Comp 1 Proctored Exam

Give some examples of a thesis statement "announcement" error.

"the subject is" or " I'm going to talk about..."

With a singular compound noun, show possession with...... at the end of the word

's (EX: my mother-in-law's hat)

An effective introduction (or lead-in) serve what 3 purposes?

1) Catches the readers' attention 2) announces the subject matter and tone of your essay 3) leads into the presentation of your thesis and essay map

What are some guidelines for writing a good thesis?

1) States the writer's opinion on the subject 2) Focus on the main idea 3) Make your subject interesting 4) Go in depth with your subject and only your subject 5) Have a good thesis 6) Good thesis located in the first or second paragraph

What are 3 questions the thesis statement answers?

1) What is the subject of the essay? 2) What is the writers' opinion on the subject? 3) What is the writer's purpose of the essay?

Name 6 errors to avoid when writing the conclusion.

1) a boring ending 2) don't introduce new points 3) don't use a conclusion that doesn't flow with the rest of the essay 4) don't change your stance 5) avoid announcing that you're finished with the essay 6) don't insult or anger your reader

What are 5 important means of achieving coherence in your paragraphs?

1) a natural or easily recognized order 2) transitional words and phrases 3) repetition of key words 4) Substitution of pronouns for key words 5) parallelism

The different examples of lead-ins ( or introduction strategies) and conclusion strategies

1) a paradoxical or intriguing statement 2) an arresting statistic or shocking statement 3) a question 4) a quotation from a recognized authority 5) an analogy

A pronoun must agree with its antecedent in 3 ways:

1) person refers to the quality of being 2) number is the quality that distinguishes between singular (one entity) and plural (numerous entites) 3) Gender is the quality that distinguishes the entities as masculine or feminine

Name the 3 functions of the topic sentence of a body paragraph

1) supports the thesis 2) announces what the paragraph will be about 3) controls the subject matter

What is unity in essay writing?

All sentences and ideas flow together

Use a pair of commas in the middle of a sentence to set off....

Clauses, phrases, and words that are not essential to the meaning of the sentence

Use what to separate independent clauses when they are joined by any of the seven coordinating conjunctions: and, but, for, or,nor, so, yet

Commas

Use the apostrophe where the noun that should follow is implied.

EX: This was his father's, not his, jacket.

Ex: Although the motorcycle hit the tree, it was not damaged.

Incorrect (Is "it" the motorcycle or the tree?)

Use one comma before to indicate the beginning of the.....and one at the end to indicate the end of the.....

Pause, pause

Name some examples of supporting evidence for body paragraphs.

Personal experiences, memories, obsevations, hypothetical examples, reasoned arguments, facts, statistics, testimony from authorities, many kinds of studies, and research

What is a thesis statement?

Sentence that declares the main points of the essay

What is prewriting and why is it so important?

The things you do to prepare you to write an essay. It's important because getting started is the hardest part.

what is an essay map?

a brief statement in the introductory paragraph introducing the major points to be discussed in the essay

Extended narrative

a long episode that by itself illustrates or supports an essay's thesis

Extended definition

a long, detailed explanation that thoroughly defines a subject

a pronoun refers to

a noun or takes the place of that noun

Brief narrative

a shorter incident that is often used in a body paragraph to support a particular point in an essay

What type of thesis appears in the rough draft?

a working thesis

Uses commas after introductory

a) clauses b) phrases c) words that come before the main clause

pronouns should

agree in number

his, hers, its, theirs, ours, yours, whose are already possessive so they do not require

an apostrophe

Casual analysis

cause and effect relationship between two (or more) elements

Unity

characteristic of writing where every sentence and paragraph applies to the topic

Development

characteristic of writing where examples and/or facts are used to explain fully a topic

Coherence

characteristics of writing where every sentence and paragraph applies to the topic and there are transitions between the elements

Do NOT use..... to set off essentials elements of the sentence, such as clauses beginning with that (relative clauses). That clauses after nouns are always essential. That clauses following a verb expressing mental action are always essential.

commas

Use commas wherever necessary to prevent possible

confusion or misreading

An antecedent is the word, phrase, or clause to which a pronoun refers, understood by the

context

Use the apostrophe with

contractions

Use a comma near the end of a sentence to separate.....or to indicate a distinct

contrasted coordinate elements, pause or shift

Use commas to separate two or more

coordinate adjectives that describe the same noun.

Subjective description

description that portrays the writer's opinion toward the subject

objective description

descriptions without any personal impression

What is time order?

details arranged in chronological order

Describe the Order of Space in body paragraph writing (be familiar with examples of this)

details of a physical object head to toe

Effective body paragraphs should have these three elements

development, coherence, and unity

When writing in second person (you)

don't switch to first or third

Be sure never to add an extra comma between the.... and the noun itself or to use.....with non-coordinate adjectives

final adjective, commas

Use commas to set off phrases at the end of the sentence that refer back to the beginning or middle of the sentence. such phrases are.... that can be placed anywhere in the sentence without causing confusion

free modifiers

Tone

general words that describes writers' attitudes toward their subject matter

Never use an apostrophe with possessive pronouns:

his, hers, its, theirs, ours, yours, whose

Spatial organization

information is organized in terms of space or location

order of importance

information is organized in terms of the value placed or not placed on the information

chronological organization

information is organized in terms of when it happened

The only time an apostrophe is used for it's is when it is a contraction for

it is or it has

Use a comma to shift between the

main disclosure and a quotation

a pronoun refers to a place, person, thing, feeling, or quality but does not refer to it by its

name

A pronoun is a substitute for a

noun

To show plural possession, make the.... plural first. Then immediately use the apostrophe

noun (EX: two boys' hats)

Point by point

organizational pattern for compare/contrast essays where each point is individually discussed

Side by side

organizational pattern for compare/contrast essays where each subject being discussed is analyzed individually

Whether formal or informal,------ will help you plan writing the body paragraphs

outline

pronouns should also agree in

person

If the compound noun is plural, form the....first and then use the apostrophe

plural (EX: my two brothers-in-law's hats)

Do not use an apostrophe for the.....

plural of a name (EX: We visited the Sanchezes in Los Angeles

Use the apostrophe to show

possession

The apostrophe is always placed at the spot where the letter(s) has been

removed (Ex; Don't, isn't)

Although names ending in s or an s sound are not required to have the

second s added in possessive form, it is preferred (Ex: Mr. Jones's golf clubs)

Place the apostrophe before the s to show

singular possession (Ex: one boy's hat)

If the pronoun takes the place of a singular noun, you have to use a

singular pronoun

the words everybody, anybody, anyone, each, neither, nobody, someone, a person etc. are singular and take

singular pronouns

Essay map

statement in the introduction that introduces the major points to be discussed in the essay

Expository narratives

stories that are used to explain or prove a point

Effective body paragraph development mean writing enough____________ information

supporting

When writing in first person (I) don't confuse the reader by......

switching to second person (you) or third person (he, she, they, it, etc.)

Which part of the essay is the most responsible for supporting the thesis statement?

the body paragraphs

______________________________ should emphasize the validity and importance of the writer's thinking

the concluding paragraph

Focus

the direction the essay takes

According to the textbook, where is the topic sentence most frequently located in a paragraph?

the first sentence of the body paragraph

Topic sentence

the main point or controlling idea of a paragraph

Thesis statement

the main point or controlling idea of an entire essay

Audience

the person ot group of people who read an essay

Purpose

the reason why a person writes an article

Why is paragraph sequence important?

the subject matter may have a specific way it needs to flow from paragraph to paragraph

What is tone in essay writing?

the writers attitude toward their subject matter and the audience

What is the plural for 'thesis'?

theses

The Introductory paragraph contains a _______, which is usually the last sentence

thesis

The first few sentences of the essay are important because

they grab the readers' attention

Why would you want to avoid expressions such as, "in my opinion," " i believe that," and "i feel that"

they weaken your thesis statement

Revision

thinking process where a person looks at writing with a "fresh eye"

Use commas to separate

three or more words, phrases, or clauses written in a series

Use commas to set off all geographical names, items in dates (except the month and day), addresses (except the street number and name), and.....

titles in names

Pronouns should also refer clearly

to a specific noun

Most body paragraphs present one main point in the discussion, expressed in a

topic sentence

Use the apostrophe and s after the second name only if

two people possess the same item (EX: Ceasar and Maribel's home is constructed of redwood.)

Parallelism

using the same grammatical structure in several sentences to establish coherence

Transitions

words or phrases used to connect thoughts and/or paragraphs