COPD
What is the group automatically if a patient has had more than 2 exacerbations or at least one that has led to hospitalization
E
What is the assumption for classification of Airflow limitation and GOLD grades
FEV1/FVC ratio is below 0.70
What is considered frequent exacerbations
2+ per year
What is the GOLD group for patients that has a mMRC score of 0-1 or a CAT score of less than 10 with 0-1 moderate exacerbations per year
A
In COPD, when is spirometry done
After bronchodilator is given
What is the clinical presentation of COPD
Airway obstruction and airway trapping
What is an ABE assessment and what two things are considered when using assessment
Apart of the GOLD, uses exacerbation history and symptoms to place patient into groups
What is the GOLD group for patients that has a mMRC score of greater than 2 or a CAT score of greater than 10 with 0-1 moderate exacerbations per year
B
What are some other common findings of COPD
Chest tightness or wheezing, shallow breathing, increased respiratory rate, use of accessory muscles, barrel chest and fatigue
What is the subjective information of assessing COPD
Current nature and magnitude of symptoms using the mMRC or the COPD assessment test (CAT)
According to GOLD 2, what is moderate COPD
FEV1 greater than 50% but less than 80%
According to GOLD 1, what is mild COPD
FEV1 greater than or equal to 80% predicted
According to GOLD 3, what is severe COPD
FEV1 is greater than 30 but less than 50% predicted
According to GOLD 4, what is very severe COPD
FEV1 less than 30% predicted
What are the host risk factors
Genetic (alpha01 antitrypsin deficiency), increased age, male sex, socioeconomic status and lung growth/development
What is GOLD
Global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease
What is the value of FEV1/FVC for COPD diagnosis
Less than 0.7
What does a score of 10 or more for a CAT assessment mean
Not well controlled
What is COPD
Persistent and progressive disease characterized by airflow obstruction and chronic respiratory symptoms which is preventable and treatable
What are the three primary symptoms of COPD
Persistent, progressive dyspnea that gets worse with exercise, chronic cough that can be intermittent or unproductive and chronic sputum production
What are the causes of COPD exacerbation
Respiratory tract infections, environment factors
What is required to diagnose COPD
Spirometry
What is the objective information of assessing COPD
Spirometry results, exacerbation history and presence of comorbidities
What does a 2 or more score for a modified MRC dyspnea scale mean
Symptoms are not well controlled
What does a 0-1 score for a modified MRC dyspnea scale mean
Symptoms are well controlled
What does a score of below 10 for a CAT assessment mean
Symptoms are well controlled
What are the environmental risk factors
Tobacco smoke, indoor air pollution, occupational exposure, and outdoor air pollution