corrections study guide test #1

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who prepares the presentence report for the court

probation officers

on an average there are more than (blank) million people under some form of correctional supervision in the united states

2.3 million

the criminal justice system is expensive to run because it employs more than how many people

4 million americans

blackely vs washington

6th amendment

united states vs booker

6th amendment

with truth in sentencing laws, more and more inmates were sentenced to prison and required to serve what percentage of their sentence

85%

what agency/jurisdiction has the largest number of prisoners

ADX Florence, from florence, colorado

the most noted advocate for the medical model of rehabilitation was what?

Howard Gill

this particular model of rehabilitation focused on treating the disease of offenders and less on punishment

Medical Model

what are the big 4 states with the largest number of prisoners

MS,TN,FL,AL

who is responsible for the supervision of the offenders who are released

Parole officers

a prison in which the persons found guilty of a felon and are isolated

Penitentiary

what is an evidence based program

Programs recognized as evidence-based have demonstrated the highest level of evidence of effectiveness based on the criteria below. These programs, if implemented with adherence to the program developer's model, are likely to produce positive youth outcomes.

who was the governor of ohio and later became president during the first correctional congress held in cinncinatti

Rutherford B. Hayes

who was superintendent of the elmira reformatory in new york

Zebulon Reed Brockway

the largest impact on social cost has affected this racial group more than others

african americans

prison building is often a boom to many communities who view institutions as a

business

the three strike law was first passed in what state

california

those offender who are convicted of drug offenses and those who are unable to secure pretrial release are mostly

due to race and gender

in many jurisdiction, prisons sentences are reduced by about half, this occurs because the offender has earned

good time

the first formal legal code was called

hammurabi

what is restorative justice

is a theory of justice that emphasizes repairing the harm caused by criminal behavior. It is best accomplished through cooperative processes that allow all willing stakeholders to meet, although other approaches are available when that is

who believed that the law should accomplish some utilitarian purpose

jeremy bentham

who was the english sheriff who advocated jail reform

john howard

a term given to the high rate of incarceration in the United States

overcrowding

the penal system is based on the belief that most prisoners would benefit from the experience of incarceration

pennsylvania model

before sentencing takes place in felony cases, it is common for the courts probation staff to conduct

preliminary investigation

disparities in sentencing often occur due to

race and gender

what are some non legal factors affecting sentencing

race, age, socioeconomic status

Cesare Beccaria believed punishment should be what?

rehabilitated not revenged

what is presumptive sentencing

sentence based on the severity of the crime and also on the offender's record of prior convictions. Under specific mitigating circumstances, the judge can reduce the sentence by ordering a downward departure

this particular act created the Us sentencing commission

sentencing reform act of 1984

when a trial is waived, the decision of guilt or innocence falls upon who

the judge

what are mandatory minimum sentences

the mandatory sentence that you must serve

Why do we punish offenders

to create a safe, more effective society

today the general publics reaction toward crime is more

tolerant, less stigma

who pioneered the manhattan bail project

vera institute of justice

who developed the irish mark system, where inmates could eventually earn early release

walter crofton

who felt strongly about the merits of the reformatory model

zebulon brockway


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