Comp 1 Proctored Exam
Give some examples of a thesis statement "announcement" error.
"the subject is" or " I'm going to talk about..."
With a singular compound noun, show possession with...... at the end of the word
's (EX: my mother-in-law's hat)
An effective introduction (or lead-in) serve what 3 purposes?
1) Catches the readers' attention 2) announces the subject matter and tone of your essay 3) leads into the presentation of your thesis and essay map
What are some guidelines for writing a good thesis?
1) States the writer's opinion on the subject 2) Focus on the main idea 3) Make your subject interesting 4) Go in depth with your subject and only your subject 5) Have a good thesis 6) Good thesis located in the first or second paragraph
What are 3 questions the thesis statement answers?
1) What is the subject of the essay? 2) What is the writers' opinion on the subject? 3) What is the writer's purpose of the essay?
Name 6 errors to avoid when writing the conclusion.
1) a boring ending 2) don't introduce new points 3) don't use a conclusion that doesn't flow with the rest of the essay 4) don't change your stance 5) avoid announcing that you're finished with the essay 6) don't insult or anger your reader
What are 5 important means of achieving coherence in your paragraphs?
1) a natural or easily recognized order 2) transitional words and phrases 3) repetition of key words 4) Substitution of pronouns for key words 5) parallelism
The different examples of lead-ins ( or introduction strategies) and conclusion strategies
1) a paradoxical or intriguing statement 2) an arresting statistic or shocking statement 3) a question 4) a quotation from a recognized authority 5) an analogy
A pronoun must agree with its antecedent in 3 ways:
1) person refers to the quality of being 2) number is the quality that distinguishes between singular (one entity) and plural (numerous entites) 3) Gender is the quality that distinguishes the entities as masculine or feminine
Name the 3 functions of the topic sentence of a body paragraph
1) supports the thesis 2) announces what the paragraph will be about 3) controls the subject matter
What is unity in essay writing?
All sentences and ideas flow together
Use a pair of commas in the middle of a sentence to set off....
Clauses, phrases, and words that are not essential to the meaning of the sentence
Use what to separate independent clauses when they are joined by any of the seven coordinating conjunctions: and, but, for, or,nor, so, yet
Commas
Use the apostrophe where the noun that should follow is implied.
EX: This was his father's, not his, jacket.
Ex: Although the motorcycle hit the tree, it was not damaged.
Incorrect (Is "it" the motorcycle or the tree?)
Use one comma before to indicate the beginning of the.....and one at the end to indicate the end of the.....
Pause, pause
Name some examples of supporting evidence for body paragraphs.
Personal experiences, memories, obsevations, hypothetical examples, reasoned arguments, facts, statistics, testimony from authorities, many kinds of studies, and research
What is a thesis statement?
Sentence that declares the main points of the essay
What is prewriting and why is it so important?
The things you do to prepare you to write an essay. It's important because getting started is the hardest part.
what is an essay map?
a brief statement in the introductory paragraph introducing the major points to be discussed in the essay
Extended narrative
a long episode that by itself illustrates or supports an essay's thesis
Extended definition
a long, detailed explanation that thoroughly defines a subject
a pronoun refers to
a noun or takes the place of that noun
Brief narrative
a shorter incident that is often used in a body paragraph to support a particular point in an essay
What type of thesis appears in the rough draft?
a working thesis
Uses commas after introductory
a) clauses b) phrases c) words that come before the main clause
pronouns should
agree in number
his, hers, its, theirs, ours, yours, whose are already possessive so they do not require
an apostrophe
Casual analysis
cause and effect relationship between two (or more) elements
Unity
characteristic of writing where every sentence and paragraph applies to the topic
Development
characteristic of writing where examples and/or facts are used to explain fully a topic
Coherence
characteristics of writing where every sentence and paragraph applies to the topic and there are transitions between the elements
Do NOT use..... to set off essentials elements of the sentence, such as clauses beginning with that (relative clauses). That clauses after nouns are always essential. That clauses following a verb expressing mental action are always essential.
commas
Use commas wherever necessary to prevent possible
confusion or misreading
An antecedent is the word, phrase, or clause to which a pronoun refers, understood by the
context
Use the apostrophe with
contractions
Use a comma near the end of a sentence to separate.....or to indicate a distinct
contrasted coordinate elements, pause or shift
Use commas to separate two or more
coordinate adjectives that describe the same noun.
Subjective description
description that portrays the writer's opinion toward the subject
objective description
descriptions without any personal impression
What is time order?
details arranged in chronological order
Describe the Order of Space in body paragraph writing (be familiar with examples of this)
details of a physical object head to toe
Effective body paragraphs should have these three elements
development, coherence, and unity
When writing in second person (you)
don't switch to first or third
Be sure never to add an extra comma between the.... and the noun itself or to use.....with non-coordinate adjectives
final adjective, commas
Use commas to set off phrases at the end of the sentence that refer back to the beginning or middle of the sentence. such phrases are.... that can be placed anywhere in the sentence without causing confusion
free modifiers
Tone
general words that describes writers' attitudes toward their subject matter
Never use an apostrophe with possessive pronouns:
his, hers, its, theirs, ours, yours, whose
Spatial organization
information is organized in terms of space or location
order of importance
information is organized in terms of the value placed or not placed on the information
chronological organization
information is organized in terms of when it happened
The only time an apostrophe is used for it's is when it is a contraction for
it is or it has
Use a comma to shift between the
main disclosure and a quotation
a pronoun refers to a place, person, thing, feeling, or quality but does not refer to it by its
name
A pronoun is a substitute for a
noun
To show plural possession, make the.... plural first. Then immediately use the apostrophe
noun (EX: two boys' hats)
Point by point
organizational pattern for compare/contrast essays where each point is individually discussed
Side by side
organizational pattern for compare/contrast essays where each subject being discussed is analyzed individually
Whether formal or informal,------ will help you plan writing the body paragraphs
outline
pronouns should also agree in
person
If the compound noun is plural, form the....first and then use the apostrophe
plural (EX: my two brothers-in-law's hats)
Do not use an apostrophe for the.....
plural of a name (EX: We visited the Sanchezes in Los Angeles
Use the apostrophe to show
possession
The apostrophe is always placed at the spot where the letter(s) has been
removed (Ex; Don't, isn't)
Although names ending in s or an s sound are not required to have the
second s added in possessive form, it is preferred (Ex: Mr. Jones's golf clubs)
Place the apostrophe before the s to show
singular possession (Ex: one boy's hat)
If the pronoun takes the place of a singular noun, you have to use a
singular pronoun
the words everybody, anybody, anyone, each, neither, nobody, someone, a person etc. are singular and take
singular pronouns
Essay map
statement in the introduction that introduces the major points to be discussed in the essay
Expository narratives
stories that are used to explain or prove a point
Effective body paragraph development mean writing enough____________ information
supporting
When writing in first person (I) don't confuse the reader by......
switching to second person (you) or third person (he, she, they, it, etc.)
Which part of the essay is the most responsible for supporting the thesis statement?
the body paragraphs
______________________________ should emphasize the validity and importance of the writer's thinking
the concluding paragraph
Focus
the direction the essay takes
According to the textbook, where is the topic sentence most frequently located in a paragraph?
the first sentence of the body paragraph
Topic sentence
the main point or controlling idea of a paragraph
Thesis statement
the main point or controlling idea of an entire essay
Audience
the person ot group of people who read an essay
Purpose
the reason why a person writes an article
Why is paragraph sequence important?
the subject matter may have a specific way it needs to flow from paragraph to paragraph
What is tone in essay writing?
the writers attitude toward their subject matter and the audience
What is the plural for 'thesis'?
theses
The Introductory paragraph contains a _______, which is usually the last sentence
thesis
The first few sentences of the essay are important because
they grab the readers' attention
Why would you want to avoid expressions such as, "in my opinion," " i believe that," and "i feel that"
they weaken your thesis statement
Revision
thinking process where a person looks at writing with a "fresh eye"
Use commas to separate
three or more words, phrases, or clauses written in a series
Use commas to set off all geographical names, items in dates (except the month and day), addresses (except the street number and name), and.....
titles in names
Pronouns should also refer clearly
to a specific noun
Most body paragraphs present one main point in the discussion, expressed in a
topic sentence
Use the apostrophe and s after the second name only if
two people possess the same item (EX: Ceasar and Maribel's home is constructed of redwood.)
Parallelism
using the same grammatical structure in several sentences to establish coherence
Transitions
words or phrases used to connect thoughts and/or paragraphs