Criminal Justice Chapter 5 and 6
Identify the issues that impinge on the potential for development of the private security industry in the United States. (Check all that apply.)
-Private security officers face the possibility of being held civilly or criminally liable for violating an individual's civil rights. Private security officers are not given protection responsibilities of sites designated by government as critical infrastructure. -Many companies are reducing the number of security officers that they employ and supplementing them with "integrated guarding." Private security personnel face a large number of constitutional limitations in investigating crime.
Identify the current priorities of the Federal Bureau of Investigation. (Check all that apply.)
-Protecting the United States from terrorist attack and against foreign intelligence operations and espionage -Protecting the United States against cyber-based attacks and high-technology crimes Providing judicial security, witness security, prisoner services and transporting federal prisoners and criminal aliens Protecting national leaders, visiting heads of state and government, designated sites, and National Special Security Events -Combating major white-collar crime and significant violent crime -Combating public corruption at all levels and protecting civil rights
Which of the following are true of the U.S. Marshals Service? (Check all that apply.)
-Throughout their more than 220-year history, U.S. Marshals and their deputies have been "general practitioners within the law enforcement community." -The U.S. Marshals are not restricted by legislation to specific, well-defined duties and jurisdictions. The primary responsibility of the U.S. The mission of the U.S. Marshals Service is the protection of the president, his or her immediate family, and the president-elect. -One of the Marshals' first law enforcement duties—one they still perform today—was to conduct executions authorized by the federal courts.
Which of the following are functions of county law enforcement?
-confinement and corrections investigation of interstate crime -civil process services investigation of federal crime
According to political scientist William Muir, police officers who have passion for the job and feel comfortable using force to solve problems are
-enforcers. avoiders. reciprocators. professionals.
In the 1880s what two qualifications did the city of Cincinnati required police officers to have?
-foot speed political party membership -high moral character shooting skill
The primary purpose of the new force created within the Justice Department in 1908, later named the Federal Bureau of Investigation, was to _____.
-investigate violations of the Sherman Anti-Trust Act combat the counterfeiting of U.S. currency protect and defend the United States against terrorist threats detect persons perpetrating frauds against the government
In the context of private security employment in the United States, in-house protective services that a security staff provides for the entity that employs it are known as _____.
-proprietary security proactive security observe-and-report security contract security
Officer Velasquez and Officer McGill spend the majority of their day patrolling the streets in a random pattern and answering calls as needed. Which characteristic of police work does this best illustrate?
-the independent nature of police work the consistently high level of danger the prevalence of "dirty work" the need for quick decision making
Which of the following advantages result in the role of detective having a high status?
1. Detectives enjoy more freedom from supervision. 2. Detectives often receive higher compensation.
Identify the general policy principles laid out by President George W. Bush to guide local, state, and federal law enforcement agencies in the prevention of domestic and international terrorism. (Check all that apply.)
1. Isolate and apply pressure on states that sponsor terrorism to force them to change their behavior. 2. Bolster the counterterrorist capabilities of those countries that work with the United States and require assistance.
Which of the following are true of aggressive patrol?
1. It is likely to inconvenience innocent citizens 2. It has been found to reduce crime in targeted areas.
According to criminologist Eugene Paoline, which of the following are true of police officers who are traditionalists? (Check all that apply.)
1. They are distrustful of citizens and do not believe citizens will cooperate with them 2.They endorse the crime-fighting aspects of the occupation and reject order maintenance and community policing functions.
Select all that apply Officer Johnson arrived at an accident scene and realized that one of the cars was at risk of exploding. He pulled the driver to safety just in time. Which of the following characteristics of police work does this scenario best illustrate? (Check all that apply.)
1. working in dangerous circumstances 2. quick decision making
In the context of community policing, which of the four steps of the SARA problem-solving process involves determining how effective the solution was?
Assessment
In 1748, Henry Fielding, a London magistrate, founded a group of professional law enforcement agents known as the _____ to apprehend criminals and to recover stolen property in the entertainment district of London.
Bow Street Runners
Which of the following correctly states one of the general principles of the counterterrorist policy laid out by President George W. Bush?
Bring terrorists to justice no matter how long it takes.
In the context of crop eradication as a drug enforcement strategy, identify the only crop targeted by local police agencies in the United States.
Cannabis
Which component of community policing has the main goal of establishing and maintaining mutual trust between citizens and the police?
Community partnership
The ________- ________ __________was a system of protection in early England in which citizens, under the direction of a constable, or peacekeeper, were required to guard the city and to pursue criminals.
Constable- Watch System
What familiar law enforcement system did the early American colonists bring over from England?
Constable-watch
In the context of private security employees in the United States,__________ ___________ companies offer protective services for a fee to people, agencies, and companies that do not employ their own security personnel or that need extra protection. (Use one word per blank.)
Contract Security
Which of the following are true of aggressive patrol?
It has been found to reduce crime in targeted areas.
Identify the true statements about the United States Secret Service. (Check all that apply.)
It was formed as a permanent part of the Justice Department in 1909 to investigate crimes involving national banking, bankruptcy, and antitrust. -In 1867, its responsibilities were expanded to include "detecting persons perpetrating frauds against the government." -Its mission includes protecting national leaders, visiting heads of state and government, and designated sites and National Special Security Events. -It was created as a branch of the Treasury Department to combat the counterfeiting of U.S. currency.
Match the different types of law enforcement groups in the United States (in the left column) with their examples (in the right column).
Law Enforcement at the State Level- includes highway patrols, bureaus of investigation, park rangers, watercraft officers, and other law enforcement agencies and personnel with limited jurisdictions Law Enforcement at the federal level- Includes the FBI, the US Secret Service, the DEA, the US Marshals Service, the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives and several dozen other agencies.
In the context of policing styles reported by political scientist James Q. Wilson, match the organizational styles of different police departments (in the left column) with the descriptions (in the right column).
Legalistic style- it emphasizes violations of law and the use of threats or actual arrests to solve disputes in the community Watchman style- it emphasizes informal means of resolving disputes and problems in a community. Service style- it emphasizes helping in the community, as opposed to enforcing the law.
Which city had the first paid, unified police force in the United States?
New York
According to sociologist John Broderick, police officers who emphasize due process while placing little emphasis on social order are
Optimists
Which of the following is true of directed patrol?
Evidence shows that it can reduce the incidence of targeted crimes such as thefts from autos and robberies.
Before the creation of the Department of Homeland Security, what agency had the primary responsibility to prevent terrorist acts in the United States?
FBI
The police function that involves responding to calls, helping injured people, dealing with automobile accidents, and engaging in a number of other duties is
Patrol
True or false: In the United States, minimum qualifications for private security personnel at all levels of employment is higher than those of the public police.
False
According to political scientist William Muir's styles of policing, identify the classification of officers who have the necessary passion and perspective to be valuable police officers.
Professionals
In the context of community policing, which of the four steps of the SARA problem-solving process involves developing and implementing solutions?
Response
Identify the first British detective force.
The Bow Street Runners
Identify the main research and development arm of the Department of Homeland Security.
The Science and Technology Directorate
True or false: During the earlier periods of U.S. history, vigilantism was often the only way that people could maintain order and defend themselves against renegades and thugs.
True
The first federal law enforcement agents in the United States were the _____.
U.S. Secret Service agents FBI Special Agents Federal Air Marshals -U.S. Marshals
Match the major components of the Department of Homeland Security (in the left column) with the descriptions of their functions (in the right column).
US Coast Guard- US immigration and customs enforcement- US citizenship and immigration services- US customs and boarder protection-
The practice of having an entire patrol section make numerous traffic stops and field interrogations is known as .
agressive patrol
Which of the following investigators looks into reports of crimes allegedly committed by police personnel?
an internal affairs investigator
Which of the following types of investigators is most likely to try to infiltrate a drug gang?
an undercover investigator
Which component of community policing results in a downward shifting of initiative, decision making, and responsibility within the police organization?
change management
What is the law enforcement model in which state law enforcement officers have the same powers as local officers but their jurisdiction includes the entire state?
department of public safety model highway patrol model -state police model resources enforcement model
Patrolling under guidance or orders on how to use patrol time is known as .
directed patrol
In the context of aggressive patrol, a(n) is a temporary detention in which officers stop and question pedestrians and motorists they find in suspicious circumstances.
field interrogation
Common roles for police officers include
following strict guidelines without using discretion. -solving sociological and technical problems. -taking a leading role in public safety. -serving in dangerous situations.
According to a 1972 Kansas City experiment, preventive patrol
has no effect on crime rates or public perception
In contrast to patrol officers, detectives _____.
have anonymity during work hours if they choose it
The new top priority of the FBI today is to function as a(n)
intelligence and counterterrorism agency.
Locating witnesses and collecting evidence are duties that are part of the police function known as
investigation
The fact that municipal police cannot answer calls outside the city's boundaries is an example of a
jurisdictional limitation.
The vast majority of public law enforcement agencies in the United States are at the ______ level.
local
What prevented the development of professional urban police departments before the 1920s?
officer shortages -party politics outdated regulations public indifference
The term " " refers to the different overall approaches to the police job.
operational styles
Officer Velasquez and Officer McGill spend the majority of their day patrolling the streets in a random pattern and answering calls as needed. Which characteristic of police work does this best illustrate?
the independent nature of police work
The _________ ________was a private self-help protection system in early medieval England, in which a group of 10 families, or a tithing, agreed to follow the law, keep the peace in their areas, and bring law violators to justice.
tithing system
Which of the following did the Progressive reformer August Vollmer and his followers advocate as ways to improve professionalism in policing? (Check all that apply.)
training nonspecialization -education foot patrols
Which of the following are true of county law enforcement functions? (Check all that apply.)
Sheriffs' departments are responsible for protecting the governor and the capitol grounds and buildings. -Sheriffs' departments frequently operate the county jail. -Sheriffs' departments provide courtroom security and confine and transport prisoners.
Identify the true statements about the constable-watch system in England in the thirteenth century. (Check all that apply.)
-It was the first modern police force in Europe. Yes One man from each parish was selected as chief peacekeeper. Yes Constables had the power to draft citizens as watchmen and require them to guard the city at night. YES It was formalized by the Statute of Winchester in 1285.
Which of the following are true of community policing? (Check all that apply.)
-Its goal is to eradicate the causes of crime in a community. It predominantly uses reactive policing strategies. -It emphasizes keeping peace and delivering social services. It focuses on incident-based crime fighting.
According to criminologist Eugene Paoline's classification scheme, match the types of police officers (in the left column) with their descriptions (in the right column)
Dirty Harry enforcers- They believe strongly in aggressive patrol tactics in crime and noncrime police functions and endorse, at times, the violation of citizens' rights. Lay-Lows- . They view order maintenance and community policing as ambiguous roles and time-consuming functions. Peacekeepers- They view aggressive patrolling tactics negatively but have positive views toward selective enforcement Old-pros- They hold favorable attitudes of citizens and supervisors and believe search-and-seizure laws and other legal guidelines should be followed. Law Enforcers- They hold the strongest crime-fighting attitudes, moderately accept order maintenance functions, but show displeasure with community policing functions.
According to political scientist William Muir, police officers who have passion for the job and feel comfortable using force to solve problems are
Enforcers
__________ __________is the psychological strain and stress that result from trying to perform two or more incompatible responsibilities.
Role Conflict
Identify the federal agency responsible for the protection of the U.S. president.
Secret Service
In the context of frontier law enforcement, which of the following were true of the Cherokee law enforcement agency called the regulators? (Check all that apply.)
The regulators provided justice for the Cherokees until 1825. The regulators were companies consisting of six men, who had an all-encompassing criminal justice function.
Match the forms of law enforcement that evolved in early America (in the left column) with the areas in which they were predominant (in the right column).
The watch- villages, towns and cities The sheriff- Rural areas, unincorporated areas, and counties
Identify the generalizations about law enforcement in the United States. (Check all that apply.)
There is a general agreement on professional standards for police personnel, equipment, and practices. -Expenditures for police services are same throughout communities across the nation. The quality of police services varies greatly among states and localities across the nation. -Obtaining police services from the appropriate agency is often confusing for crime victims and other clients.
According to political scientist William Muir's styles of policing, identify a true statement about reciprocators.
They are officers who lack the passion to do the job and their values make it difficult for them to use force to solve problem
Which of the following is a contemporary approach that actively involves the people of the town or city in a working partnership to control and reduce crime?
community policing
What is an unintended negative consequence of the crop eradication strategy of drug enforcement?
damage to human health as a result of the toxic sprays used
involves police officers patrolling the streets with little direction; between responses to radio calls, officers are "systematically unsystematic" and observant in an attempt to both prevent and ferret out crime
preventive patrol
The FBI defines as "the systematic use of terror or unpredictable violence against governments, publics, or individuals to attain a political objective."
terrorism
What is the law enforcement model in which state law enforcement officers focus on traffic safety, enforcement of traffic laws, and accident investigation?
resources enforcement model -highway patrol model department of public safety model state police model
is the psychological strain and stress that result from trying to perform two or more incompatible responsibilities.
role conflict
Which of the following incidents was most clearly an act of domestic rather than international terrorism?
the 1995 bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City by Timothy McVeigh
Which of the following positions in American law enforcement traces its origins to the persons who controlled regions called shires in medieval England?
sheriff
Which of the following drug enforcement strategies is mostly likely to focus on borders and airports?
smuggling interdiction
Which of the following drug enforcement strategies is most likely to result in the arrest of drug users?
street-level enforcement