Collier County Government Final Review

Individual worth

"All men are created equal" reflects the Founders' commitment to which principle

James Madison

"Father of the Constitution," Federalist leader, and fourth President of the United States. He greatly influenced the outcome of the convention

Montesquieu

(1689-1755) wrote 'Spirit of the Laws', said that no single set of political laws was applicable to all - depended on relationship and variables, supported division of government; separation of powers.

Impeachment Process

1. House passes articles of impeachment by majority 2. Senate tries and 2/3 must convict

Senate

100 members, 2 members for each state. Members are elected every 6 years. The Vice President is the head of this body.

Articles of Confederation

1st Constitution of the U.S. 1781-1788 (weaknesses-no executive, no judicial, no power to tax, no power to regulate trade)

Qualifications for President

35 years old, born in the U.S., and has to have lived in the U.S. for 14 years

House of Representatives

435 Members, based on population of the state. Members serve 2 years.

Charles de Montesquieu

A French Enlightenment thinker who expanded on John Locke's beliefs. He added the judiciary aspect to the executive and legislative aspects Locke had. He also wrote about separation of powers.

Aristotle

A Greek Philosopher, taught Alexander the Great, started a famous school, studied with Plato

public policy

A choice that government makes in response to a political issue. A policy is a course of action taken with regard to some problem.

Pardon

A declaration of forgiveness and freedom from punishment by the president

Confederal

A form of government in which independent states unite to accomplish common goals and type of governmental system did the United States have in its earliest days

Federal Government

A form of government in which powers are divided between a central government and several local governments.

Electoral College

A group of people named by each state legislature to select the president and vice president of the United States

Citizen Participation

A healthy democracy requires active citizen participation at all levels; vote, obey the laws, serve on juries, keep informed about the news, and volunteer for social services.

Foreign Policy

A nation's overall plan for dealing with other nations for purpose of keeping its people safe and secure.

Checks and Balances

A system that allows each branch of government to limit the powers of the other branches in order to prevent abuse of power

Federalists

A term used to describe supporters of the Constitution during ratification debates in state legislatures; favored bigger government.

Social Contract

A voluntary agreement among individuals to secure their rights and welfare by creating a government and abiding by its rules, "general welfare"

24th Amendment

Abolishes poll taxes (voting tax)

Sixteenth Amendment

Amendment to the U.S. Constitution that authorized Congress to enact a national income tax.

free enterprise system

An economic system in which individuals depend on supply and demand and the profit margin to determine what to produce, how to produce, how much to produce, and for whom to produce. The quest for improvement financially and materially motivates consumers and producers.

winner-take-all system

An electoral system in which the electorate of each state are awarded only to the candidates who wins the majority of the popular vote and gets all the electorates votes for that state.

executive privilege

An implied presidential power that allows the president to refuse to disclose information regarding confidential conversations or national security to Congress or the judiciary.

Presidents impeached

Andrew Johnson, Bill Clinton and Donald Trump Twice

Veto

Chief executive's power to reject a bill passed by a legislature

Qualifications for House of Representative

Citizen for 7 yrs., 25 yrs old, resident of state they represent

15th Amendment

Citizens cannot be denied the right to vote because of race, color , or precious condition of servitude

Republican Party

Conservative Party (GOP), that favors smaller government, less social programs, lowering taxes, against Roe V Wade, not in favor of same sex marriage, and pro business with little government regulations.

Supreme Court

Consists of nine justices, each appointed by the President and confirmed by Congress. Appointment is for life. Supreme Court exercises the power to determine constitutionality of statutes

Form a more perfect union

Create a nation in which states work together

14th Amendment

Declares that all persons born in the U.S. are citizens and are guaranteed equal protection of the laws no matter your color or gender

Brown vs. Board

Desegregation of schools

Thomas Hobbes

English materialist and political philosopher who advocated absolute sovereignty as the only kind of government that could resolve problems caused by the selfishness of human beings (1588-1679)

19th Amendment

Gave women the right to vote (women's suffrage)

President

Head of the Executive Branch

Bill becomes a law

If a bill has passed in both the U.S. House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate and has been approved by the President, or if a presidential veto has been overridden, the bill becomes a law and is enforced by the government.

Regulatory Agencies

Independent agencies governed by an appointed and confirmed commission. Examples include the Food and Drug Administration, Environmental Protection Agency, and the Securities and Exchange Commission.

Preamble to the Constitution

Introduction to the U.S. Constitution, establishing the goals and purposes of government

Interstate Commerce Act of 1887

Law that was designed to regulate the railroad industry; created the *Interstate Commerce Commission* to railroads and ensure that they complied with the new regulations.

26th Amendment

Lowered the voting age from 21 to 18

Role of Political Parties

Major Function: Nominating candidates to win elections and control the government

Judicial Review

Marbury v. Madison 1803

McCulloch v. Maryland

Maryland was trying to tax the national bank and Supreme Court ruled that federal law was stronger than the state law

Articles of the Constitution

Powers for Each Branch of Government: article I = legislative, article II= executive, and article III= judicial- 7 articles all together

implied powers

Powers not specifically mentioned in the constitution

Democratic Party

Progressive Party (Liberal Party) that favors progressive personal freedom of choice, more social and welfare programs, and government regulations to protect the environment. Pro Choice, Choice in Marriage, Global Warming, and Universal Healthcare for all.

Adam Smith

Scottish economist who wrote the Wealth of Nations a precursor to modern Capitalism.

Declaration of Independence

Signed in 1776 by US revolutionaries; it declared the United States as a free state. Popular sovereignty, social contract, natural rights, and individual rights.

Tinker v. Des Moines

Students have the right to symbolic speech at school as long as it is not disruptive

Tariffs

Taxes on imported goods

Miranda v. Arizona

The accused must be notified of their rights before being questioned by the police (Miranda Rights)

Senate Majority Leader

The chief spokesperson of the majority party in the Senate, who directs the legislative program and party strategy.

Bill of Rights

The first ten amendments to the Constitution

Economic Freedom

The freedom to own property, to make a profit, and to make choices about what to produce, buy, and sell; allows people to build wealth

protect individual freedoms

The main purpose of the Bill of Rights is to

Included in the Bill of Rights

The right to a speedy trial is guaranteed by the

Succession of President

Vice president, Speaker of the House, President pro tempore, and Secretary of State

Individual Rights

What ideal did the Antifederalists find the Constitution lacked?

controlling public school systems

Which of the following is a power reserved to the states?

criminal court

a court dealing with criminal cases

civil court

a court dealing with noncriminal cases.

appeals court

a court that reviews decisions made in lower district courts

Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

a federal agency responsible for regulating food and drug products sold to the public

interest group

a group of people with common goals who organize to influence government

The Enlightenment

a movement that emphasized science and reason as guides to help see the world more clearly

Voting Rights Act of 1965

a policy designed to reduce the barriers to voting for those suffering discrimination such as any use of tests or devices that would disenfranchise voters.

Mandate of Heaven

a political theory of ancient China in which those in power were given the right to rule from a divine source

13th Amendment

abolished slavery

Legislative Action

congress passes minimum wage laws under its power to regulate commerce and immigration laws under its power to regulate naturalization

Basic Function of Government

ensuring national security

Mapp vs. Ohio

evidence seized illegally can't be used in state courts

Texas v. Johnson

flag burning is protected by the First Amendment

Roe v. Wade

legalized abortion

Qualifications for Senate

minimum age 30, U.S. citizen for 9 years, and resident of the state represented

expressed powers

powers directly stated in the constitution

pocket veto

president's power to kill a bill, if Congress is not in session, by not signing it for 10 days

natural born citizen

someone who was born in the U.S. or born to U.S. citizens

Republic

system of government is an indirect form of democracy, placing political decision making at least one step away from the people

Executive Branch

the branch of government that carries out laws

Legislative Branch

the branch of government that makes the laws; Senate and House of Representatives

general welfare

the common good or what is good for all the people, "social contract"

Natural Rights

the idea that all humans are born with rights, which include the right to life, liberty, and property

Speaker of the House

the leader of the majority party who serves as the presiding officer of the House of Representatives

Congress

the legislature of the United States government made up of the Senate and the House of Representatives. AKA Legislative Branch.

Donkey

the symbol of the Democratic Party

Elephant

the symbol of the Republican Party

popular vote

the votes cast by individual voters in a presidential election, as opposed to the electoral vote

Antifederalists

those who favor a weaker national government; against big government