Computer Science Chapter 2

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RAM stands for

Random access memory

True or false a bus is a pathway, such as on the motherboard or inside the CPU, along which can be transferred

True

True or false a storage medium that can hold 256 GB can hold about 256 billion characters

True

is an international coding system for text-based data using any written language

Unicode

Optical computer

a computer that uses light, such as from laser beams or infrared beams

Multiprocessing

the capability to use multiple processors or multiple processing cores in a single computer

Decimal numbering system

the numbering system that represents all numbers using 10 symbols (0-9)

Control Unit

the part of a CPU core that coordinates the operations

Machine cycle

the series of operations involved in the execution of a single machine-level instruction

USB stands for

universal serial bus

Terabyte

1 trillion bytes

Volatile

A characteristic of memory or storage in which data is not retained when the power of the computer turned off

Byte

A group of 8 bits

CPU stands for

computer processing unit

Multi core CPU's allow ________ in which the CPU is able to work on multiple jobs at a time

multiprocessing

Bandwidth

the amount of data that can be theoretically transferred through a communication

Motherboard

the main circuit board of a computer, located inside the system unit, to which all computer system components connect

Binary numbering system

the numbering system that represents all the numbers using just two symbols (0-1)

Bus interface Unit

the part of the CPU core that allows it to communicate with other CPU components

System clock

the timing mechanism within the computer system that synchronizes the computers operations

Megabytes

1 million bytes

Quad-core CPU

A CPU that contains four separate processing cores

Dual-core CPU

A CPU that contains two separate processing cores

The part of the CPU that performs logical operations and integer arithmetic is the

Arithmetic logic unit

ASCII

a fixed length, binary coding system to represent text-based data

PCL express bus

one of the buses most commonly used to connect peripheral devices

Nanotechnology

the science of creating tiny computers and components by working at the individual atomic and molecular levels

a CPU with four separate processing cores is referred to as a _______ CPU

quad-core

L1 is a type of

Cache memory

True or false cache memory is typically built into a CPU

True

Throughput

the amount of data that is actually transferred through a communication

Kilobyte

1 thousand bytes

Exabyte

1000 petabyte

Petabyte

1000 terabytes

Yottabyte

1000 zettabyte

Nonvolatile

A characteristic of memory or storage in which data is retained when the power of the computer turned off

The smallest piece of data (a 0 or 1) that can be represented by a computer is called

Bit

True or false computers that process data with light are referred to as quantum computers

False

True or false the amount of data that can be transferred over a bus in a given time period determines the bus's volatility

False

Register

High-speed memory built into the CPU that temporarily stores data during processing

ROM, read only memory

Nonvolatile chips located on the motherboard into which data or programs have been permanently stored

Flash memory

Nonvolatile memory chips that can be used for storager

Multi-core CPU

a CPU that contains the processing components or core of more than one processor in a single CPU

Machine Language

a binary-based language for representing computer programs that the computer can execute directly

RAM

chips connected to the motherboard that provide temporary location for the computer to hold data and program instructions while they are needed

Universal serial bus

A universal bus used to connect devices to a computer without requiring extra expansion

Expansion slot

a location on the motherboard into which expansion cards are inserted

KB

kilobyte

GPU stands for

Graphics processor unit

Gigabyte

1 billion bytes

is a computer connector on the exterior of a computer into which a peripheral device may be plugged in

port

Tera scale computing

the ability of a computer to process data at teraflop speeds

Frontside bus

the bus that connects the CPU to the chipset that connects to the rest of the bus architecture

CPU

the chip located on the motherboard of a computer that preforms most of the processing for a computer

Graphics processing unit

the chip that does the processing needed to display images on the screen

Memory bus

the connection between CPU and RAM

System unit

the main box of a computer that houses the cpu, motherboard, memory, and other devices

Arithmetic/logic unit

the part of a CPU core that performs logical operations

Decode unit

the part of the CPU core that translates instructions into a form that can be processed by the ALU and FPU

Bit

the smallest unit of data a computer can recognize; represented by a 0 or a 1

Zettabyte

1000 exabyte

Microprocessor

a central process unit for a personal computer

Processor

a chip that performs processing functions

Expansion card

a circuit board that can be inserted into an expansion slot location on a computer's motherboard

Port

a connector on the exterior of a computer to which a device may be attached

Cache memory

a group of fast memory circuitry located on or near the CPU to help speed up processing

Parallel processing

a processing technique that uses multiple processors or multiple processing cores simultaneously

Unicode

an international coding system that can be used to represent text-based data in any written language

Memory

chip based storage

Put the bytes in order from smallest to greatest, megabyte, terabyte, exabyte, yottabyte, kilobyte, gigabyte, petabyte, zettabyte

kilobyte, megabyte, gigabyte, terabyte, petabyte, exabyte, zettabyte, yottabyte


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