Community/ Public Health Theory Exam 1 Review Questions
A home health care nurse should include which of the following when informing a client about home care service? A. Greater autonomy and control over self-care are fostered B. There are limits to advances in technology C Home care will cost more than staying in the hospital D. A dependency on the home care nurse will develop
A
Which best describes Health Promotion? A. Health Promotion includes all efforts that seek to move people close to optimal well- being or higher levels of wellness B. Health Promotion can be described in terms of 'primary' levels of prevention only C. Health Promotion's goal is to promote the health of those who are at risk of becoming i'll D. Health Promotion focuses on raising levels of wellness for individuals
A
The 10 Essential Public Health Services (select all that apply) A. provide a framework for public health to protect and promote the health of all people in all communities B. Seek to add services designed to provide the exact same services to all people in all communities. C. actively promote policies, systems, and overall community conditions that enable optimal health for all D. seek to remove systemic and structural barriers that have resulted in health inequities.
A, C, D
A community health nurse involved with assessing health needs will find with task easiest in a specific: A.Geographic area. B.Age Group. C.Economic Level. D.Ethnic community.
ANSWER: A A community demarcated by geographic boundaries, such as a city or county, becomes a clear target for the analysis of health needs. Assessing age groups, ethnic community, and economic levels is important, however will require more research and analysis of available data to get information on the specific groups.
Home health leaders are looking to future business lines to reinvent themselves. To do this effectively, the home health nurse needs to be involved in: A.Community based long term care B.Government supported programs C.State advocacy groups D.Community case management initiatives.
ANSWER: A Community based long term care programs will help leaders develop new lines of business to meet the needs of the service areas. Involvement in state advocacy groups, community case management initiatives, and government supported programs will assist to sustain current programs; however they will not assist in innovative future services.
Which statement made by a community health team member best reflects one of the core functions of an effective group? A. "We spend most of the meeting sharing information about the problem." B. "The group does so much better when we have a near unlimited timeline for the solution process." C. "The group works well since everyone is either a doctor or a nurse." D. "We plan to suggest the same solution as we did before since the problems are similar."
ANSWER: A Four functions of particular relevance to the group decision making include the following: Group members share information. In CH nursing, groups often include clients, health professionals and community members who share their experience and expertise to arrive at solutions and decisions. Groups are heterogenous and present diverse views that enrich the number and types of alternatives in the problem-solving process. Groups influence their members thinking by broadening their perspectives and presenting new ways of thinking about the issues. Groups progress toward consensus or resolution by planning tasks that allow members to discuss a set of alternatives and arrive at solutions to meet established goals.
Which is true regarding informal contracts? A. Involves a verbal agreement. B. Applies to serious agreements. C. Signatures of the involved parties. D. Notarization of the document.
ANSWER: A Informal contracts involve some form of verbal agreement about relatively clear-cut purposes and tasks. Legal contracts, which are written and legally binding, would include notarization and signatures and would be applied to serious agreements.
While conducting an assessment the nurse notes that an older client has difficulty walking. What should the nurse expect the client to state as the reason for this disability? A.Nerve damage B.Lung disease C.Arthritis D.Heart Failure
ANSWER: C Chronic diseases, which affect older adults, contribute to disability. Of those over the age of 65, 59% report arthritis as the leading cause of disability. Nerve damage, heart failure and lung disease are not identified as being causes for disabilities in the older adult.
The nurse meets regularly with a group of recently released convicts to help identify and meet their chronic health care needs. In which type of community health care is the nurse engaging? A. Relationship based. B. Community oriented. C. Population focused. D. Client centered.
ANSWER: A Relationship based care incorporates the value of establishing and maintaining a reciprocal relationship with the community. A reciprocal caring relationship with the community involves listening, participatory dialogue, and critical reflection, and it may also involve sociopolitical elements of practice such as advocacy, community empowerment, and movement to action. Community Orientation is a process that is actively shaped by the unique experiences, knowledge, concerns, values, beliefs and culture of a given community. A Population Focus implies that a nurse uses population-based skills such as epidemiology, research in community assessment, and community organizing as the basis for interventions. Client Centered Care focuses on one client and his or her care.
In what way have the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act specifically impacted home care providers? A.Supplemental payments for rural home health care providers has been reinstated through 2015. B.It helps to prevent readmission. C.It allows Medicaid to provide community and home based services to disabled people. D.It allows states to opt out of the expansion of Medicaid services
ANSWER: A The Supplemental Payment Program helps address the lower ration of rural home care professionals as compared to the more urban areas. Community First Choice allows states to offer home and community services to disabled people through Medicare. The Community Care Transitions Program helps high risk Medicare beneficiaries who are hospitalized avoid unnecessary readmissions by coordinating care and connecting clients to services in their communities. The Supreme Court Ruling allows opt outs.
The Public Health Nurse is evaluating the effectiveness of a health delivery system for the older community members. What criteria will the nurse use to evaluate this system? (Select all that apply) A.Services are coordinated B.Services are accessible C.Quality services are provided D.The system is comprehensive E.Payment for services is based on income
ANSWER: A, B, C, D Criteria used to evaluate the effectiveness of a community health delivery system are comprehensiveness, coordination, accessibility and quality. Payment is not a criteria to evaluate the effectiveness of a community health delivery system.
A 90y old resident of a senior community center is seen laughing while playing chess with his 45y old granddaughter. What other primary prevention strategies did this older resident most likely engage to successfully age? (Select all that apply) A. Being positive about life B. Avoiding smoking C.Being involved with others D.Drinking alcohol every day E.Getting regular physical check ups
ANSWER: A, B, C, E Strategies for successful aging include avoiding smoking, getting regular physical check ups, being involved with others, being positive about life. Alcohol should be taken in moderation, which most likely would not be every day.
The balanced budget act of 1997 sought explicitly to reduce federal payments for home health care. Private pay insurance agencies also adopted these standards for payment. Asa result of this act, which statements are true? (Select all that apply) A.Client hospitalizations increased B.Nurse focus on education and training C.Over 3,000 more home health agencies opened D.Qualified clients needed to become independent in providing health care needs at home E.Nurses focus on provision of care F.Positive healthcare outcomes increased
ANSWER: A, B, D The number of Medicare certified home care agencies grew rapidly until enactment of the balanced budget act (BBA) of 1997, which sought explicitly to reduce federal payments to home health care. The adoption of the standards resulted in a closure of many of the Nation's Medicare-certified home health agencies (over 3,000 immediately after the 1997 legislation). Because of standardized reimbursement rates, many Medicare qualified patients, requiring intensive skilled and personal services needed to become independent in providing their health care needs at home. As a result the amount of client rehospitalizations increased and positive health care outcomes decreased. This has necessitated the focus of the home health nurse to change from provision of care to education and training. The home health nurse is charged with the responsibility of educating the client and family on specific techniques to address their health.
Which are characteristics of an effective community health nurse? (Select all that apply) A. Views population as the client B. Sees primary prevention as the priority in selecting community health activities C. Focuses on select groups or populations D. Optimal use of resources is a primary concern E. Is particularly concerned with healthy environments
ANSWER: A, B, E, D The community health nurse views the population as the client while applying the concept of primary prevention when formulating health related activities. Healthy environments and the optimal utilization of available resources are primary concerns of the community health nurse. Focusing on select groups or populations does NOT reflect the greatest good for all.
When is a community health nurse directed by Orem's Self-care Model of nursing theory? A. Demonstrating how to properly bathe an infant to a group of teenage parents. B. Educating a group of gardeners on how to preserve fruits and vegetables properly. C. Advocating for a new ambulance for a community volunteer fire department. D. Deciding to earn an advanced degree in community health nursing.
ANSWER: B According to Orem's Self Care Model the goal of nursing is to promote a community's collective independence and self-care ability.
Which health promotion activity is directed toward a community health issue that has not improved over the last decade? A.Arranging for volunteers to staff a clinic that manages the health issues of homeless men. B.Providing a workshop on healthy eating and increased physical activity for low-income families at the local daycare center. C.Having information concerning the importance of childhood immunizations printed in a variety of languages. D.Applying for a grant to help pay for well-baby visits for newborns of newly immigrated families
ANSWER: B Although our life expectancy has improved and childhood immunization rates have risen, with advancement toward reducing racial and ethnic disparities, our rates of obesity and diabetes has risen well beyond baseline levels from the previous decade. Grant application and arranging for volunteers are not a direct health promotion activity.
Why does the nursing process serve well as a community health tool? A.It provides a means of evaluating the outcomes of actions implemented for the purpose of change. B.It supports problem solving and the management of change actions that ultimately improve health. C.It is an established reliable tool that is regularly used by the professional nurse. D.It stresses critical thinking and can be applied to a variety of social issues.
ANSWER: B Five components- Assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation and evaluation give direction to the dynamics for problem solving, managing nursing action, and improving health of communities and community health nursing practice.
The nurse is looking over a list of new clients in the home care agency. Which client predominantly fits the typical home health care recipient? A. A 45y old black male with a skin ulcer. B. A 68y old Caucasian female with heart failure. C. A 55y old black female with essential hypertension. D. A 77y old Caucasian male with diabetes.
ANSWER: B Home Health recipients are predominantly white women. More than 2/3 are over the age of 65y. The most common diagnosis are diabetes, heart failure, essential hypertension, chronic skin ulcers and osteoarthritis.
Health coaching has improved chronic disease management. What action by the nurse would best mimic health coaching? A.Demonstrating B.Motivating C.Teaching D.Listening
ANSWER: B Motivational interviewing is another term for health coaching, therefore motivating mimics health coaching. Teaching, demonstrating and listening are vital parts of the process however motivation is key to success.
Which is true regarding nonverbal communication? A. It basically focuses on transfer ideas and information to the receiver. B. It is often more important than verbal communication. C. It relays very little of the senders true emotion and attitude. D. It is more often misinterpreted than verbal communication.
ANSWER: B Nonverbal messages, those conveyed without words, constitute a large portion of the messages transmitted in normal communication. Nonverbal statements may enhance or discredit what someone says verbally and thus are even more important than the spoken words. People send nonverbal messages in many ways. Nonverbal messages can be sent through personal appearance, dress, posture, facial expression, gestures, and physical distance between sender and receiver. Body language often speaks louder than words. Facial expressions can convey acceptance or rejection, interest or boredom, anger or patience, and fear or confidence. Gestures or bodily movements such as clenched hands, crossed arms, tapping fingers, hands on hips, or a turns shoulder can negatively affect communication. Eye contact or lack of it, tone of voice, use of silence, also send important nonverbal messages. A nurse's awareness that nonverbal messages may have different cultural meanings or social interpretations can save considerable misunderstanding.
Many older adult home care clients are often found to take many medications prescribed by more than one physician and dispensed by more than one pharmacy. When the nurse documents these many medications, which global category would be most appropriate? A.Inappropriate medications B.Polypharmacy C.Associated adverse drugs D.Multiple use drugs
ANSWER: B Polypharmacy is the appropriate term when many medications are prescribed by multiple physicians and dispensed at more than one pharmacy so that no one is evaluating the mix of medications and their potential side effects. This is not considered associated adverse drugs, inappropriate medications or multiple use drugs.
An 85y old male community member goes swimming at the local YMCA three times a week. What will the nurse most likely assess when talking with this older member? A.Rare disorientation B.Excellent cognition C.Mild confusion D.Occasional forgetfulness
ANSWER: B Studies done on the relationship between exercise and cognition indicate that social engagement and physical activity may help maintain cognitive functioning in older adults. The nurse will most likely assess excellent cognition in this older community member. The member is unlikely to demonstrate the other options.
When evaluating the home environment to prevent falls, what should the nurse do? A. Emphasize shuffling feet when walking. B. Consider client ability when encouraging physical activity. C. Encourage use of lifeline type devices to call for help. D. Remove all area rugs from the premises.
ANSWER: B To prevent falls, the nurse should consider the client ability when looking at the amount and type of physical activity when encouraging client movement. Area rugs can cause falls but removing all may not be necessary. Shuffling feet can increase the rate of fall. Lifeline type devices do not prevent falls but is a way to gain assistance if a fall occurs.
The daughter of an older client with osteoporosis asks the nurse what can be done to prevent the development of the disorder. What should the nurse respond to this question? (Select all that apply) A. Avoid eating red meat B. Avoid smoking C. Exercise D. Maintain a healthy weight E. Ingest a diet rich in Vitamin D and calcium
ANSWER: B, C, D, E Exercise, a diet rich in Vitamin D and calcium, not smoking and maintaining a healthy weight are all actions that can prevent osteoporosis. Red meat is not implicated in this disorder.
A nurse is presenting a workshop at an urban community center for women who have recently experienced a mastectomy. In which type of community is the nurse addressing health care needs? A.Global. B.Gender specific. C.Common interest. D.Urban.
ANSWER: C A common interest community can be identified by a common interest goal. A collection of people, even if they are widely scattered geographically, can have an interest or goal that binds members together. A global community is a large-scale view of the world. Urban community would include the entire city area. Gender specific is not applicable to a community, it would be population based.
A recently widowed older adult does not want to live in the home alone anymore but needs help with meal preparation, bathing, dressing and taking medications. Which type of care approach should the nurse suggest to the client? A.Independent living B.Home health cares C.Assisted living D.Adult day care
ANSWER: C Assisted living provides assistance with activities of daily living and monitoring of resident activities to help endure their health, safety and well being. Assistance may include the administration or supervision of medication, or personal care services provided by trained staff. Home care is provided to the client at home. This is not what the client is requesting at this time. Adult day care is a place where older adults can go during the day for social activities, nutrition, nursing care and physical and speech therapies. This is not what the client is asking for at this time. Independent living is a general term for any housing arrangement designed exclusively for seniors. These facilities provide minor assistance with activities of daily living and maintenance for the housing facility. This older adult needs more help than that which is provided through independent living.
The nurse will focus on which demographic characteristic when analyzing the potential for high health risks within a population of older adults? A.Spirituality B.Gender C.Occupation D.Intelligence
ANSWER: C Class ranking based on occupation, education and wealth (income plus assets) seem to correlate with many different social patterns and are used frequently in research. Occupational level in particular, has historically and consistently proven to be a reliable measure, with surprisingly similar rankings among all societies for which data exist.
Which question would the nurse ask when engaging in an assessment that is focused on identifying the community's boundaries? A. "Is there bus service within the neighborhood?" B. "Are the bridges in the neighborhood well maintained?" C. "Is the neighborhood a part of the larger community?" D. "Is there an acute care hospital in the neighborhood?"
ANSWER: C Community boundaries serve as a basis for measuring incidence of wellness and illness and for determining spread of disease. Availability of hospital and bus service and well-maintained bridges are characteristics of the community related to service.
The community-oriented nurse is preparing education on prenatal care for a group of Muslim women. Which would the nurse do? A. Explain how community orientation is vital to the process of naturalization to American culture. B. Orient the women to health services in their various neighborhoods. C. Consider the women's cultural views on pregnancy and women's roles in the family. D.Provide the women with details regarding the American prenatal health care practices.
ANSWER: C Community orientation is a process that is actively shaped by the unique experiences, knowledge, concerns, values, beliefs and culture of a given community. Orienting to health services, providing details regarding the American prenatal health care practices, and explaining the importance of community orientation are all activities of community health nursing.
What impact does poor health literacy among the older population have on their individual personal health care issues? A. Personal interest in health care has more impact on their wellness than does their ability to read well. B. Poor health literacy in this population results in a reduction in their health care costs. C. They are more likely to use the staff of a local hospital's emergency room as their primary health care provider. D. They are more likely to respond to health promotion interventions than to disease prevention interventions.
ANSWER: C Findings showed evidence that substantial portion of clients seen in ED's have limited health literacy and that adults age 65 or over with lower health literacy were more likely to use ED as a primary source of health care, thus increasing health care costs. Health literacy is characterized as critical to health promotion and disease prevention. Older adults, recent immigrants, migrants, ethnic minorities, and those with low levels of education and dominant language proficiency are most often to be unable to effectively manage their health, gain service access, and understand information presented to them; they are also proportionately more likely to have chronic illnesses such as diabetes, heart disease, and other noncommunicable diseases.
Which is a qualitative assessment method designed to gather the opinion of a neighborhood community on a particular topic? A. Geographic Information System (GIS) B. Survey C. Town Hall Meeting D. Descriptive Epidemiological Study
ANSWER: C The community forum or town hall meeting is a qualitative assessment method deigned to obtain the community's opinions. GIS technology collects, organizes and displays public health data. Survey method asks a series of questions that provide quantitative information. Descriptive epidemiology examines the amount of distribution of a disease or health condition in a population.
What is the basis for successful community health nursing? A.The nurse's willingness to tirelessly advocate for the community. B.The nurse's ability to identify and solve problems. C.A mutually respectful nurse-client relationship. D.Effective interprofessional teamwork.
ANSWER: C The nurse-client interaction is an essential first consideration for community health nursing. The other choices are necessary, but this interaction is key.
The nurse is addressing quality of life for a specific client. On which activities should the nurse focus? (Select all that apply) A.Educational experiences B.Ethnic background C.High risk behaviors D.Lifestyle choices E.Communication Skills
ANSWER: C, D CH Practitioners place a strong emphasis on the capacity to develop a person's potential to lead a fulfilling and productive life- one that can be measured in terms of quality of life. Today, our health is greatly affected by the lifestyles we lead and the risk behaviors in which we engage. Ethnic background, educational experiences and communication skills are NOT lifestyle behaviors.
Which intervention by a public health nurse can best impact the effects of the internet on the health and wellness of a community? A. Encouraging members of local senior centers to access internet health information sites to help manage their chronic health problems. B. Seeking funding to help senior centers purchase computers and internet services for their population's use. C. Working with a local computer club to install and maintain computers a senior center provides for its members. D. Educating senior center staff members to identify reliable health information sites.
ANSWER: D As health educators, public health nurses can provide guidelines to help people decide how to find reliable information sites and how to use health information found on the internet. Funding to provide computers, installation and access provide the resource; however, they must be educated on proper use and sources.
Which client will likely experience limited value from entering into a nurse-client contract that focuses on the client losing weight? A. A 40y old adult male. B. A 60y old adult female. C. A 10y old Hispanic male. D. A cognitively impaired 10y old.
ANSWER: D Developmentally delayed clients and those with serious mental or cognitive impairments (i.e., mental illness, dementia) may be unable to fully participate in the nurse-client contract. There would be no issues with motivated adults and children utilizing effective contracts.
The CH nurse wants to find out what the major health issues are in her community. Identify the initial step the nurse should take. A. Conduct a community assessment. B. Identify key players C. Identify potential members D. Define goals and objectives
Answer is A ADPIE... Assess, Dx, Plan, Intervention, Evaluation
Which statement when made by a nurse, most effectively demonstrates the concept of empathy? A. "I'm sorry I don't have the schedule time for your brain scan but I will let you know as soon as I know. B. "I have always felt the greatest respect for individuals like you who are dealing with a progressive disease like Parkinson's." C. "Mr. Smith, I am your nurse and should you need anything please don't hesitate to let me know." D. "If I were dealing with cancer like you are, I would be angry. Does your diagnosis make you angry?"
ANSWER: D Empathy is a critical component of the communication process as it involved not only understanding a client's feelings but also having a level of self-awareness that allows an individual accurately demonstrate this understanding to the client. We show empathy by striving to put ourselves in our client's shoes. By reflecting their feelings and expressing the message in the receiver's language. Reassuring the client to let his needs be known and apologizing for not knowing the scan time are examples of developing trust and rapport. Showing respect is the third interpersonal skill needed for effective communication.
The nurse is preparing to lead a group tasked with identifying and brainstorming possible solutions for health risks among those senior citizens living in an urban tenement. When does the nurse demonstrate an understanding of group development? A. Defining the norming stage as when there is a normal lack of unity among members. B. Introducing sensitive topics early to help the group focus better. C. Setting the group rules as soon as the group is in the storming stage. D. Planning an ice breaker for the first time the group meets.
ANSWER: D Ice breaker activities to introduce members to each other and move past the awkwardness and hesitancy are often used at the first group meeting. Group rules are identified and set after initial introductions. Sensitive topics should be introduced after the group is in the performing stage. The norming stage occurs when signs of cohesiveness appear and the work begins.
An older client with end stage renal failure lives at home and receives hemodialysis three times a week. What type of care is this client receiving? A. Curative B. Rehabilitative C. Hospice D. Palliative
ANSWER: D Palliative care consists of comfort and symptoms management and does not provide a cure. For most chronic ongoing health conditions such as end stage renal failure, there is no cure; only symptom relief is possible. Hospice care is that which is provided to a person who is expected to live for an additional 6 months or less. Curative care is that which is provided to cure a health problem. Rehabilitative care is that which is provided in a rehabilitation facility for the purpose of restoring physical functioning.
During an assessment the nurse learns that an older community member has several chronic illnesses all being managed with medication. Which problem should the nurse include when planning for this client? A. Abuse B. Lack of financial resources C. Inability to maintain independence in the home D .Polypharmacy
ANSWER: D Polypharmacy is the most common problem with older adults.
Which characteristic of low-density community has a significant negative impact on the health of its population? A. Population tends to be older B. Increased risk of respiratory infections C. Poor housing options D. Few health care providers
ANSWER: D Rural communities offer suffer from inadequate distribution of health care personnel, including private physicians and community health nurses. Other rural health risks include greater rates of injuries from traffic and illnesses related to agriculture pesticide exposure. Recent studies have also found an association between increasing pesticide exposure and ADHD.
The nurse is providing education on the importance of medication compliance to individuals newly diagnosed with tuberculosis. This is an example of: A.Surveillance assessment B.Core public health functions C.Primary prevention D.Tertiary prevention
ANSWER: D Tertiary prevention attempts to reduce the extent and severity of health problems to the lowest possible level. Medication compliance is an example of this. Secondary prevention would include skin or blood testing for TB. Primary prevention would include education to the general population regarding prevention of TB. Surveillance and assessment provides identification tracking of TB cases and core public health functions include assessment, policy development and assurance.
When gathering information for a public forum on the improvement of the quality of life for the older adult, the nurse initially refers to: A.Centers for Disease Control (CDC) B.Healthy People 2030's Leading Health Indicators C.The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report D.The Community Health Status Indicators Report
ANSWER: D The Community Health Indicators Project Report provides county level reports related to such things as infectious and chronic diseases, health related quality of life, behavioral risk factors, vulnerable populations, causes of death, births, and summary measures of health and health disparities. Healthy People 2030 identifies goals and objectives for the nation's health. The MMWR identifies current data on death rates nationwide. CDC provides educational materials that could be utilized for education purposes.
Which is true regarding a theory? A. Part of a concept B. Unrelated to any specific conceptual framework C. Generally found to be a truism D. An attempt to explain or predict events
ANSWER: D Theory is a set of systematically interrelated concepts or hypotheses that seek to explain or predict phenomena. A theory is based on a conceptual framework that is based on concepts.
Which individual is most likely to have the greatest degree of wellness? A. The teenage football player who is diagnosed with acute depression after fracturing a femur and being told he can't play football. B. The 45-year-old client who is diagnosed with cancer who states, "It was inevitable; both my mother and twin sister has this type of cancer. " C. The new mother who misses her recently delivered twins due to developing pneumonia while recovering from a cesarean section. D. The 70-year-old client who is being treated for cardiovascular disease and kidney failure and who self-describes as being "happy to be alive."
ANSWER: D Wellness is a relative concept, not absolute; the individual's perception of wellness has great influence on his or her state of wellness. Wellness runs on a continuum. A football player was an injury, a new mother with pneumonia, and an adult diagnosed with cancer are acute. Thus at this time, they would be considered mildly well and need to recover.
Which are the three levels of Public Health Practice according to the PH Interventions for Nursing Practice (wheel)? E..Individual/Family, Community, Systems F..Counseling, Collaboration, Consultation G..Individual, Community, Population H..Primary, Secondary, Tertiary Levels of Prevention
Answer is A B = are 3 of the 17 PH interventions.... Next Slide C= is the definition of community/public health scope of practice D= are the levels of prevention used in P/C Health
______ provides information about the strengths and resources of a community and can help uncover solutions. It also promotes community involvement, ownership, and empowerment. A. Asset Mapping B. The Omaha system C. The PH Wheel D. PH Theories and Frameworks
Answer is A B= The Omaha System is a research-based, comprehensive practice and standardized documentation designed to describe client care. The Omaha System includes an assessment component (Problem Classification Scheme), a care plan/services component (Intervention Scheme), and an evaluation component (Problem Rating Scale for Outcomes). C=The Public Health Nursing Intervention Wheel is informed by literature and expert practice and provides a common language that names the work of public health nurses. D= Theory is set of systematically interrelated concepts or hypotheses that attempt to explain or predict phenomena and frameworks are used to organize and explain the relationships among variables.
The problem of seasonal influenza can be fatal. The incidence of influenza was elevated across the United States during the 2017-2018 season. Which would be considered a 'community' level intervention? A .Influenza health surveillance & outreach to clinicians by the CDC. B. Local health departments gathering and communicating information from the CDC with other community providers. C. PHNs inquiring about symptoms of infection and history of travel or residence in environments experiencing seasonal influenza.
Answer is B A= 'Systems' level C= 'Individual/family' level (case finding)
Which core function of public health involves informing, educating, and empowering clients? A. Assessment B. Assurance C. Policy Development D. Regulatory Surveillance
Answer is C - Assessment: Regular collection, analysis, and sharing of information about health conditions, risks, and resources in a community - Assurance :Availability of necessary services throughout the community - Policy development: Use of assessment data to develop policy and direct resources toward those policies
Which of the following is an example of a formative evaluation? A. When an evaluation is done that identifies how many cases of flu there were in a community that offered free flu shots. B. When an IUP nursing student fails a clinical course by performing at a level '2' on their clinical evaluation forms. C. When IUP nursing students are told they are performing at a level '2' on their clinical evaluation forms well before completion of their clinical rotation. D. When an evaluation is done in a community that identifies the need for providing free flu shots.
Answer is C A & B= Summative Evaluations D= Wrong statement. This would be a community assessment.
A community health nurse uses Orem's model with a community dealing with a particular health issue. The nurse would focus community assessment on which community action? A..Coping mechanisms for use in adaptation. B..Lines of resistance and defense to stress. C..Environmental conditions to improve negative conditions. D..Collective ability for independence and self care.
Answer is D A is Roy's B is Neuman's C is Roger's D is Orem's
The Council of Public Health Nursing Organizations (CPHNO) formerly known as The Quad Council Coalition of Public Health Nursing Organizations developed 8 domains designed to address PH Nurse __________. A. Policy development B. Assessments and skills C. Competencies D. Leadership
C
A nurse who is Seeking evidence-based solutions to addressing needs in community settings is functioning in the role of A. Educator B. Researcher C. Manager D. Collaborator
B
A public health nurse who partners with local organizations, health care facilities and schools to address adolescent drug addiction concerns in the community is acting as an A. Advocate B. Coordinator C. Educator D. Clinician
B
Which best describes disease prevention? A. Disease prevention is broad, population, community, or individuals based interventions designed to keep populations at the highest levels of wellness B. Disease Prevent is specific, population, community, or individual base interventions aimed at minimizing the disease and associated risk factors C. Disease Prevention involves actions to increase exposure to risks that might increase the chances that individual or group will incur disease
B
Which of the following factors should the home health care nurse consider when planning care for a client in the home? A. The nurse will perform physical therapy exercises if needed B. The family should be included in all care rendered in the home C. All care should be completed in a designated period of time D. The client is the only one designated to receive services
B
Using Healthy People 2030 as a guide, which of the following would best address existing health disparities and achieve health equity within a community? A. Create social and physical environments that promote good health for all B. Promote healthy development, healthy behaviors, and well-being across all life stages. C. Engage leadership, key constituents, and public across multiple sectors to take action and design policies that improve health and well-being of all. D. Attain health literacy to improve health and well- being of all.
C
Which of the following should the home health nurse include when providing home health care for a client? A. Charge for each service provided B. Custodial care for the client C. Plan visits based on client needs D. Receive direct payments from the client
C