Contemporary Health Issues Chapters 14-17

Which of the following is a characteristic of substance use disorder? a. A persistent desire to cut down or stop substance use. b. Developing intolerance toward the substance. c. Adhering to prescribed medications. d. Absence of cravings and withdrawal symptoms.

a. A persistent desire to cut down or stop substance use.

________ is/are the most widely used illicit drug(s) on campuses. a. Marijuana. b. Opioids. c. Tranquilizers. d. Ecstasy.

a. Marijuana.

Which of the following statements is true in the context of blood-alcohol concentration? a. Martinis get alcohol into the bloodstream faster than beer or table wine. b. Chilled alcohol moves more quickly into the bloodstream than warm alcohol. c. Alcohol moves slower into the bloodstream when it is mixed with carbon dioxide. d. One drink for a man has the impact that two drinks have for a woman.

a. Martinis get alcohol into the bloodstream faster than beer or table wine.

Which of the following is one of the signs that a health product may be fraudulent? a. Superlative language. b. No guarantee is offered. c. Lack of consumer testimonials. d. A cited list of medical publications.

a. Superlative language.

________ is defined by a need for markedly increased amounts of alcohol or a drug to achieve the desired effect or a markedly diminished effect with continued use of a substance. a. Tolerance. b. Withdrawal. c. Allergy. d. Hypersensitivity.

a. Tolerance.

Research conducted so far indicates that e-cigarettes ______. a. can lead to airway constriction and inflammation. b. contain carcinogens. c. cause no allergic reactions in users. d. prevent many people from starting to smoke.

a. can lead to airway constriction and inflammation.

Sidestream smoke is ______. a. dirtier than mainstream smoke. b. free of the tar particles and carbon monoxide found in mainstream smoke. c. not a cause of serious health problems in small amounts. d. not harmful in a well-ventilated room.

a. dirtier than mainstream smoke.

The FDA monitors personal health apps that _____. a. monitor blood pressure. b. provide reminders about when to take medication. c. give instructions for the correct use of asthma inhalers. d. track food intake and give tips for making healthier food choices.

a. monitor blood pressure.

Biologically-based therapies may include ________. a. vitamins and herbs. b. massage therapy. c. hypnosis. d. acupuncture.

a. vitamins and herbs.

Which of the following is an over-the-counter painkiller that poses multiple dangers? a. Phenolphthalein. b. Acetaminophen. c. Oxycodone. d. Robitussin.

b. Acetaminophen.

Which of the following statements about alcohol's impact on the body is true? a. Alcohol slows down the elimination of fluid from the body. b. Alcohol lowers the body temperature. c. Alcohol strengthens the heart muscle and decreases the risk of heart diseases. d. Alcohol reduces appetite.

b. Alcohol lowers the body temperature.

Which of the following statements is true about tobacco consumption in the United States? a. Smoking rates are lowest among the poor. b. Asian and Hispanic women have the lowest smoking rates. c. Most smokers smoked daily when they began to smoke. d. Tobacco dependence is more prevalent among individuals age 65 and older.

b. Asian and Hispanic women have the lowest smoking rates.

Which of the following statements is true in the context of alcohol consumption on campuses? a. More college women drink now, and they drink more than they did in the past. b. College women drink more, more often, and more intensely than men. c. The percentage of students who drink has reduced considerably over the years. d. The students who drink the most are those attending two-year institutions.

b. College women drink more, more often, and more intensely than men.

As neuroscientists have shown, the brain's "reward center" responds to both pleasurable and exciting experiences, such as eating chocolate or bungee-jumping, by producing ________, a "feel good" chemical in the brain. a. Acetaminophen. b. Dopamine. c. Serotonin. d. Amphetamine.

b. Dopamine.

Which of the following is one of the signs of a alcohol use disorder as defined by the DSM-5? a. Drinking when alone. b. Drinking more alcohol than intended. c. Regular alcohol use over a long period of time. d. Experiencing greater effects from lesser amounts of alcohol.

b. Drinking more alcohol than intended.

The most common reason people drink alcohol is to ________. a. Appear older than they look. b. Feel less tense. c. Treat medical conditions. d. Engage in skilled activities.

b. Feel less tense.

Which of the following is an effect of the carbon monoxide in cigarette smoke? a. Increased risk of cancer. b. Impairment of normal functioning of the nervous system. c. Constriction of the blood vessels. d. Damaged mucus and cilia in the bronchial tubes.

b. Impairment of normal functioning of the nervous system.

Which of the following statements is true about problem gambling? a. It is primarily a brain disorder. b. It is an addiction that runs in families. c. Individuals who have high academic grades are most likely to exhibit problem gambling. d. Having access to casino machines, ongoing card games, or Internet gambling sites does not increase the likelihood that students will gamble.

b. It is an addiction that runs in families.

Which of the following statements is true of healthcare practitioners? a. One-third of health-care practitioners are medical doctors. b. Nurse practitioners can run community clinics. c. Registered nurses can prescribe medication. d. Podiatrists specialize in problems of the stomach.

b. Nurse practitioners can run community clinics.

Which of the following statements is true of periodontitis? a. It can result from excessive plaque on the teeth. b. Periodontitis can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. c. If left untreated, it can turn into gingivitis. d. It is an early stage of gum disease.

b. Periodontitis can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease.

What is the first step in substance abuse treatment? a. Removing access to drugs. b. The user admitting that he or she is an addict. c. Providing a source of external motivation. d. Beginning a 12-Step program.

b. The user admitting that he or she is an addict.

Which of the following has been found to be true of college binge drinkers? a. Most are over the age of 24. b. They are likely to be dissatisfied with their bodies. c. They are less likely to be involved in social activities. d. Binge drinking among college females has declined.

b. They are likely to be dissatisfied with their bodies.

Women smokers ______. a. are less fertile than nonsmokers. b. are more likely to die from breast cancer than lung cancer. c. tend to be more hyperactive than women who do not smoke. d. tend to have a higher physical nicotine dependence.

b. are more likely to die from breast cancer than lung cancer.

The health effects of cigarette smoking include ______. a. psychological problems. b. earlier onset of dementia among males. c. a more rapid decline in brain function as they age among female smokers compared to males. d. lowered blood pressure.

b. earlier onset of dementia among males.

Social smokers ______. a. experience no problems effects as long as they do not inhale. b. have a higher risk of cancer than nonsmokers, even if they use less than a pack of cigarettes per week. c. sometimes smoke more frequently and intensely than regular smokers and are more dependent on tobacco. d. are more motivated to quit and make more committed attempts to do so.

b. have a higher risk of cancer than nonsmokers, even if they use less than a pack of cigarettes per week.

Secondhand tobacco smoke is _____. a. the smoke inhaled by a smoker. b. more hazardous than outdoor pollution as a cancer-causing agent. c. less hazardous than mainstream smoke. d. less likely to cause serious health problems in children than in adults.

b. more hazardous than outdoor pollution as a cancer-causing agent.

Getting a breast implant can lead to ________. a. connective tissue disorders. b. rupture and scarring. c. autoimmune diseases. d. cancer.

b. rupture and scarring.

Which of the following statements is true about factors associated with smoking behavior and tobacco addiction? a. Smoking behavior is mainly influenced by environment. b. Individuals with mental illnesses are unlikely to smoke. c. Anxiety disorders are linked with smoking. d. No link between substance abuse disorder and smoking has been found.

c. Anxiety disorders are linked with smoking.

Which of the following forms of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is a "mind-body medicine" approach? a. Naturopathy. b. Homeopathy. c. Biofeedback. d. Energy therapy.

c. Biofeedback.

Which of the following is a change implemented under the Affordable Care Act? a. Fewer individuals will receive health care under Medicaid. b. Preventive services are no longer free. c. Insurance companies cannot deny coverage on the basis of pre-existing medical conditions. d. Insurance companies can terminate coverage if a policyholder becomes ill.

c. Insurance companies cannot deny coverage on the basis of pre-existing medical conditions.

Which of the following statements is true about alcoholism? a. It is mainly caused by insufficient willpower. b. It rarely has fatal consequences. c. It can be influenced by heredity. d. It has declined among women in recent years.

c. It can be influenced by heredity.

Which of the following statements is true about caffeine? a. It increases fatigue even when taken in very small amounts. b. It provides relief from anxiety and digestive disturbances. c. It lowers the risk of cardiovascular disease. d. It increases the risk of type 2 diabetes.

c. It lowers the risk of cardiovascular disease.

Which of the following statements is true of Lasik surgery? a. It can be done by optometrists as well as surgeons. b. It does not use cutting instruments other than lasers. c. It may result in poor night vision. d. It can make an aging eye lens flexible again.

c. It may result in poor night vision.

Which of the following statements is true of recent trends in alcoholism recovery programs? a. They have become more medication-based. b. The popularity of 12-step programs has declined. c. More outpatient programs have been made available. d. Detoxification processes have become less important.

c. More outpatient programs have been made available.

________ occurs when a person develops tolerance to the effects of a drug and needs larger and larger doses to achieve intoxication or another desired effect. a. Drug diversion. b. Drug interaction. c. Physical dependence. d. Psychological dependence.

c. Physical dependence.

Which of the following is an effect of nicotine? a. Release of serotonin in the brain. b. Increased urination. c. Stimulation of the adrenal glands. d. Increased hunger.

c. Stimulation of the adrenal glands.

In a health insurance plan, what is a deductible? a. The fee that you pay on each doctor visit. b. The amount of money you pay each month for plan membership. c. The amount of money you pay before your insurance begins paying. d. What you pay for benefits that your health insurance does not cover.

c. The amount of money you pay before your insurance begins paying.

Which of the following statements is true about forms of tobacco other than cigarettes? a. Ingesting tobacco can be more deadly than smoking cigarettes. b. Water-pipe smoking has considerably fewer health risks than cigarette smoking. c. The tobacco in bidis is unprocessed and more potent than the tobacco in cigarettes. d. Clove cigarettes have not been found to cause any lung injuries.

c. The tobacco in bidis is unprocessed and more potent than the tobacco in cigarettes.

Which of the following statements is true in the context of risky addictive behaviors among adults? a. Women are more likely to indulge in risky behaviors than men. b. Non-Hispanic white males are least likely to indulge in substance abuse. c. The vast majority of college students do not engage in addictive behaviors. d. There are no promising treatments for addictions.

c. The vast majority of college students do not engage in addictive behaviors.

Which of the following statements about gender differences in alcohol consumption is true? a. Women tend to have more irregular patterns of drinking than men. b. Women alcoholics are less likely to suffer from liver damage than men. c. Women absorb about 30 percent more alcohol into their bloodstream than men. d. Women have a higher amount of a stomach enzyme that helps digest alcohol than men.

c. Women absorb about 30 percent more alcohol into their bloodstream than men.

The standard definition of "one drink" is based on ________. a. volume. b. a serving. c. amount of alcohol. d. blood alcohol concentration.

c. amount of alcohol.

Psychological side effects of over-the-counter and prescription drugs ________. a. do not include mental or emotional problems. b. decrease as people get older. c. can include changes in the way people think, feel, and behave. d. remain the same irrespective of its dosage.

c. can include changes in the way people think, feel, and behave.

Drug ________ is a pattern of continuing substance use despite cognitive, behavioral, and physical symptoms. a. misuse. b. diversion. c. dependence. d. overdose.

c. dependence.

Constriction of blood vessels due to the toxic chemicals in tobacco can lead to ________. a. reduced blood pressure. b. greater risk of cancer. c. increased risk of blood clots. d. increases in cholesterol.

c. increased risk of blood clots.

As a health-care consumer, you have the right to ________. a. know about your doctor's record as a practitioner. b. obtain your medical records at no cost c. information on how providers use your personal medical information. d. know if your physician is paying a malpractice insurance premium.

c. information on how providers use your personal medical information.

Tobacco use on college campuses ______. a. is higher among black students than others. b. continues to increase despite no-smoking policies by all schools. c. is reported to be a way of managing stress. d. is primarily done by college men.

c. is reported to be a way of managing stress.

Before an appointment with a health-care professional, you should ________. a. dress to look good. b. expect the clinic to locate a copy of your medical history. c. make a list of all medications you take except vitamins and herbal supplements. d. keep track of everything you have eaten and drunk for the last week.

c. make a list of all medications you take except vitamins and herbal supplements.

Smokers who try to quit ______. a. are often successful/ b. usually substitute smokeless tobacco. c. typically require several tries to be successful. d. are only successful when they use nicotine replacement therapy.

c. typically require several tries to be successful.

Compared to other nicotine inhalation methods, water-pipe smoking involves a much greater ______. a. expense. b. risk of mouth cancer. c. volume of smoke inhalation. d. number of puffs required to get the same effect as cigarettes.

c. volume of smoke inhalation.

Which of the following is an example of a stimulant? a. Tylenol. b. Phenolphthalein. c. Aspirin. d. Amphetamine.

d. Amphetamine.

How can you protect yourself against medical hoaxes? a. Ask for a money-back guarantee. b. Choose products that cure a wide range of ailments. c. Choose products that are sold exclusively at one source. d. Ask for published reports of the studies.

d. Ask for published reports of the studies.

Which of the following factors can influence students to use drugs? a. Reading spiritual material. b. Participating actively in class activities. c. Understanding the risks associated with drug usage. d. Consuming alcohol.

d. Consuming alcohol.

Which of the following behaviors indicates an increased risk of problem gambling? a. Being very spiritual. b. Feeling depressed during gambling. c. Belonging to a high socioeconomic class. d. Gambling at an early age.

d. Gambling at an early age.

In the current health-care system, which of the following is true? a. Primary care is usually provided by specialists in a hospital. b. Nurses can perform simple surgical procedures if they are board-certified. c. Most hospitals in the United States are teaching hospitals affiliated with medical schools. d. Hospital stays are generally shorter today than they were 10 years ago.

d. Hospital stays are generally shorter today than they were 10 years ago.

The leading alcohol-related cause of death is ________. a. Cancer. b. Liver dysfunction. c. Hepatitis. d. Injury.

d. Injury.

Which of the following statements about caffeine intoxication is true? a. Doctors recommend that all adults limit their caffeine intake to 250 milligrams per day. b. The recommended maximum dosage for adolescents is 500 milligrams of caffeine a day. c. Ingesting 50 milligrams of caffeine may produce caffeine intoxication. d. It is diagnosed on the basis of five or more specific symptoms.

d. It is diagnosed on the basis of five or more specific symptoms.

Which of the following is an herbal drug? a. K2. b. Tylenol. c. Acetaminophen. d. Khat.

d. Khat.

Which of the following statements is true about alcohol consumption in America? a. White men and women are less likely to drink than other adults. b. Married men and women are more likely to drink than their single or divorced counterparts. c. Nonstudents consume more alcohol and more often than college students of the same age. d. More Americans are choosing not to drink, and alcohol consumption is at its lowest level in decades.

d. More Americans are choosing not to drink, and alcohol consumption is at its lowest level in decades.

Which of the following statements is true about racial factors associated with alcohol consumption? a. Cases of cirrhosis of the liver among African Americans are extremely rare compared cases among whites. b. Hispanic men suffer from a low rate of cirrhosis of the liver. c. American-born Hispanic men drink less than those born in other countries. d. Native Americans have three times the general population's rate of alcohol-related injury.

d. Native Americans have three times the general population's rate of alcohol-related injury.

Which of the following statements is true about preventing relapses in substance abuse? a. Relapses tend to result from moral weakness. b. Lapses usually lead to full-blown relapses. c. The ultimate goal of treatment is learning how to avoid temptation. d. Relapses do not in any way affect the progress that has been achieved.

d. Relapses do not in any way affect the progress that has been achieved.

Which of the following statements is false? a. Using chewing tobacco can lead to lesions on the mucous membranes of the mouth. b. Bidis come in several flavors. c. The active ingredient in cloves lowers sensation in the throat, so clove-cigarette smokers inhale more deeply. d. Smoking cigars is safe if you don't inhale.

d. Smoking cigars is safe if you don't inhale.

Which of the following is one of the differences in smoking behaviors between various racial and ethnic groups? a. Asian American and Hispanic women have the highest rates of smoking. b. The proportion of women who smoke has continually increased. c. Among adults, Native Americans and Alaska Natives have the lowest rates of tobacco use. d. Tobacco use is significantly higher among white college students than among other students.

d. Tobacco use is significantly higher among white college students than among other students.

Which of the following is one of the gender-based differences in patterns of drug use? a. Men are more likely to become addicted to cocaine or heroin. b. Men are more likely to begin using drugs if given the opportunity. c. Women are more likely to abuse alcohol and marijuana. d. Women who abuse drugs are more likely to experience negative effects.

d. Women who abuse drugs are more likely to experience negative effects.

Which of the following statements is true of the Affordable Care Act? a. You cannot remain on your parent's health insurance plan if you are married. b. You can be covered under a parent's health insurance plan till you are 30. c. You can buy a catastrophic health plan if you are over 30. d. You will have to pay a penalty if you don't obtain coverage.

d. You will have to pay a penalty if you don't obtain coverage.

When looking for medical information online, you should ________. a. look for sites that both provide advice and offer products for sale. b. look for information that was recently published in a newspaper. c. read testimonials about the product. d. check the creator of the website to make sure it is a health or medical agency.

d. check the creator of the website to make sure it is a health or medical agency.

Besides joint and back pain, acupuncture can also alleviate ________. a. heart conditions. b. irritable bowel syndrome. c. neurological disorders. d. nausea for those undergoing chemotherapy.

d. nausea for those undergoing chemotherapy.

Nicotine gum is best used ______. a. in sparing amounts. b. in conjunction with nicotine patches. c. to simulate the effects of smoking. d. to diminish withdrawal symptoms.

d. to diminish withdrawal symptoms.

To avoid medical malpractice suits , doctors must ________. a. not make any errors. b. prescribe treatments with good results. c . help their patients live as long as possible. d. use the same standard of care that other physicians would.

d. use the same standard of care that other physicians would.