Community health chapter 9

Oral health education is:

planned package of info, learning activities, or experiences to produce an improved oral health -primary goal is disease prevention -facilitate decision making for oral health practices and encourage appropriate choices in preventative health behaviors. *avoidance vs wellness

What is chairside OHE

health education

what is teaching recovering addicts about OH

health education

designing a program to advocate water fluoridation

health promotion

Social Marketing

-4 p of success *Product, place, promotion, price -focus groups: a marketing technique for understanding consumer behavior.

Organizational change theory (theories with community focus)

-applied to improve problem solving and renewal processes of large organizations or entire communities. -states that organizations move through stages or septs as the initiate and adopt changes *defining the problem: recognize, seek solutions *initiating action: formulate policies and directives; allocate resources *implementing change: put the change into action *institutionalizing change: new policy of change becomes integrated into the organization (making it standard)

Social learning theory (Health behavior theories)

-assumes that people and their environments are continuously interacting -people learn through their own experiences and by observing actions of others -reactions to behavior produce positive or negative reactions that may encourage or discourage behavior changes -self-efficacy promote higher motivation to overcome obstacles *aka social cognitive theory

What is the Learning Ladder?

-based on the concept that people learn in a linear series of sequential steps. -illustrates process from ignorance til adaption of behavior. -*****must move through each step to adopt behavior, omitting steps prevents long term adoption of behavior

Define Health promotion

-broad concept -may include health education -general process of advocating health, increasing awareness of health issues, and identifying strategies to address health issues and prevent disease

Diffusions of Innovation theory (theories with community focus)

-describe how new ideal, social practices, or products spread through and btwn societies -works best when involving target population to incorporate values, needs, experiences, and habits -recruit key opinion leaders to gain support -two-way process, often involving media -acceptance of innovations will vary

Consumer information processing model (Health behavior theory)

-evolved from the study of human problem solving and information processing -addresses ways consumers take in and use information in their decision making -2 key assumptions: *people are limited in how much info they can acquire, use and remember *people combine bits of info into summaries, and create rules to make faster and easier choices

PRECEDE-PROCEED MODEL

-format for identifying multiple factors related to health problems, behaviors, and program implementation -PRECEDE *Predisposing factors: reason behind behavior *Reinforcing factors: incentives for repetition of health behaviors *Enabling factors: personal skills and available resources *Constructs *Ecosystem *Diagnosis *Evaluation PROCEED portion refers to administrative and policy components of planning model *Political *Regulatory *Organizational *Constructs affecting *Educational and *Environmental *Development

Stages of Change Model (health behavior theory)

-grew from work with smoking cessation and drug/alcohol addiction. -focuses on the individuals readiness to adopt a behavior change for a healthier life. -main point of the theory: PEOPLE CYCLE THROUGH DIFFERENT STAGES OF READINESS THROUGHOUT LIFE. can be at any stage at any given point of time *Pre contemplation: unaware of problem *Contemplation: aware of problem and thinking about the possibility of making change *Preparation: making a plan for change *Action: practicing the behavior *Maintenance: continuing desired health action *Relapse: resumption of old behaviors

Community organization theory (theories with community focus)

-identifying common problems, developing and implementing methods for reaching goals, and activating resources - this is a self-led and not a professionally designed and implemented program - group members take responsibility, control over their lives and assume leadership roles to effectively collaborate and implement actions

What are the Health Education Focuses

-intrapersonal: individual approach to influence change -interpersonal: social networks to influence change -community focus: impacts social, cultural, and political agencies

what are health literacy barriers?

-may not have to do with level of education -90 million adults in the US have limitations with understanding and acting upon health info -40 million Americans are unable to read and understand text in informed consents, health insurance policies, etc. -will probably result in poor use of resources, and possibly physical harm

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs (Explain what it is)

-prioritize human needs -most imperative needs at base, least imperative needs at the top -importance is represented by size in pyramid -must meet lower needs first, and behavior is driven by needs

Define Health education

-provides decision making foundations needed to become and stay healthy. -defined as "learning opportunities or educational interventions designed to help individuals or groups learn new health info and develop new health behaviors, -a process of communicating info about evidence-based methods of disease prevention -encouraging responsibility for self care

Health belief model (health behavior theory)

-useful in predicting the likelihood of an individuals compliance with professional recommendations for preventive health behaviors -behaviors are based on perceptions and beliefs -Susceptibility: the individual has to believe that they are susceptible to a given disease or condition -Severity: the individual must believe that the disease will have an impact of at least moderate severity, or seriousness, on their life -Beneficial: the indiv must believe that there are effective actions that can be taken to reduce the risk of or control the disease. -Benefits outweigh risks: the individual must believe that the benefits of taking the recommended action exceed any difficulties they might encounter. *stronger beliefs the better the chances that a good health action will take place. *this model can be used to identify leverage points for changing behaviors *is also helpful when designing change strategies

Learning Styles

-way one processes info, feels and behaves in learning situations. -self-learners -auditory learners -kinetic learners -visual learners people typically remember: -10% what read -20% what hear -30% what see -70% what see and hear -90% what see hear and do

what are the abilities included in health literacy?

1.ability to understand instructions on a prescription bottle and using medicines safely. 2. asking pertinent questions for info about personal and/or family health 3. understanding spoken medical and dental recommendations 4. communicating signs and systems to health professionals 5. advocating for patient rights in a health setting

Learning is most effective when many channels of information or senses are stimulated. learners should be actively involved A. both statements are true B. first true, second false C. first false, second true D. both false

A. both statements are true

Precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance and relapse are components of which of the following theories or models? A. Health belief Models B. Stages of Change Model C. Diffusion of innovations Theory D. Community Organization theory

B. Stages of change

Learning occurs as a series of sequential linear steps from unawareness to habit this describes: A. stages of change model B. Learning ladder C. Learning styles D. learning principles

B. The learning Ladder

which of the following best illustrates the concept of health literacy? A. your pt tells you that she reads well B. the subjects in your clinical research pjct are able to understand and use the instructions given C. 55 of 60 people in random sample have completed 12th grade D. all the pts seen in the dental hygiene clinic receive tooth paste at end of apt

B. health literacy refers to the capacity to obtain, process and understand basic health info and services needed to make appropriate health decisions.

Explain levels of Maslow's hierarchy of needs

BOTTOM TO TOP: -Physiologic needs *O2, food, water, rest *most powerful need level -Security and Safety needs *shelter, job, protection, freedom from fear, etc. -Social needs: *relationships, face-face contact, intimacy, desire to not be alone -Esteem/Ego needs: *self worth, respect, confidence, status, esteem, feeling of contribution to society -Self-Actualization/ Self-Realization *fully achieving one's potential, control needs rather being controlled by them

Learning ladder steps

BOTTOM TO TOP: -unawareness -awareness -interest -involvement -action -habit

for a health education program, the oral health educator chose brochures that presented only one main point each, and were easy to handle and manipulate. these educational materials demonstrate principles from: A. health belief model B. social marketing theory C. Consumer info processing model D. social learning theory

C. the consumer info processing model makes 2 key assumptions: 1: people are limited in how much info they can acquire, use, and remember 2: people combine bits of into into useable summaries and create decision rules to enable faster and easier choices *application to health education is that before people will use health info it must be available, considered useful and new, and be user-friendly

According to Maslow a well-organized environment, economic self- sufficiency, familiar surroundings, tasks and activities are A. Physiologic needs B. ego or esteem needs C. Social needs D. security and safety needs E. self fulfillment needs

D. Security and saftey

a person who has successfully completed a health education experience A. will not get any new cavities for the next 18 mos B. can correctly describe flossing tecqs C. answers 5o out of 7 OH questions D. practices new OH behaviors regularly

D. to be considered successful health education must result in behavior change

Which of the following is/are, correct about a focus group? More than one may apply... A. 6-12 people with similar backgrounds B. moderator led guided discussions C. useful tool for collecting info on community needs, attitudes, norms D. inferences can be made for the larger group E. all of the above

E. all of the phrases apply to focus groups

What is anti smoking campaign

Health promotion

Trial ability affects the acceptance and adoption of a new product, idea, or innovation T or F

True!

Define health literacy

the degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions. * ability to understand and apply.