Communication Final:
Claptrap Techniques: (4)
1. Contrasts 2. List of 3 3. Set em up, knock em down 4. Puzzle - Solution
Functions of organizations:
1. Coordinate activities. 2. Establish purpose. 3. Delineate roles. 4. Establish and maintain a leader. 5. Create info networks. 6. Develop and maintain organizational structure. 7. Benefit from diversity.
Contributors to failed relationship: (4) 1 (least problematic) --> 4 (most problematic)
1. Criticism 2. Contempt: disrespect, name calling, sarcasm. 3. Defensiveness: reaction to contempt. 4. Stonewalling: withdrawing from conflict.
Stages of cultural adaptation:
1. Honeymoon: Initial happiness with new place. 2. Frustration: Becoming annoyed with various things in the new culture/not being able to assimilate. 3. Readjustment: Finding ways to cope with the new environment. 4. Resolution: Staying in the new culture or leaving.
Stages of relationship development: (5)
1. Initiating: initiating contact. 2. Experimenting: exploring possibility of relationship (date). 3. Intensifying: decide to continue. 4. Integrating: getting engaged/ moving in. 5. Bonding: formalizing/making it public.
Models of Dr. - patient relationships: (4)
1. Paternalistic model. 2. Informative model. 3. Interpretive model. 4. Deliberative model.
Communication Climate: 1. Supportive 2. Defensive
1. Positive: Less judging, problem solving, spontaneity, equality. 2. Negative: judging, controlling, strategizing remarks, superiority.
Johari Window:
1st Quadrant: Known to self, known to others. - "open self", master identities, positive things. 2nd Quadrant: Not known to self, known to others. - "blind self", not knowing you're annoying. 3rd Quadrant: Known to self, not known to others. - "hidden self", medical condition, negative traits. 4th Quadrant: Not known to self or to others. - "unknown self", hidden talent, undiagnosed medical.
Loquaciousness:
A person who tends to be very talkative.
Outflow:
Advertising, marketing, public relations. Transmission of messages into environment.
Communication apprehension:
Anxiety about public speaking/communicating.
Social penetration:
As relationships develop, interpersonal communication moves from non-intimate levels to more intimate.
Self-Disclosure:
As we become closer, we reveal more things.
Contrast:
Ask not what your country can do for you, but what you can do for your country.
Organizational climate:
Atmosphere or tone that members of the organization experience.
Paternalistic model:
Authoritarian like parents. Traditional, doctor decides prescription.
First-order information processing:
Automatic reflexes.
Territoriality:
Beach towels and fences.
High Involvement:
Behaviors correlate with positive perceptions. Eye contact, body orientation, posture, expressive gestures, facial expressions, vocal variety.
Kinesics:
Body movements and gestures.
Downward flow:
Boss to employee.
Micro-wave relationships:
Brief and intense relationships.
Permanence & Portability:
Capacity for media symbols to have uses other than what they were originally used for.
Devito:
Communication is interactive simultaneously and messages are distorted through context. Meaning is negotiated.
Vervet Monkeys:
Communication learned, not just instinct. 50 different calls for predators.
Impression management:
Conscious or unconscious effort to influence perceptions of others about ourselves or others.
Wernicke's:
Controls meaning/semantics.
Dependencies and Counter dependencies:
Counter dependency: Always disagreeing. Dependency: Always agreeing.
Thin description:
Description of behavior, no interpretation.
Polychronic:
Do many things at once.
Interpretive model:
Doctor is a counselor who tells the patient their options based on patient's values. Same as informative, but it is more of an interactive process to understand patient's values.
Deliberative model:
Doctor provides suggestions and tells them what the patient should choose.
Informative model:
Doctor suggests various treatment options based on known patient values and the patient decides.
Doctor-centered care:
Doctors are overly authoritative and have their own interest at heart.
Internal network flow:
Downward, upward, horizontal, internal.
Baton signals:
Emphasize words. (Arms spread wide)
Upward flow:
Employee to boss.
Relationships in the new millenium:
Fast pace/long distance.
Social saturation:
Few geographical/historical boundaries. Fast transportation and new media technology allows for a greater variety of relationships.
Schramm:
Field of experience.
Productivity:
Finite number of words can produce an infinite number of messages.
Informal flow:
Flow between employees of different departments in a non-office setting.
Horizontal flow:
Flow of communication from two individuals of equal status within an organization.
Multiphrenia:
Fragmented self. Conflict in values, ideals, opinions, and/or motives.
"Pure" relationship:
Gender equality eliminates relationships for necessity.
Semantic memory:
General knowledge about people, places, and things.
Impression given v. given off:
Given: Verbal action or offering of goods/services. Given off: Facial movements or expressions given off when a person presents himself.
Passing away:
Gradual dissolution of relationship felt by both parties.
Relationships: (Have and do)
Have: What relationships we have. Do: What we do to maintain those relationships.
Frank Dance:
Helical model - time. Each communication prior builds on the next communicative event.
Pragmatics:
How language is used.
Phonetics:
How sounds are produced.
Phonology:
How sounds make words.
Puzzle - Solution:
How will we keep out Mexicans? I will build a wall.
Syntax:
How words form sentences.
Situated identities:
Identities change in different situations. e.g: A pilot, student, or person in uniform.
Adaptors:
Idiosyncratic movements that are non-communicative. (Biting finger nails)
Set em up, knock em down:
If you say you're for equal rights, but refuse to pass a bill that protects equal rights, then you might have Romnesia.
Sudden death:
Immediate dissolution of relationship, normally one sided due to a broken promise ect.
Tie-signs:
Indicate relationships. (Holding hands)
External networks:
Inflow, Outflow.
Second-order information processing:
Information processing based on things we've learned.
Two-way communication:
Interaction between two or more people.
Thick description:
Interpretation of behavior.
Uncertainty reduction theory:
Lack of knowledge prompts us to seek info about others.
Reverse Cultural Shock:
Living somewhere else for awhile and when you come home, your home no longer feels like home.
Macchiavellianism:
Manipulates others.
Semantics:
Meanings behind words.
MS not equal MR:
Message sent does not always equal message received.
Low-Context:
Most information is in explicit communication.
High-Context:
Most information is in people.
One-way communication:
No interaction.
How relationships develop:
Non-interpersonal knowledge -> interpersonal knowledge. Generic gift -> personal gift.
Metacommunication:
Nonverbal cues that enhance or contradict what we say.
Watzlawick:
One cannot not communicate.
Monochronic:
One thing at a time, emphasis on punctuality.
S -> M -> R = E
One-way communication where a message is created, sent, received which results in an effect.
Aristotle:
One-way speaker influencing audience.
Human relations theory:
Organizations are ran like a family. Managers strive to create a supportive, open work place. Organizations are effective when they enhance worker trust and encourage collaboration.
Scientific management theory:
Organizations are ran like a machine. "One-way" decision making. Maximum productivity through authoritarian boss.
Systems theory:
Organizations are ran like a system. Individuals are dependent on one another. Communication connects parts of a system to collect info and to help guide the system as a whole.
Quality theory:
Organizations are ran like a team. Managers are seen as coaches to make worker productivity better. Workers work collaboratively with a group overseer.
Two kinds of break ups:
Passing away and sudden death.
Cognitive complexity:
Paying attention to detail.
Attraction: (Beauty bias and matching norms)
People believe that individuals go for the most beautiful partner, but actually they go for those who are similar.
Native theory:
Personal theories based on everyday experiences, taken for granted, private, and stable.
Psychological traits:
Personality traits.
Stable relationships:
Pet names. Supportive communication climate.
Illustrators:
Pictures tied to words.
Progressive and Regressive spirals:
Progressive spiral: Increasingly nicer. Regressive spiral: negativity builds.
Master identities:
Race, ethnicity, gender. Visible, can be made relevant regardless of context.
Paradigm:
Rather stable set beliefs.
Self-reflexiveness:
Reflecting on one's own image/behaviors.
Self-monitoring:
Regulates behavior based on reactions from others in a specific social situation.
Inflow:
Research and surveillance. Connects organization to environment and enable it to gather information.
Shannon & Weaver:
Same as Laswell, but introduced "noise".
Preparing a Speech:
Same as writing an outline for a paper.
Affinity seeking:
Seeking acceptance/the approval of others.
Sick role:
Sickness as an excuse for social obligations.
Olfactory:
Smell
Episodic memory:
Specific autobiographical memory of events.
Elements of a successful speech:
Strong argument if the audience agrees with your argument.
Westley & Maclean:
Suggested that the communication process begins with receiving a message.
Organizational culture:
Symbols, events, traditions and behavior patterns that characterize and organization.
Broca's area:
Syntax and production.
Gustatory:
Taste
Anomalies:
Things that contradict paradigms.
Interaction appearance theory:
Those who we have positive interactions with, we find more attractive.
Tactile:
Touch
Oral presentation prep:
Training, rehearsal, overcome communication apprehension.
Emblems:
Translate to language. (Thumbs up)
Katz & Lazarsfeld:
Two-step flow from mass communication to opinion leaders, then opinion leaders to general public.
Martha and Donny:
Two-way communication.
Scholarly theory:
Unstable theories based on research and experimentation. Validity, reliability, utility.
Proxemics:
Use of space.
Chronemics:
Use of time.
Haptics:
Use of touch.
Patient-centered care:
Values the patient's experience.
Paralanguage:
Vocal Behaviors.
List of 3:
We need women's rights, racial equality, and higher wages!
Social identities:
What social group/groups we belong to.
Laswell:
Who, says what, in what channel, to whom, to what effect.
Hawthorne studies:
Workers respond well to attention.
Inevitability:
You cannot not communicate.
We are __________ __________ in constructing public speaking context.
active agents
Public speaking is ____________:
interactive