Communication Final:

Claptrap Techniques: (4)

1. Contrasts 2. List of 3 3. Set em up, knock em down 4. Puzzle - Solution

Functions of organizations:

1. Coordinate activities. 2. Establish purpose. 3. Delineate roles. 4. Establish and maintain a leader. 5. Create info networks. 6. Develop and maintain organizational structure. 7. Benefit from diversity.

Contributors to failed relationship: (4) 1 (least problematic) --> 4 (most problematic)

1. Criticism 2. Contempt: disrespect, name calling, sarcasm. 3. Defensiveness: reaction to contempt. 4. Stonewalling: withdrawing from conflict.

Stages of cultural adaptation:

1. Honeymoon: Initial happiness with new place. 2. Frustration: Becoming annoyed with various things in the new culture/not being able to assimilate. 3. Readjustment: Finding ways to cope with the new environment. 4. Resolution: Staying in the new culture or leaving.

Stages of relationship development: (5)

1. Initiating: initiating contact. 2. Experimenting: exploring possibility of relationship (date). 3. Intensifying: decide to continue. 4. Integrating: getting engaged/ moving in. 5. Bonding: formalizing/making it public.

Models of Dr. - patient relationships: (4)

1. Paternalistic model. 2. Informative model. 3. Interpretive model. 4. Deliberative model.

Communication Climate: 1. Supportive 2. Defensive

1. Positive: Less judging, problem solving, spontaneity, equality. 2. Negative: judging, controlling, strategizing remarks, superiority.

Johari Window:

1st Quadrant: Known to self, known to others. - "open self", master identities, positive things. 2nd Quadrant: Not known to self, known to others. - "blind self", not knowing you're annoying. 3rd Quadrant: Known to self, not known to others. - "hidden self", medical condition, negative traits. 4th Quadrant: Not known to self or to others. - "unknown self", hidden talent, undiagnosed medical.

Loquaciousness:

A person who tends to be very talkative.

Outflow:

Advertising, marketing, public relations. Transmission of messages into environment.

Communication apprehension:

Anxiety about public speaking/communicating.

Social penetration:

As relationships develop, interpersonal communication moves from non-intimate levels to more intimate.

Self-Disclosure:

As we become closer, we reveal more things.

Contrast:

Ask not what your country can do for you, but what you can do for your country.

Organizational climate:

Atmosphere or tone that members of the organization experience.

Paternalistic model:

Authoritarian like parents. Traditional, doctor decides prescription.

First-order information processing:

Automatic reflexes.

Territoriality:

Beach towels and fences.

High Involvement:

Behaviors correlate with positive perceptions. Eye contact, body orientation, posture, expressive gestures, facial expressions, vocal variety.

Kinesics:

Body movements and gestures.

Downward flow:

Boss to employee.

Micro-wave relationships:

Brief and intense relationships.

Permanence & Portability:

Capacity for media symbols to have uses other than what they were originally used for.

Devito:

Communication is interactive simultaneously and messages are distorted through context. Meaning is negotiated.

Vervet Monkeys:

Communication learned, not just instinct. 50 different calls for predators.

Impression management:

Conscious or unconscious effort to influence perceptions of others about ourselves or others.

Wernicke's:

Controls meaning/semantics.

Dependencies and Counter dependencies:

Counter dependency: Always disagreeing. Dependency: Always agreeing.

Thin description:

Description of behavior, no interpretation.

Polychronic:

Do many things at once.

Interpretive model:

Doctor is a counselor who tells the patient their options based on patient's values. Same as informative, but it is more of an interactive process to understand patient's values.

Deliberative model:

Doctor provides suggestions and tells them what the patient should choose.

Informative model:

Doctor suggests various treatment options based on known patient values and the patient decides.

Doctor-centered care:

Doctors are overly authoritative and have their own interest at heart.

Internal network flow:

Downward, upward, horizontal, internal.

Baton signals:

Emphasize words. (Arms spread wide)

Upward flow:

Employee to boss.

Relationships in the new millenium:

Fast pace/long distance.

Social saturation:

Few geographical/historical boundaries. Fast transportation and new media technology allows for a greater variety of relationships.

Schramm:

Field of experience.

Productivity:

Finite number of words can produce an infinite number of messages.

Informal flow:

Flow between employees of different departments in a non-office setting.

Horizontal flow:

Flow of communication from two individuals of equal status within an organization.

Multiphrenia:

Fragmented self. Conflict in values, ideals, opinions, and/or motives.

"Pure" relationship:

Gender equality eliminates relationships for necessity.

Semantic memory:

General knowledge about people, places, and things.

Impression given v. given off:

Given: Verbal action or offering of goods/services. Given off: Facial movements or expressions given off when a person presents himself.

Passing away:

Gradual dissolution of relationship felt by both parties.

Relationships: (Have and do)

Have: What relationships we have. Do: What we do to maintain those relationships.

Frank Dance:

Helical model - time. Each communication prior builds on the next communicative event.

Pragmatics:

How language is used.

Phonetics:

How sounds are produced.

Phonology:

How sounds make words.

Puzzle - Solution:

How will we keep out Mexicans? I will build a wall.

Syntax:

How words form sentences.

Situated identities:

Identities change in different situations. e.g: A pilot, student, or person in uniform.

Adaptors:

Idiosyncratic movements that are non-communicative. (Biting finger nails)

Set em up, knock em down:

If you say you're for equal rights, but refuse to pass a bill that protects equal rights, then you might have Romnesia.

Sudden death:

Immediate dissolution of relationship, normally one sided due to a broken promise ect.

Tie-signs:

Indicate relationships. (Holding hands)

External networks:

Inflow, Outflow.

Second-order information processing:

Information processing based on things we've learned.

Two-way communication:

Interaction between two or more people.

Thick description:

Interpretation of behavior.

Uncertainty reduction theory:

Lack of knowledge prompts us to seek info about others.

Reverse Cultural Shock:

Living somewhere else for awhile and when you come home, your home no longer feels like home.

Macchiavellianism:

Manipulates others.

Semantics:

Meanings behind words.

MS not equal MR:

Message sent does not always equal message received.

Low-Context:

Most information is in explicit communication.

High-Context:

Most information is in people.

One-way communication:

No interaction.

How relationships develop:

Non-interpersonal knowledge -> interpersonal knowledge. Generic gift -> personal gift.

Metacommunication:

Nonverbal cues that enhance or contradict what we say.

Watzlawick:

One cannot not communicate.

Monochronic:

One thing at a time, emphasis on punctuality.

S -> M -> R = E

One-way communication where a message is created, sent, received which results in an effect.

Aristotle:

One-way speaker influencing audience.

Human relations theory:

Organizations are ran like a family. Managers strive to create a supportive, open work place. Organizations are effective when they enhance worker trust and encourage collaboration.

Scientific management theory:

Organizations are ran like a machine. "One-way" decision making. Maximum productivity through authoritarian boss.

Systems theory:

Organizations are ran like a system. Individuals are dependent on one another. Communication connects parts of a system to collect info and to help guide the system as a whole.

Quality theory:

Organizations are ran like a team. Managers are seen as coaches to make worker productivity better. Workers work collaboratively with a group overseer.

Two kinds of break ups:

Passing away and sudden death.

Cognitive complexity:

Paying attention to detail.

Attraction: (Beauty bias and matching norms)

People believe that individuals go for the most beautiful partner, but actually they go for those who are similar.

Native theory:

Personal theories based on everyday experiences, taken for granted, private, and stable.

Psychological traits:

Personality traits.

Stable relationships:

Pet names. Supportive communication climate.

Illustrators:

Pictures tied to words.

Progressive and Regressive spirals:

Progressive spiral: Increasingly nicer. Regressive spiral: negativity builds.

Master identities:

Race, ethnicity, gender. Visible, can be made relevant regardless of context.

Paradigm:

Rather stable set beliefs.

Self-reflexiveness:

Reflecting on one's own image/behaviors.

Self-monitoring:

Regulates behavior based on reactions from others in a specific social situation.

Inflow:

Research and surveillance. Connects organization to environment and enable it to gather information.

Shannon & Weaver:

Same as Laswell, but introduced "noise".

Preparing a Speech:

Same as writing an outline for a paper.

Affinity seeking:

Seeking acceptance/the approval of others.

Sick role:

Sickness as an excuse for social obligations.

Olfactory:

Smell

Episodic memory:

Specific autobiographical memory of events.

Elements of a successful speech:

Strong argument if the audience agrees with your argument.

Westley & Maclean:

Suggested that the communication process begins with receiving a message.

Organizational culture:

Symbols, events, traditions and behavior patterns that characterize and organization.

Broca's area:

Syntax and production.

Gustatory:

Taste

Anomalies:

Things that contradict paradigms.

Interaction appearance theory:

Those who we have positive interactions with, we find more attractive.

Tactile:

Touch

Oral presentation prep:

Training, rehearsal, overcome communication apprehension.

Emblems:

Translate to language. (Thumbs up)

Katz & Lazarsfeld:

Two-step flow from mass communication to opinion leaders, then opinion leaders to general public.

Martha and Donny:

Two-way communication.

Scholarly theory:

Unstable theories based on research and experimentation. Validity, reliability, utility.

Proxemics:

Use of space.

Chronemics:

Use of time.

Haptics:

Use of touch.

Patient-centered care:

Values the patient's experience.

Paralanguage:

Vocal Behaviors.

List of 3:

We need women's rights, racial equality, and higher wages!

Social identities:

What social group/groups we belong to.

Laswell:

Who, says what, in what channel, to whom, to what effect.

Hawthorne studies:

Workers respond well to attention.

Inevitability:

You cannot not communicate.

We are __________ __________ in constructing public speaking context.

active agents

Public speaking is ____________:

interactive