Com 101 Final
The _____ of a speech is used to summarize the key ideas.
Conclusion
By relating abstract statistics to something tangible, a speaker can communicate ideas more clearly. When a speaker does this, he or she makes an idea _____.
Concrete
According to the text, which of the following is true regarding being audience-centered?
During the speech, you should make adjustments based on the audience's responses.
When a speaker delivers a speech with competence and confidence because they have the resources and information to make a good presentation, that speaker is experiencing _____.
Empowerment
As she reached the conclusion of her speech, Marylou said "In summary, the lack of clean water is a detriment to everyone. I urge you to get out and vote tomorrow. Thank you." Which part of her summary is an example of a transition?
In summary
Olivina's speech described the three stages of running a marathon. What type of speech is she presenting?
Informative
What is the primary reason to analyze your audience after you finish delivering your speech?
It can help you prepare for your next speech.
Which of the following is an example of a proposition of value?
It is best if a teenager pays for their first car on their own.
At what point in the speech delivery should the speaker first make eye contact?
Just before beginning to speak
If a nonverbal message contradicts the verbal message, what is the effect on the audience?
Listeners tend to believe the nonverbal message.
Dionte's speech is on the three main components of a lawn mower. These three items will become the _____ of his speech.
Main ideas
To show her audience the chart she had created for her presentation, Natalie held up her note card and passed it back and forth slowly in front of herself. What is the biggest principle Natalie violated when creating her presentation aid?
Make it big enough for the audience to see.
Which of the following is true regarding the preparation of speaking notes?
Many teachers advocate using note cards for these.
Communication that takes place other than through written or spoken language is known as _____ communication.
Nonverbal
While giving a speech about the retention rates at her college, Sarah announced, "On this slide is a line graph showing our school's retention rates." She then moved on to her next slide. What mistake did Sarah make?
She failed to explain her presentation aid.
During her speech, Natalie said "The male nurse was considered an excellent caregiver." How did Natalie use sexist language in this instance?
She perpetuated the stereotype that nurses are typically female.
The central idea should be written as a _____.
Single sentence
The language taught by schools in the United States is known as _____ American English.
Standard
The words you choose and the arrangement of those words make up the _____ of your speech.
Style
Noah told the audience about his encounter with a shark during his speech on ocean water safety. His story is an example of _____.
Supporting material
Which types of words are found at the top of the ladder of abstraction?
abstract
Following her nomination to the school board, Jessica stood up and said a few words. What type of speech would she give in this situation?
acceptance speech
Fran is doing research for her speech and has met a professor who opposes her point of view. Rather than ignore his thoughts, Fran takes time to meet with him and understand his beliefs. Fran's willingness to listen demonstrates the idea of _____.
accommodation
After looking at the web site, Jarret decided not to use it as a source because the site was unsigned and there was no sponsoring organization listed. Which criteria for evaluating an Internet resource does this represent?
accountability
Which communication behavior should be displayed by a mindful listener?
acting selfishly by asking "What's in this for me?"
Which of these situations is an example of red herring reasoning?
When the politician was asked if he was involved in the recent money laundering scandal, he replied that his recent stand on abortion had made nationwide changes in the health system.
As a speaker, how should you deal with outside distractions affecting your audience?
Work to control the physical speaking situation before and during the presentation.
Which of the following is an example of an open-ended question?
What is your opinion on current proposals to raise the minimum wage?
Why might it be helpful to make an audio or video recording of yourself speaking during the rehearsal stage?
You can use it to observe your physical and vocal mannerisms.
Which of the following is true regarding citations?
You do not need to cite any information that is considered common knowledge.
Which of the following is true regarding effective conclusions?
You should make it memorable and motivate the audience to respond.
Which of the following is true of postspeech audience analysis?
Your listeners' actions are the best indicators of your speaking success.
Stephanie deleted the sentence "This has been an incredible journey" from her speech because she knows the word "journey" has become overused and somewhat meaningless. In other words, it is _____.
a cliché
The introduction of a 10-minute speech will probably last no more than _____.
a minute and a half
The three elements of a syllogism include: the major premise, the minor premise, and the _____.
conclusion
A speaker should use _____ words when he or she wants to appeal to the audience's five senses.
concrete
Michelle needs to discuss the theory of relativity in her speech to the science department. When choosing supporting material, she should focus on those things that provide _____ to give her audience specific examples of the theory.
concreteness
While the chef demonstrated how to make a roast, Josa immediately thought about his grandmother, and how much he loves the smell of roast beef cooking in her oven. His thoughts are an example of a _____ meaning.
connotative
Oscar's central idea for his speech is, "In my opinion, all schoolchildren in low income areas should have access to free meals at school." Oscar's professor advised that he revise his central idea because it _____.
contains qualified language
For his speech on the civil rights movement, Joachim delivered the "I Have a Dream" speech by Martin Luther King Jr. By delivering this famous speech, Joachim was practicing the art of _____.
declamation
Chad told his audience that the horse he was referring to was a type of race horse. This is an example of a(n) _____.
definition by classification
Dallas wrote "take a pause" and "walk to the right" on his speaking notes to remind him to do these things during his speech. These directions on the speaking notes are called _____.
delivery cues
Geoff could tell just by looking that the majority of his audience consisted of women under the age of 40. He used _____ audience analysis to determine this.
demographic
Caroline liked the presenter because she told the audience that, just like them, she had also worked in state government. This is an example of _____ credibility.
derived
A speaker would use the visual mapping technique when they are _____.
developing the outline
When using another person as a presentation aid, make sure you plan ahead, only have the person on stage when they are needed, and _____.
do not allow them to run away with the show
Barriers to effective listening commonly occur during which stage(s) of the listening process?
during every stage
Paulette is taking the time to think about everything the salesperson just told her before she decides whether to purchase the car. Which of the following terms applies to what Paulette is doing?
elaborate
According to the text, what are the two long-term advantages related to studying public speaking?
empowerment and employment
Laurence is trying to determine the main ideas for his presentation on the rapid aging of America. After conducting some research, he identifies three primary causes for this demographic shift. Laurence is generating main ideas by _____.
establishing reasons
According to the text, studying public speaking helps you develop skills that are valuable to employers, such as how to organize your ideas, persuade others, hold listeners' attention, and _____.
ethically adapt information to listeners
Karl knew he could convince the audience to believe his side of an issue if he withheld certain facts and exaggerated others, but he refused to do that because he knew it would be wrong. Karl is basing his decision on _____.
ethics
Kenneth grew up in Louisiana and his speech includes Cajun phrases. These phrases are a form of _____.
ethnic vernacular
Zachary said to his audience, "Trust me, I drove a pickup truck for fifteen years before I realized how dangerous it was." His message is based on Aristotle's idea of _____.
ethos
You should draw on _____ while gathering supporting material for your persuasive message.
ethos, pathos, and logos
Which of the following words can be used to accurately describe hyperbole?
exaggeration
A speaker would use a(n) _____ to make clear how something is done or why it exists in its present form.
explanation
Which form of faulty reasoning involves attacking unrelated characteristics of the person proposing an idea rather than attacking the idea itself?
ad hominem
When speaking to a receptive audience, the speaker need not spend too much time on lengthy _____.
explanations or facts
What are the two cardinal rules of an introductory speech?
be brief; be accurate
Which of the following should a listener avoid doing when providing feedback?
be general
According to the text, an effective speaker should use words concisely. This means that the speaker should _____.
be succinct
After assessing the potential usefulness of sources, you should _____.
begin taking notes
Michael is trying to convince his roommate to believe in God and come to church with him next Sunday. Michael's feelings toward God are an example of a(n) _____.
belief
The radio advertisement promoted the idea that the face cream would erase age spots in six months. This advertisement is using positive motivation by focusing on a(n) _____.
benefit
Telling a story, using a personal example, and picking up the delivery pace are all good strategies when the audience seems _____.
bored
In order to come up with a topic for her speech, Stephanie took out a sheet of paper and wrote down everything she could think of over a three-minute period. What technique did Stephanie use?
brainstorming
An epideictic speech is another name for a(n) _____ speech.
ceremonial
Connor's presentation details the battles of the Civil War from the earliest to the latest. Which type of organizational pattern best suits his approach to the topic?
chronological
A survey question that can be answered with a yes or no is called a(n) _____ question.
closed-ended
Jameela plans to give a talk on bike safety to a group of cyclists that she bikes with every week. Jameela has identified a way in which she and her audience are alike, an example of _____.
common ground
An analogy can best be described as a(n) _____.
comparison
A speaker who is seen as informed, skilled, and knowledgeable about a topic can be described as _____.
competent
Which organizational pattern can be used when your central idea has natural divisions that are equal in importance?
topical
The three methods of generating main ideas includes finding logical divisions, establishing reasons, and _____.
tracing specific steps
A typical map is designed to be read from a distance of no more than _____ feet, making enlargement _____ for use as a presentation aid.
two; necessary
The text provides three guidelines for adapting your language to your listeners: use language the audience can understand, use appropriate language, and use _____ language.
unbiased
While the real reason for his presentation was to sell time-share space at the condominium, Robert told his audience that they were there to hear about the new golf course opening up across the street. By misleading his audience, Robert can be labeled as a(n) _____ speaker.
unethical
An ethical speaker is one who _____.
uses sound reasoning
"Many factors are responsible for global warming," is a central idea that contains _____ language.
vague
A(n) _____ is an enduring concept of good and bad, right and wrong.
value
It is more difficult for a speaker to change the _____ of an audience than any of the other dispositions.
values
A _____ search engine indexes Internet-based information in a specific field.
vertical
Quotes should be used in your introduction only if they are extremely interesting, compelling, or _____.
very much to the point
What are the two types of channels used in public speaking?
visual and auditory
Jack's speech teacher stressed the importance of rehearsing a speech ahead of time, and gave several tips to ensure success including preparing the room and equipment, arriving early, and _____.
visualizing success
The _____ of your speech is determined by the amount of air you project through your larynx.
volume
When is high fear arousal more effective in persuasion than moderate or low appeals?
when you are a highly credible speaker
When listeners are told to listen with their eyes as well as their ears, this means listeners should _____.
work to accurately interpret the speaker's nonverbal messages
At the core of all public speaking is a focus on _____.
your audience
You should probably avoid using humor in your introduction if _____.
your audience is linguistically diverse
Metaphors, similes, and personification are all examples of _____.
figurative language
An effective specific purpose should contain one idea, consider the audience, and ____
focus on observable or measurable behavior
In a _____ presentation, audience members direct questions and comments to a group, and group members respond with short, impromptu speeches.
forum
When used as supporting material in a speech, statistics must be _____.
from reliable sources
According to the text, a commencement address should praise the graduates and also focus on the _____.
future
The culturally constructed and psychologically based perception of one's self as feminine or masculine is known as _____.
gender
Tyrell is practicing his speech in front of some friends. Since his goal is to persuade, Tyrell should make a special effort to _____ during the rehearsal process.
get feedback about clarity and structure
Nora ran quickly to the podium after she was introduced and drank a large glass of water before she began to speak. Her speech was on staying hydrated while exercising. Which important function did this action accomplish?
get the audience's attention
Rephrasing a question helps make sure the audience heard the question, allows you to summarize the question, ensures that you understand the question, and _____.
gives you time to think of an answer
In order to access an online database, you would typically have to _____.
go to a library
What activity typically follows a toast?
guests raise their glasses
Reasoning by analogy is a form of _____ reasoning.
inductive
During the meeting, Sven told the other managers that if sales continued on this path, they would probably be out of business in a year. Sven's statement is an example of a(n) _____.
inference
When a professor lectures to a classroom of students on communication theory, it is an example of a speech to _____.
inform
The _____ preview is usually used in conjunction with the central idea within the introduction of the speech.
initial
A(n) _____ is typically included in or follows a statement of the central idea in the introduction.
initial preview
Many people in Martha's audience rushed right out to the book store to buy her book because her weight loss speech had been so emotional that they wanted to read about her journey. This demonstrates the idea of which way to conclude a speech?
inspirational appeal
If a speaker says, "Let's review for just a moment," that speaker is going to include a(n) _____ in the speech.
internal summary
According to the text, the most obvious purpose of an introduction is to _____.
introduce the subject
Which of the following is the best substitution for passing an object through the audience?
inviting the audience up after the speech to see the object
According to the text, the phrase "in conclusion" can sometimes backfire on a speaker because _____.
it can cause listeners to tune out
Henry's speech will be given at the beginning of the conference to emphasize the importance of the day's events and to motivate the audience to work hard. Henry is giving a _____.
keynote address
Your specific purpose should reflect the audience's interests, expectations, and _____.
knowledge level
Cognitive dissonance can be used to motivate listeners to respond to a persuasive message. What does the term dissonance mean?
lack of harmony or agreement
The clip-on microphone used by many newscasters is called the _____ microphone.
lavaliere
While she is not a veterinarian, Jan has had a dog her entire life and felt she was a good source on grooming tips for pets. According to the text, Jan's information would be an example of _____ if it were used as a source.
lay testimony
As a critical listener, one of the essential skills you must apply as an audience member is _____.
learning to separate fact from inference
Which type of graph is best to use if a speaker wants to demonstrate data that covers an extensive period of time?
line
The _____ model of communication is represented by a simple transfer of meaning from a sender to a receiver.
linear
In general, U.S. speakers tend to be more _____ than speakers from Semitic, Asian, Romance, or Russian cultures.
linear and direct
After hearing the audience member's question, Luke said "Obviously you have not heard a single word I said." What technique for responding to audience questions is Luke ignoring in this situation?
listen nonjudgmentally
The working memory theory of listening helps explain which type of listening barrier?
listener fatigue
On the first day of class, Manesh was surprised by the instructor's informality and lack of organization. He realizes he must adapt to the instructor's lecture style, but asks for a syllabus at the end of class. In this situation, what listening behavior is Manesh demonstrating?
listening ethically
The blueprint for a speech contains a statement of the central idea plus a preview of the _____.
main ideas
The subdivisions of the topics within a speech are known as the _____.
main points
Statements coming from the government that deal with sensitive and critical issues typically use which carefully-scripted method of delivery?
manuscript
Tonya wants to get her audience's attention quickly when she starts her demonstration. Which of the following will help her accomplish this?
mention a startling fact
Which of the following describes a smooth way to integrate a citation into a speech?
mentioning the resource type and title
Jake told his audience, "I need every single one of you to go home and write your state representative a letter about this issue." What type of closure do his words represent?
motivate audience to respond
The underlying internal force that drives people to achieve their goals is called _____.
motivation
A belief that is held in common by a group of people, based on their values, cultural heritage, and faith, is called a(n) _____.
myth
Alvin knew that the majority of the people in his audience didn't really have an opinion on texting and driving, so he was going to have to relate the topic to them in order to keep them interested. Alvin's audience can be described as _____.
neutral
A ringing cell phone, a storm outside the window, or an audience member thinking about upcoming plans are all examples of _____.
noise
Thomas told the board of directors that they should not consider building a new theater because the baseball team had not won a game in three years. What type of faulty reasoning is Thomas demonstrating?
non sequitur
Jake paused dramatically before delivering the punch line to his joke. What strategy is he using to make sure his humor is effective?
nonverbal cue
Kyle was surprised that his audience seemed restless during his presentation. He had worked hard to make it amusing, and had even incorporated several funny voices and gestures. However, Kyle's audience was expecting a formal presentation about applying for student loans. The audience response in this situation can be explained by _____.
nonverbal expectancy theory
Martina brought in her collection of Barbie dolls to enhance her presentation on toys that had been popular for more than 50 years. What type of presentation aid is Martina using?
object
When a speaker leaves out a word or phrase that the audience expects to hear, it is called _____.
omission
Your central idea should contain _____ idea(s) because multiple ideas can _____.
one; lead to confusion and a lack of coherence
Lacing a speech with compelling phrases that the speaker finds in a source but does not credit is known as _____.
patchwriting
Janelle is trying to focus on the speaker, but her thoughts keep drifting back to a fight with her mom this morning. What barrier to effective listening is Janelle experiencing?
personal concerns
In a speech about non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Randy ended by revealing that he was successfully being treated for the disease. Randy's conclusion used the technique of _____.
personal reference
The subject of the discourse, the occasion, the audience, and the _____ all affect the style of the language that is used in a speech.
personality of the speaker
Carson told the audience, "Every morning at 5:00 am, my alarm clock springs to life and prods me like a drill sergeant." What technique does he use here?
personification
When a speaker presents a speech to _____, he or she is trying to change the convictions of the audience and might try to urge the audience to action.
persuade
The process of changing or reinforcing attitudes, beliefs, values, or behavior is called _____.
persuasion
Rather than write his own speech, Ken found a speech on the Internet and presented it word-for-word without crediting his source. Ken is guilty of _____.
plagiarism
According to the text, you should use warm colors to communicate _____.
positive messages
A _____ bibliography consists of a list of promising potential sources a speaker might use.
preliminary
Any object that reinforces the speaker's point visually or orally so the audience can better understand it is called a _____.
presentation aid
The speaker told the audience, "Let's all join together in this cleanup effort. This is our school, and we all need to care for it." Which emotion was this speaker appealing to?
pride
According to the principle of _____, a speaker should discuss his or her most important points first.
primacy
When using computer-generated slides, if you do not have a slide to go with a certain portion of your message, you should _____.
project a blank slide
An effective conclusion serves two purposes: summarize the speech and _____.
provide closure
In his speech about accommodating students with disabilities, Samuel begins with the story of his own brother with a disability. As Samuel finishes his speech by describing his brother's college graduation, this conclusion _____.
provides unified support for his main ideas
The degree to which the speech content affects the listeners directly is known as _____.
proximity
Grady learned that the majority of his audience was apathetic about his topic, so he decided to alter his approach a bit. He used _____ audience analysis to determine this.
psychological
Being a skilled _____ will give you an edge over other less skilled individuals, even if those individuals have superior ideas, education, or experience.
public speaker
Mason has been asked to talk about what his association does and the special projects they are undertaking in the next six months. Mason will be giving a(n) _____ speech.
public-relations
According to the text, when taking notes for your citations, you should include the author, title, publisher, page numbers, and _____.
publication date
A(n) _____ relies on double meanings to create humor.
pun
The _____ indicates what the audience should be able to do by the end of the speech, whereas the _____ summarizes the speech in one sentence.
purpose statement; central idea
Public speaking in the twenty-first century is characterized by _____.
rapidly evolving technology and media such as livestreaming and pre-recorded TED Talks
In his public speaking class, Niall learned that when critiquing a speech, he should focus on information that helps the speaker to improve, rather than discuss things the speaker cannot control. In other words, his feedback should be _____.
realistic
Asking for an immediate show of support is effective for which type of audience?
receptive
What are the two main strategies the text discusses to summarize a speech?
reemphasize and restate
While Steven was waiting to give his speech, he was surprised to hear the speaker before him address the same topic he was going to talk about. What strategy should Steven consider in order to make the best of the situation?
refer to the preceding speech in his introduction
After Katrine learned that the new health care law had been passed, she incorporated this information into her introduction. What method is Katrine using to create her introduction?
reference to a recent event
Michael reminded the audience, "When we started off today, I told you that 35 percent of the homeless population is considered mentally incompetent. I hope I have convinced you that our state needs programs to help these people." What technique is Michael using in his conclusion?
reference to introduction
Which of the following is an example of a demographic?
religious views of the audience
When using a model or another large, attention-getting presentation aid, it is helpful to _____.
remove the aid from sight when it is not in use
Which strategy will most help active listeners who want to remain alert and feel engaged?
rephrase key ideas or information
When audience members feel that they are or could be personally involved or affected, they are more likely to _____.
respond to the speaker's message
The contemporary meaning of _____ is the process of using symbols to create meaning to achieve a goal.
rhetoric
Starting a presentation by saying "Are we prepared to meet the challenges of tomorrow?" is an example of a(n) _____ question.
rhetorical
What is the general order of events a speaker should go through when preparing a speech?
select and narrow the topic, determine the purpose, develop the central idea
Robert knew that his audience members were in attendance to learn how to stand up for themselves when faced with unfair criticism. This speech focuses on which of Maslow's hierarchy of needs?
self-esteem
The speaker begins to speak more slowly as she walks to the front of the stage. She deliberately looks around the audience, pauses, and then speaks in a lower pitch. The speaker is most likely trying to _____.
signal her presentation's conclusion
Transitions, previews, and summaries are all examples of _____.
signposts
You should use _____ to impress your listeners with clarity and organization during Q&A sessions.
signposts
Hypothetical illustrations and analogies are both examples of _____ that can be used as supporting material.
soft evidence
Which aspect of public speaking involves the use of encoding?
source
By the end of Sicily's speech, she wanted her audience to be able to describe the three campgrounds available to large groups within the Smoky Mountains. For this speech, Sicily should use the _____ organizational pattern.
spatial
Rob decided to compact his statistics for his presentation, so he started with broad statistics and progressed to precise statistics. What principle is Rob using to incorporate this supporting material for his speech?
specificity
The American Civil Liberties Union was formed in response to the Supreme Court's decision to restrict _____.
speech that presented "a clear and present danger" to the nation
A speaker who employs verbal irony says _____ of what they mean.
the opposite
When selecting the right presentation aid, you need to consider the audience, the speech objective, your own skill and experience, and _____.
the room in which you will speak
Trustworthiness is dependent on _____.
the speaker's known consistent adherence to ethical principles
What rule should a speaker follow when using handouts?
Don't distribute handouts during the speech unless your audience must refer to them.
Which of the following is an example of a challenge to the audience?
"And I urge you to create a household fire safety plan with your family tonight when you get home."
Which of the following speakers is employing pathos in their persuasive message?
"Friends help friends and I could use a friend at this very moment."
Aisha is opening a flower shop and wants to set up a web site so her customers can find her shop. What type of domain is typically associated with a company that sells products and services like Aisha?
.com
It is estimated that more than _____ percent of all information comes to us through _____.
80; sight
According to the text, which is the most effective way to practice a speech?
Aloud, standing as you will when you actually deliver the speech
Sam quickly realized that his audience was confused about his three main points. What does the text suggest a speaker can do when an audience appears confused?
Ask for feedback from an audience member to clarify the situation.
Which of the following speakers is using a nonverbal cue to signal the end of a speech?
Calista took a long pause and stepped toward the audience before delivering her closing remark, "Now, where will you be on election day?"
For Toby's PowerPoint presentation, he used consistent, parallel bullet points, a serif font, clip art, and a red and green color scheme. What could Toby do to improve his presentation?
Change the red and green color scheme.
_____ is a speaker's believability.
Credibility
The final step in the preparation of a speech is _____.
Delivery
Classical rhetoricians used the word disposition when referring to _____.
Developing an orderly speech
Which of the following is a good tip for organizing your persuasive message?
Do not bury key arguments and evidence in the middle of your message.
Which of the following indicates a major idea in a speech outline?
I. There are three popular vacation destinations.
Which of the following students is using the extemporaneous delivery method?
Ian related the major ideas of his speech but did not memorize it word-for-word.
While Marcus feels comfortable using slang with his coworkers, he would never use it in a presentation to the directors. Which aspect of conversation versus public speaking does this represent?
Public speaking is more formal than conversation
Which of the following represents one of the three key differences between conversation and public speaking?
Public speaking is more prepared than conversation
Which of the following is true regarding the cultural backgrounds of your audience members?
People in the United States are very diverse in culture, age, ethnicity, and religious tradition.
Which of the following contains an example of enumeration?
Second, we will discuss the importance of studying before taking the Graduate Record Examinations.
Within a few years of the First Amendment being enacted, Congress passed the _____ as a way to punish those who spoke out against the government.
Sedition Act
Why should the central focus of public speaking be on the audience rather than topic selection or research?
The audience influences your topic choice and every other step of the speechmaking process.
Which of the following is true regarding propositions of fact?
The often require supporting evidence to help prove them.
According to James W. Robinson, why do inspirational appeals work well in conclusions?
They remove the audience from current stresses and demands and give them a moment to accept the speaker's gifts.
Which of the following is the most ethical way to use evidence and reasoning in a speech?
Use sound reasoning to avoid overgeneralizations.
_____ refers to the use of a diverse set of supporting material rather than one type.
Variety
Which of the following aspects of preparing a group presentation is considered the central and most important step?
analyze the audience
What is the correct sequence of steps in the motivated sequence organizational pattern?
attention, need, satisfaction, visualization, action
The focus of Trevor's speech is to convince his audience that grasshoppers play an important role in the ecological system and aren't just " gross bugs." His persuasive speech is designed to change the audience's _____.
attitude
Throughout every single phase of speech preparation, it is vital that a speaker take into consideration the _____.
audience
Although she knew the majority of her audience had voted against the immigration bill, Heidi decided not to alter her speech about the importance of immigration laws in the U.S. By failing to customize her message based on the information she gathered, Heidi was failing at _____.
audience adaptation
The process of examining information about the listeners who will hear your speech is known as _____.
audience analysis
Kent's speech included the following words: "We shall understand how much it takes to fight this disease. We shall find the funds to allow us to research this disease. We shall beat this disease." Kent was using parallelism and repetition in order to _____.
create cadence
The questions "Why should they listen to me?" and "What is my background with respect to the topic?" are both questions regarding _____.
credibility
Jason didn't believe anything the seminar speaker had to say because she failed to make eye contact with anyone in the audience and seemed unsure of herself. Jason would likely say that the speaker is not _____.
credible
Television broadcasters used phrases like "Dante's hell" and "nuclear winter" following the attack on the World Trade Center. This type of language is categorized as _____ rhetoric.
crisis
Evan made sure to listen carefully to the human resource manager's presentation. He wanted to make sure he heard everything about the new 401k plan so that he could research it more carefully at home to see if it was relevant to his needs. In this instance, Evan is using _____ thinking skills.
critical
The process of listening to evaluate the quality, appropriateness, value, or importance of the information you hear is known as _____.
critical listening
According to the text, it is especially important for a public-relations speaker to anticipate _____.
criticism
According to the National Communication Association's Credo for Communication Ethics, ethical communication is fundamental to responsible thinking, relationship development, and _____.
decision making
For effective audience-centered adaptation, the speaker needs to consider the audience, the speech goal, the speech content, and _____.
his or her delivery
Which attention-getting method is especially effective at helping the audience to relax?
humor
As she started her speech, Anne asked her audience to imagine they were swimming across the English Channel like Diana Nyad once did. This is an example of a(n) _____ illustration.
hypothetical
As she finished her speech, Tyra told the audience about her own interactions with special needs children as she was growing up. What method is she using to conclude her speech?
illustration
The degree of physical or psychological closeness between a speaker and his or her audience is known as _____.
immediacy
When Jonah arrived at the meeting, his boss asked him to fill in for the main speaker who had called in sick. Jonah's boss knew that Jonah had also been involved in the project. What type of speaking will Jonah be doing?
impromptu
A _____ is a recap of what has been said and provides additional exposure to the speaker's ideas.
summary
At the end of the presentation, Jackie acted as the moderator and summarized the points reported by the five group members on the stage. Which type of presentation format was used in this situation?
symposium
Which type of listener prefers that speakers get right to the point and avoid long personal stories or extended examples?
task-oriented listener
In the last half of the twentieth century, _____ was the medium through which audiences experienced the most stirring speeches.
television
If a speaker incorporates an anecdote into his or her introduction, what do they do?
tell a story
According to the text, a reasonable number of preliminary sources for a ten minute speech might be _____.
ten or twelve
