Comm 100 Final

bias

As we come from different backgrounds and have differing experiences, our interpretations of the meanings of a speech always contain

provide evidence to support your cause.

Edna Chavez's activism to raise awareness about the impact of immigration policies demonstrates that sharing your standpoint can

processes

If you are planning an informative speech in which you will provide step-by-step guidelines on how to play the violin, your topic will fit into the category of

overgeneralized principles

If you argue that something that is valid in many cases must be valid in all cases, you are engaging in which error of reasoning?

identify the change agent and processes required for change

Imagine you are preparing a presentation to change a school policy you are unhappy with. You've laid out the harms and causes that demonstrate the need for change. What is the next step you should take?

causes

Persuading about policy requires four parts: significant harms, solutions, plans, and

reduce anxiety levels.

Practicing mindfulness can help a speaker

a regional dialect

The form of American English known as Southern Appalachian is

reduce environmental stress

The morning of her speech to an audience of young professionals, Monique took time to have a hearty breakfast. This is a form of which type of behavioral strategy for anxiety alleviation?

mood

The transitory experience of a feeling or emotion is called

facts

To engage in a disagreement about values, what must be agreed upon first?

positive visualization

To prepare for a speech that he will deliver at a gathering of environmental activists, Damien has imagined a scenario in which he is successful at making eye contact, which is a particular aspect that worries him about his public speaking engagements. Damien has employed what cognitive strategy that is useful for alleviating public speaking anxiety?

occurs when there is moderate anxiety.

When delivering a speech, Noah seeks not to get rid of the butterflies in his stomach but instead to align them by focusing on the information to convey, making eye contact with audience members, and showcasing his enthusiasm for the topic. He does so because he understands that peak speech performance

recognize your inner critic

When he was in high school, Oscar was told by one of his teachers that he was not a good enough speaker. Even if he has graduated from college and is now an accomplished business professional, Oscar can still hear in his head the teacher telling them that he can't speak well in public and that he does not make effective presentations. What cognitive strategy has likely helped Oscar rebuild confidence in his speech capabilities?

writing down key points and major themes

When you are taking notes during a speech, which of the following techniques will help you improve your listening skills?

reinforcing

When you communicate something both verbally and nonverbally, what are you doing?

a rhetorical question.

When you provide an audience a visual representation of a process during a speech, an effective transition between the elements of the visual representation would be

I'll explain the difference between PlayStation and XBOX so you can decide which gaming system may be best for you.

Which is the best example of an informative thesis statement?

twirling your hair while speaking

Which of the following is an example of an adapting gesture?

lower body is less visible, hands and face are clear

Which of the following is an indication you are watching a speaker in the social zone?

connect the issue to the values, attitudes, and behaviors of your audience.

"You might be interested because . . ." and "It might be important to you because . . ." are statements that could help

persuasive speeches

A cause-to-effect pattern of organization is the most common in

Impromptu delivery.

A presentation given without advanced preparation is called

asking for clarifications

Anita has received feedback from a peer after a speech but considers the statement to be rather vague. She asks: "Can you give me more concrete examples of what you think worked and didn't work in my speech?" What strategy is Anita employing?

using search engine operators

Imagine typing the following into a search engine: "South America" and (television or "media") and ratings*What would you be doing?

values

Imagine you are advocating for a change in school policy that requires students to select "male" or "female" on forms from the medical center. You know this policy is restrictive and exclusive to folks who may not identify as either. The school eventually concedes and changes the policy, citing that "the forms were outdated, out of touch, and not in line with the mission and vision of the University." Based on the school's statement, what type of disagreement was resolved?

spoofing

Imagine you are searching Twitter for information on upcoming Disney+ shows. In your search, you come across the account @Dissney. At first you don't notice the misspelling of the name, but then you see that the post history seems shorter than it should be, the follower count is under one hundred, and the account was created only a couple of days ago. This account is an example of what?

Account bio, follower count, account creation date, length of the Tweet history (All of the above)

Imagine you are searching Twitter for information on upcoming Disney+ shows. In your search, you come across the account @Dissney. At first you don't notice the misspelling of the name, which would indicate that this is a spoof account. Which of the following is another indicator you could look for?

Seeing the exigence from their perspective can help you pinpoint a purpose.

Knowing your audience is absolutely crucial to delivering a powerful presentation. Which of the following best explains why?

reversal

Lamar is planning a speech on the dire consequences of texting while driving. He will be delivering the speech at a community gathering. Lamar is hoping to change the perspectives of as many people as possible so that they will stop texting while driving and thus save lives. Lamar will likely be using which types of figures of speech?

It makes you less productive at both tasks

Listening to a speaker in a class while doing homework for another class has what impact on your productivity?

explain that aspects of "teranga" are familiar to US audiences

Mariama is an international student from Senegal who will be making a presentation about her country at the international center on the campus of the US university she attends. Mariama is planning to discuss the concept of "teranga" that is specific to her country and that refers to hospitality but also to so much more than that—for example, to respect, community, and solidarity. How should Mariama start her speech?

cognitive anxiety

Martin has read that visualizing success in delivering a speech can actually be helpful for being an effective public speaker. Martin has learned about a strategy to address which dimension of anxiety?

a scientist who wrote a book about the most important comets

Martina is preparing for a speech on comets that she will make in a science class. In her speech, who should Martina plan to cite as a credible source?

Objectification

dehumanizes people

the SIFT method

Alex Jones and Paul Horner are two examples of individuals who provide fake news. What is the best way to prevent or combat falling for information folks like these put out, particularly on social media?

takeaway

At the end of your speech, you are telling your audience openly what you would like them to carry with them from your speech. You are providing to the audience a(n)

audience and context

Ben is a popular video game streamer on Twitch. Every year he raises money for St. Jude Children's Hospital through a twenty-four-hour gaming marathon. This year Ben has been asked to attend a St. Jude function and speak to stakeholders, patients, and doctors about the work he does to support their mission. Leading up to the presentation, Ben does additional research on childhood cancer and the history of St. Jude—knowing that it will be helpful to his presentation. Ben is clearly aware of what?

He is a change agent at that organization.

Carlos works as a policy administrator for a major nonprofit organization. He receives daily correspondence from individuals, organizations, governments, and more that are requesting his nonprofit to make various adjustments to certain policies. The range of requests, which come from all different standpoints and value sets, is vast. Why might people be making these requests to Carlos?

in our minds.

Cognitive strategies are useful when the source of anxiety is

anchoring bias

Courtney googles "symptoms of COVID-19." She clicks on the first result, which is a paid advertisement that leads her to a small, niche blog written by those not in the medical field. Courtney evaluates the website and determines that it is not the best place to find the information she is looking for. She goes on to find a more credible source. By not relying too heavily on the first information she encountered, what did Courtney avoid?

responding to the speaking situation

Dr. Beal is speaking to his students about overcoming adversity. He starts the speech by recalling a time when he was caught stealing from the mall, then explains how the mentor assigned to him after this incident helped him become a law-abiding citizen. This is an instance in which the speaker is

headphones

During a speech delivered online, you can help reduce audio distractions by using

behavioral

For the day of her informative speech in her public speaking class, Niles has cleared his agenda of any other duties. What type of strategy for addressing speech anxiety is this?

asserting the authority of her experience

Gianna works for a nonprofit organization seeking to eliminate food deserts. She is speaking to a stakeholder event and starts her speech by stating: "We should ensure each neighborhood has a grocery store. I know all too well, as I lived in an area where food was scarce when I was a child." Which of the steps to ensure her testimony connects with her audience is Gianna using?

you should show them how the change serves another value.

If audience members must change one of their values to accept your reasoning,

acknowledge a level of plausibility

If your audience members are incorrect about a fact but you want to maintain credibility and goodwill with them, what might be the best approach?

inclined posture

Imagine you are watching a postgame press conference. Your favorite player is at the podium getting ready to answer questions. Their team lost and they played particularly poorly today, so it's clear that they are upset. What type of posture would they likely be demonstrating?

find better coverage

Imagine you are watching television with your family. As you flip through the channels, you stop on a news program that is suggesting that people from Central America are "invading" and "illegally crossing our borders." You find these claims to be controversial, or at least exaggerated, and realize the host isn't providing any evidence of this occurring. After you read the host's Wikipedia page, you decide to check more reliable news sources about what is happening at the border. What step in the SIFT method is this?

code-meshing

In a class that includes students of African American as well as Latinx heritage, the teacher tells the students that in a journaling assignment they can include words and phrases that they typically use at home and that might be informal. The teacher is encouraging

values

In her speeches on climate change, activist Jamie Margolin speaks about such issues as asthma or flooding. In doing so, she seeks to address people's biases about climate change with stories that relate to their own interests and priorities. This demonstrates that she is taking into consideration audience members'

connecting to existing knowledge

In his 2018 presentation at the Wired UK Live conference, scientist Jim Al-Khalili compares how a tennis ball moves with how atoms move. In doing so, Al-Khalili utilizes which strategy for informing audiences?

motivational

In his speech delivered at a neighborhood gathering, Presley is speaking about issues with neighborhood safety and solutions for making the neighborhood safer. The pattern of organization of his speech is

a testimony to describe the example.

In his speech to an audience of college students, Shawn is discussing the culture shock experienced when studying abroad. Shawn states: "Amalia, one of my friends, studied in Australia for a semester. In the beginning of her stay she was enthusiastic, but after a while she became homesick." Shawn is using as evidence

grammar

In the English language you must include a subject in the sentence "I understand," whereas in the Italian language you don't need to use a subject in the sentence "Capisco." This is a difference in

highlighting both her anxiety symptoms and the topic's importance.

In the beginning of her speech, Angela tells her audience of peer college students: "Although I am shaky standing in front of you today, I couldn't miss this opportunity to speak about my passion for human rights." Angela is seeking to connect to her audience by

code-meshing

In the introduction to her cookbook with recipes from worldwide settings, an author of African American heritage recalls how eating Thieboudienne in Senegal has reminded her of eating jollof rice in her grandmother's diner in Louisiana. She is engaging in

internal distractions.

Intense emotions that make it difficult for you to focus during a speech are an example of

audience

Jaylen has an upcoming introductory speech in a class. He decides to focus on his love for skateboarding, as he feels it says something about who he is and his intersectionality. After talking to some of his classmates and listening during class, he realizes that he is the only skateboarder. It's too late to change his speech topic, so Jaylen decides to spend more time talking about the hard work and dedication it takes to be good at skateboarding and how that could carry over to school. Adjusting his topic in this manner shows that Jaylen is aware of his

a speech to persuade

Jonathan is planning to do a presentation on gun control at a community event. He would like to provide some information in support of gun control; however, he has found out that most audience members are likely against gun control. What type of speech should Jonathan plan for?

style

Kenzie and Marlee are delivering speeches on the same topic in the public speaking class they are taking in college. However, they use different figures of speech and convey different feelings to the audience. Their speeches are different in

her general purpose

Kinley is working on an informative speech for an upcoming class. She has prepared her outline and notes about the topics she wants to cover; however, after rereading the assignment she realizes it is a persuasive speech, not an informative speech. She keeps calm and evaluates all her materials and begins to reframe her topic. What has changed for Kinley?

Yes, because discussing personal strengths will help him feel confident.

Matteo has decided to discuss how he has overcome stuttering in a speech he will deliver in his public speaking class. Can this decision lead to an effective speech?

persuade

Roberto is an expert in solar energy and has recently worked on a project that will fundamentally improve the efficiency of solar power. Roberto's work is quite complex. When preparing an upcoming presentation for potential investors, he considers the most important aspects that will be most relevant to them. The general purpose of Roberto's presentation is to

anonymous sources

Roger is interviewing folks for a documentary he is filming. The documentary is on the effects and harm of using fentanyl recreationally. Several of the interviewees request that their identities be concealed. This is understandable for a sensitive subject such as this. By doing so, what does it make the interviewees?

"Recent studies have shown that vaping is equally, if not more, harmful to human lungs than smoking."

Sasha is preparing a talk on the harms of vaping. She is aware that there are people in the audience who vape as well as folks who probably don't have a strong opinion either way. Which of the following examples might be the best way of demonstrating inadequacy?

"Recent studies have shown that vaping is equally, if not more, harmful to human lungs than smoking."

Sasha is preparing a talk on the harms of vaping. She is aware that there are people in the audience who vape as well as folks who probably don't have a strong opinion either way. Which of the following examples might be the best way of stating a new belief?

false authority

Tennis player Novak Djokovic discussed in public on various occasions his opinions on the COVID-19 vaccine. Using information from this tennis player in a speech advocating against vaccines constitutes which type of fallacy?

listen

The best way to grow as a speaker is to

antithesis

The saying "Keep your mouth shut and your ears open" that you might use in a speech on listening skills is an example of what figure of speech?

Monroe's motivated sequence

What is the five-step method to motivate an audience and reduce barriers to action called?

to draw attention to improving one's life

What is the purpose of the following passage?"One step. That is all it takes. One step. It couldn't be easier. Do you want to change your life? Then sit back, relax, and get ready to learn what that one step to a better life is."

rephrasing the question to acknowledge what you have heard.

When an audience member asks a question, a good way to begin your response is by

thank

When someone offers an opinion different than the one of the majority, public speaking experts indicate that the speaker should __________ the dissenter.

an object

Which of the following types of speech topics refers to a material thing that can be sensed and acted on?

arguments from all sides of

You are planning to do a class presentation on a topic you know might be controversial among college students. You should present __________ the controversy.

opening anchor

You are ready to start making a new point in your speech. Which type of transition should you use?

topically distinct

You will be making a speech on the main causes of death in America and you are planning to use as main ideas three main causes you have identified through research, namely heart disease, cancer, and COVID-19. Your main ideas are

full sentences

Your speaking outline should NOT include