CONNECT CH 4, 5, 6
In the provided illustration of nervous tissue, Peter A is representing a _____ a letter B is reprising a ______.
A- Neuron B- Glial Cell
Active transport processes move substances across membranes against a concentration gradient. The energy source for active transport is supplied primarily by cellular energy in the form of ______.
Adenosine triphosphate ATP
What is an example of connective tissue proper?
Adipose tissue
Which occurs in aging?
Amount of collagen in body declines
What is an example of supporting connective tissue?
Cartilage
What are the cells that result when one cell divides?
DAUGHTER CELLS
____ is not found on the plasma membrane
DNA
Nucleosome
Dna double helix would around a cluster of histones
The major tissue type that acts as "a gatekeeper" because it regulates the movement of materials in and out of certain body regions is _______ tissue?
Epithelial
These glands have ducts and excrete their products onto the surface of the skin or into the lumen.
Exocrine
Chromatin
Finely filmantey mass of DNA and protein
Ligands are molecules released from one cell that bind to the receptor of another cell. Which fo the following are types of receptors that can bind ligands?
G protein coupled, enzymatic, channel linked
________ ________ are an example of who might share the same pattern of sugars that extend from their cells in the form of glycocalyx?
Identical Twins
What type of tissue is first to emerge in the developing embryo?
Mesenchyme
What type of membrane lines body passageways that eventually open to the external environment ?
Mucous
What type of membrane lines body passageways that eventually open to the external environment?
Mucous
Which type of connective tissue is located in the umbilical cord only?
Mucous connective tissue
The relative distributions of K+, which is more concentrated inside the cell, and Na+, which is more concentrated outside the cell, are the result of the activity of the ______.
NA+/K+ pump
______ are protein dieting organelles in the nucleus and cytosol of cells.v
Proteasomes
Connective tissue although diverse share which of the following basic components?
Protein fibers cells ground substance
The plasma membrane also functions in establishing and maintaining an electrochemical gradient at the plasma membrane called the ________ potential
Resting membrane potential
On many parts of the body, the components of the dermis include, blood vessels, ___ glands, ____ glands, hair follicles, nail roots, sensory nerve endings, and smooth muscle tissue.
Sudoiferous (sweat sebaceous (oil)
_____ glands are also called sweat glands
Sudoriferous
True or false, Integral proteins extend through the plasma membrane while peripheral proteins DO NOT
TRUE
The rate at which substances diffuse is not constant but is dependent upon which of the following?
Temperature and magnitude of the concentration gradient
Which statements categorize organelles?
They are generally located within cells. Each type of organelle has a specific function, Each type of organelle differs in shape.
A(n) ______ is formed when a sperm fertilizes an oocyte.
Zygote
Cells usually die by one of two mechanisms: chemical/mechanical or
apoptosis
In the development of the emrbyonic skin, the ______ layer gives rise to the epidermis, and the ______ gives rise to the dermis.
basal , mesenchyme
Chromosomes
become visible only when the cell is divifing
Hemangoimas are ____ tumors.
benign
___ is the shape of a red blood cell
biconcave
A hemenagoima is a congenital anomaly that results in skin discoloration due to ___ that proliferate and form a benign tumor.
blood vessels
Each nail plate consists of a pinkish nail ______ and a distal whitish free ______.
body, edge
membrane junctions are composed of
both integral and peripheral proteins
The plasma membrane is made up of three types of lipids
cholesterol phospholipids glycolipids
Four ringed lipid molecules of the cell membrane are
cholesterol molcules
Which is more loosely coiled?
chromatin
When a cell Is dividing the DNA is tightly coiled as
chromosomes
The most diverse, abundant, and widely distributed tissue in the body is
connective tissue.
Nails are derived from the same type of cells that produce the stratum _____ layer of the epidermis.
corneum
The study of cells is called
cytology
In cell division, one cell divides into two identical cells. These new cells are called ______ cells.
daughter
The exposed parts of nails and hair are composed of _____ keratinocytes
dead.
The dermis is ________ to the epidermis and contains primarily __________.
deep; collagen fibers
Most cells in the dermis are called ______ Cells.
dendritic
The net movement of a substance from high concentration to low is called
diffusion
passive processes _____ require the expenditure of cellular energy.
do not
Diffusion is the movement of a substance ____ its concentration gradient.
down
Diffusion is the net movement of a substance _____ its concentration gradient.
down
The gradient that is depends on the combination of the electrical gradient and the chemical gradient is the
electrochemical gradient
Cells of a blastocyst that form in the embryo are called the
embryo blast
The nails, hair, and exocrine glands of the skin are known as
epidermal appendages
The most superficial layer of the integument is the
epidermis
The major tissue type that acts as a "gatekeeper" because it regulates the movement of materials in and out of certain body regions is _____ tissue.
epithelial
Sebaceous glands and sweat glands are types of _____ glands of skin
exocrine
epithelial tissue have _____ innervation.
extensive
In what two ways are damaged skin tissues normally repaired?
fibrosis, regeneration
Friction riches on the tips of fingers are known as
finger prints
A mild sunburn with no blistering is an example of a ______ degree burn.
first
Blood is a type of _______ connective tissue.
fluid
Immune system cells differentiate healthy versus unhealthy cells in the body by examining the
glycocalyx
The study of tissues and their relationships is called which of the following?
histology
_____ is when there is an increase in the number of cells due to mitosis.
hyperplasia
The subcutaneous layer is also known as the ___ or superficial fascia.
hypodermis
Periderm
layer of cells covering the developing epithelium
mesenchyme
layer of embryonic cells that develops into the dermis
The net movement of K+ and Na+ in painting the resting membrane potential is partially dependent upon the number of ______ channels
leak
Which statements describe the locations of epithelial tissue?
lines body cavities, covers body surfaces, covers many organs, lines many organs.
In thick skin, there is an extra layer of epidermal cells. The layer is called the stratum
lucidum
What is the cell division that takes place in somatic cells called?
mitosis
RMP is important to what type of tissue?
muscle and nerve
Cells types of nervous tissue that are responsible for control and information processing are _______ .
neurons
the largest structure within a cell is usually the
nucleus
A simple epithelium has
one layer of epithelial cells.
A structure, which is composed of two or more tissue types, that works together to perform a specific task is a(n)
organ
Complex, organized structures inside cells that have unique characteristics and shapes are called
organelles
Osmosis is a type of
passive transport
The garbage disposals for unwanted and/or excess proteins in a cell are the
proteasomes
When a protein is marked for destruction by having a protein called ubiquitin bound to it, the organelles responsible for this removal are ______.
proteasomes or lysosomes
The connective tissue fibers of ___ layer of the dermis are extensively interwoven with those of the _____ layer to stabilize the position of the skin and bind to the underlying tissues.
reticular, subcutaneous
Which is not a type of membrane-bound organelle?
ribosome
Of the types of the body membranes, the principal type of internal membranes are
serous and mucous membranes,
The three types of muscle tissue are _________.
skeletal, smooth, cardiac
Classify the tissue type of the epidermis: keratinized ________ epithelium
stratified squamous
The layer of skin from which most new epidermal cells are derived from is the
stratum basale
The most superficial layer of the epidermis is the
stratum corneum
The most superficial layer of the epidermis is the ____
stratum corneum
An epithelium is copied of ______ packed cells.
tightly
True or false? Regeneration in the skin replaces damaged or dead cells with the same cell type and restores organ function.
true
The skin is best described as
water resistant
Vernix Caseosa
waterproof protective covering composed of sebum and sloughed off cells
Flagellum means
whip like
A structure that is formed when a sperm fertilizes an oocyte and forms a diploid cell is called a
zygote
A(n) ____ is formed when a sperm fertilizes an oocyte.
zygote
What are the steps of transcription in order, starting with the earliest step?
1. Dna is unwound and RNA polymerase attaches to the promoter of the gene. 2. RNA polymerase forms an RNA copy of the gene. 3. The RNA strand is related from the DNA strand
Which statements correctly describe the nuclear envelope?
- it controls the entry of substances into and out of the nucleus - it is a double membrane -It is continuous with the er - it contains phospholipids
The main functions of the subcutaneous layer are which of the following?
-Acts as an energy reservoir -protects the body - provides thermal insulation
What are the following characteristics of epithelial tissue?
-Selective permeability -Physical Protection - Sensations -Secretions