
Elephant
the symbol of the Republican Party
popular vote
the votes cast by individual voters in a presidential election, as opposed to the electoral vote
Antifederalists
those who favor a weaker national government; against big government