Connect Quiz Ch16

Large receptive field

- Detects general region of stimulus only - Higher energy cost

Small Receptive Field

- Greater specificity of location - More efficient use of surface area - Lower energy cost

the events of sound wave movement through the ear and nervous pathways in order.

1. Sound waves make the tympanic membrane vibrate. 2. Sound waves are amplified due to movement by the auditory ossicles. 3. Pressure waves are generated within the oval window and travel through the scala vestibuli. 4. The vestibular membrane begins to vibrate. 5. A pressure wave in the endolymph of the cochlear duct displaces a specific region of the basilar membrane. 6. Hair cells in the spiral organ are distorted. 7. The cochlear branch of CN VIII is stimulated

Scientifically proven methods of prevention of cataracts include:

? there is no scientifically proven method of prevention of cataracts.

Which of these is most vulnerable to irreversible damage caused by a very loud noise?

Cochlear hair cells

The majority of macular degeneration cases are found in adolescents.

False

True of False: The smaller the pupil diameter, the more light enters the eye and is directed toward the retina.

False

True of False: In convergence, rotation of the eyes is accomplished by the medial oblique muscles.

False. Medial rotation is accomplished by the medial rectus muscles of each eye.

True of False: Accommodation is a result of parasympathetic stimulation from the optic nerve (I).

False. It is due to the sympathetic stimulation

Glutamate inhibits the bipolar cells that synapse with the rods.

In the dark

The bipolar cells do not stimulate the ganglion cells

In the dark

Action potentials are transmitted out of the optic nerve.

In the light

Activated rhodopsin inhibits the production of glutamate by rods.

In the light

The bipolar cells stimulate the ganglion cells.

In the light

Tonic

Nocicereceptors continually detecting pain, Sensitivity remains constant, Inner ear detecting head position, Respond continuously.

Phasic

Skin receptors detecting clothing, Thermoreceptors adjusting to ambient temperature, Sensitivity decreases over time, Responds to change

If the thinning of the ozone layer continues, scientists are concerned that the incidence of cataracts may increase.

True

Macular degeneration is the leading cause of blindness in developed countries.

True

The amsler grid is used to test for macular degeneration.

True

There is currently no cure for macular degeration.

True

True of False: Both pupils can pick up the light rays when the eyes are looking forward.

True

True of False: Both pupils can pick up the light rays when the eyes are looking forward.

True.

True of False: When we look at a close-up object, the pupil diameter decreases.

True. The pupil constricts during close vision.

True of False: In accommodation, the lens becomes more spherical in shape.

True. The eye focuses on a nearby object, and this causes the tension to be released in the suspensory ligaments, thus causing a more spherical shape.

True of False: Convergence states that eyes are rotated medially as an object moves closer.

True. The eyes must be rotated medially so the object is kept in focus.

Why is visceral pain sometimes localized incorrectly?

Visceral sensory neurons travel along the same pathway as many somatic sensory neurons.

The effect a cataract has on the image cast on the person's retina is:

a clouded visual field and poorly focused image.

The best description of a cataract is:

an opacification of the optic lens due to crystallization of the lens proteins.

In bright-light conditions, visual acuity is best when light is focused on the _______ of the eye.

center

The cells that are photoreceptors (detect color) are

cones

To view close objects, the ciliary muscle will _____, the suspensory ligament will _____, and the lens will become more _______.

contract; loosen; rounded

Place the following labels in order indicating the passage of light through the eyeball.

cornea, anterior chamber, pupil, posterior chamber, lens, vitreous humor, retina, vascular tunic

In low-light conditions, only rods are activated, and visual acuity is best in the _________ of the eye.

corners

The center of the retina is a pit called the

fovea centralis

Rods continuously release the neurotransmitter glutamate.

in the dark

Formation of a cataract is associated with all of the following except:

low serum iron levels.

A single ganglion cell outside of the fovea receives input from _______ rod(s).

multiple

Each cone synapses with _____ ganglion cell(s).

one

Surgical removal of a cataract is:

one of the most common surgical procedures in the United States.

After turning on a bright light in a previously dark room, it is difficult to see for a brief time. This is because

the photoreceptors are photobleached.