Cultural Anthropology Chapter 9

About 10 percent of the world's societies do not have lineages and practice double descent.

False

All societies practice some form of the levirate and sororate.

False

Anthropology has been helpful in raising awareness for culturally sensitive responses to victims of domestic violence, but also supports the idea that cultural acceptance is a valid justification.

False

Exogamy specifies that a person must marry within a specific group of individuals.

False

Previously divorced spouses and their new marriage partners are referred to as a composite family.

False

Clans do not normally indicate the residence of an individual.

True

Descent is a culturally established affiliation.

True

The extended family is based on the principle of consanguinity.

True

When kin group interests are the basis of mate selection, it is called arranged marriage.

True

Which of the following is best described as a composite family? a. A group of nuclear families that are linked by a common spouse b. A group of extended families who share a common ancestor c. A group of blended families who have shared a common spouse over time d. A family composed of three or more generations e. A family composed of two parents and immediate offspring only

a. A group of nuclear families that are linked by a common spouse

In the United States, racial groups and social classes tend to be: a. endogamous. b. exogamous. c. collateral kin. d. caste-like. e. patrilineal.

a. Endogamous

Which of the following statements about aging today is NOT correct? a. In the United States, elderly people increasingly prefer to live in group homes and not independently. b. In China, some families prefer girls to boys so that they will have someone to care for them in their old age. c. Some Muslim families are choosing to place elderly parents in nursing homes because of their inability to care for them in the home. d. Burial rituals in Japan have begun changing so that elderly parents will not burden their children with tradition. e. In India, sons are expected to care for their elderly parents and are finding it increasingly difficult.

a. In the United States, elderly people increasingly prefer to live in group homes and not independently.

Regarding divorced parents in the United States today, which of the following is NOT correct? a. Only one child in three sees their divorced father daily. b. Only one child in four sees their divorced father once a month. c. Only one child in six averages a weekly visit with a divorced father. d. Almost half of children with divorced parents have not seen their biological father for more than a year. e. Ten years after the divorce, more than two-thirds of children have lost contact with their father.

a. Only one child in three sees their divorced father daily

Most polygynous families are structured into: a. composite families. b. nuclear families. c. extended families. d. matrilineal families. e. avunculocal families.

a. composite families

Blood ties between people are called: a. consanguineal ties. b. sororal ties. c. affinal ties. d. familial ties. e. patrilineal ties.

a. consanguineal ties

The principle of __________ differentiates relatives by blood from relatives by marriage. a. consanguineal vs. affinal kin b. lineality vs. collaterality c. relative age d. bifurcation e. gender

a. consanguineal vs. affinal kin

Although lay people refer to plural marriage as "polygamy" in the United States, when a man can have more than one spouse it is called: a. polyandry. b. polygyny. c. polygandry. d. polysororate. e. plurality.

b. Polygyny

The most common form of marriage across cultures is: a. monogamy. b. polygyny. c. polyandry. d. arranged marriage. e. serial monogamy.

b. Polygyny

When a couple can choose between living with the wife's or husband's family, it is called: a. neolocal residence. b. bilocal residence. c. avunculocal residence. d. patrilocal residence. e. matrilocal residence.

b. bilocal residence.

A society in which the wife's sister replaces her as wife if she dies in her marriage is practicing the custom of: a. levirate. b. sororate. c. bilaterate. d. matrilineality. e. sororal polyandry.

b. sororate

Which of the following is an example of a unilineal descent system? a. Both the mother's and father's lines are equally used to determine descent and kinship. b. A system has no clear-cut descent group, but rather has a network of kin called kindred. c. A man and his children belong to the same descent group. Inheritance is passed from father to son. d. A child chooses to affiliate with his or her mother's descent group. e. A child chooses to affiliate with his or her father's descent group.

c. A man and his children belong to the same descent group. Inheritance is passed from father to son.

When cash or goods are given by the groom's kin to the bride's kin to seal the marriage, it is classified as: a. dowry. b. bride service. c. bridewealth. d. levirate. e. sororate.

c. Bridewealth

Bride service is found most commonly among which type of society? Select one: a. Agricultural b. Horticultural c. Foraging d. Industrial e. Pastoral

c. Foraging

Under the levirate rule, if Tom and Jane are married and: a. Tom dies, Jane will be returned to her nuclear family. b. Tom dies, Jane will marry one of Tom's uncles. c. Tom dies, Jane will marry one of Tom's brothers. d. Jane dies, Tom will marry one of Jane's aunts. e. Jane dies, Tom will marry one of Jane's sisters.

c. Tom dies, Jane will marry one of Tom's brothers = What is the primary significance of rules of exogamy? a. They form the basis for alliances between groups. b. They keep privileges and wealth of a group intact. c. They limit rivalries for power and influence. d. They function to create a more conservative religious alliance. e. They allow families to marry individuals who are related to them. = a. They form the basis for alliances between groups.

A(n) __________ family is organized around the female line. a. ambilineal b. patrilineal c. matrilineal d. bilineal e. kindred

c. matrilineal

The individual who has authority and control in a matrilineal society is: a. the children's father. b. the children's grandmother. c. the children's maternal uncle (mother's brother). d. the children's paternal uncle (father's brother). e. the children's mother.

c. the children's maternal uncle (mother's brother)

Alliance theory argues that incest taboos are universal because: a. they decrease the amount of genetic harmfulness and reduce the number of weak offspring. b. they decrease the potential for family conflict and disruption of role relationships. c. they force people to create wider social bonds that are useful in group survival. d. all societies have the same rules of exogamy and endogamy. e. they increase the number of marriageable pairs within a society and allow populations to grow at a higher rate.

c. they force people to create wider social bonds that are useful in group survival

Which of the following statements about arranged marriages in India is NOT true? a. Arranged marriages are closely aligned with the patrilineal ideals of society. b. Most people still prefer arranged marriage. c. Kin group interests have a more significant role in mate selection than individual desires. d. Globalization has not had much of an impact. e. Many women now save for their own dowries.

d. Globalization has not had much of an impact.

Polygyny is a form of marriage in which: a. women's status is universally low. b. women's status is universally high. c. women's and men's status varies cross-culturally. d. men's status is universally high. e. men's status is universally low.

d. men's status is universally high

All of the following are principles for classifying kin EXCEPT: a. sex of linking relative. b. lineality vs. collaterality. c. gender. d. race. e. relative age.

d. race

How has the American family structure grown more diverse over time? a. The number of multigenerational families has substantially increased. b. Single-parent households have become more and more common. c. Almost half of the children of divorced families have not seen their father in more than one year. d. High rates of divorce and remarriage have enmeshed nuclear families in more complicated networks. e. All of these are correct.

e. All of these are correct

Kin groups that trace descent from a common ancestor and who can demonstrate those genealogical links among themselves are called: a. moieties. b. clans. c. kindreds. d. corporate descent groups. e. lineages.

e. Lineages

The customs, rules, and obligations that establish a socially-endorsed relationship between adults and children and between the kin groups of the married partners is called: a. cohabitation. b. conjugal union. c. "family visits." d. intercourse. e. marriage.

e. Marriage

Which kinship principle differentiates between cross-cousins and parallel cousins? a. Consanguinal vs. affinal kin b. Gender c. Bifurcation d. Relative age e. Sex of linking relative

e. Sex of linking relative

When a couple lives with the wife's family, it is referred to as: a. neolocal residence. b. bilocal residence. c. avunculocal residence. d. patrilocal residence. e. matrilocal residence.

e. matrilocal residence.