Cultural Anthropology, Exam 2

Using Hawaiian kinship terms, an individual called their mother's sister....

"none of these: uncle, father, brother, grandfather"

If, in your kinship terminology, you call your mother's brother's daughter "mother," you have a(n) __________ system.

Omaha

T/F: Although not the public leaders, in many matrilineal societies, women determine who the male leaders are.

T

T/F: Among some of the Plains tribes of the United States, some women assumed the male roles of hunters and warriors.

T

T/F: Dowry is usually found in societies where women are limited in economic activities outside of the family.

T

T/F: Many anthropologists view fieldwork as an essential part of the education of an anthropologist.

T

T/F: The primary divisions of labor found in all societies are based on gender and age.

T

Bronislaw Malinowski conducted his fieldwork in...

The Trobriand Islands

While most money is portable, there is one exception. On the island of __________ in the Micronesian Islands of the Pacific, large stone disks are used as money. They are seldom moved, ownership is just transferred.

Yap

Which of the following would be classified as a nuclear family household?

a husband, a wife, and their unmarried children

The sexual division of labor (1)...

all of the above: is changing in modern America, is a cultural universal, of man the breadwinner and woman the homemaker is not a cultural universal.

Which of the following are or can be characteristics of money?

all of the above: it is portable and storable, supply controlled by natural occurrence, supply control by governments, and has limited use other than as a means of economic exchange

The sexual division of labor....

all of the above: means that men and women perform different economic tasks, is characteristic of traditional societies, and is being changed by the global economy

Which of the following forms of marriage are forms of polygamy?

all of the above: polygyny, polyandry, and group marriage

Market exchange has which of the following characteristics?

all of the above: use money, the sale of goods and services, and prices or values determined by supply and demand

A written account of description of the culture of a particular society is called...

an ethnography

If after marriage, the couples lives with the husband's mother's brother, residence is called...

avunculocal

If in your kinship terminology you call your father and his brother "father," you have an __________ system.

b or c: Hawaiian or Iroquois

If in your kinship terminology you call your mother and her sister "mother," you have an __________ system.

b or c: Hawaiian or Iroquois

Gifts from an individual's friends usually takes the form of...

balanced reciprocity

A person's sex is determined by __________ inheritance, while their gender is culturally constructed.

biological

The form of marital exchange in which the groom's family give gifts or property of high value to the family of the wife is called...

bride wealth

Using Iroquois kinship terms, an individual calls the children of their mother's sister...

brother and sister

The hypothesis concerning the sexual division of labor which states that the tasks performed by women have to be compatible with the caring for infants and young children is called the...

child care compatibility hypothesis

Using Eskimo kinship terms, an individual called the children of their father's brother...

cousins

Using Iroquois kinship terms, an individual calls the children of their mother's brother...

cousins

The giving of gifts (property) at marriages by the bride's family to either the bride and/or the groom is called __________.

dowry

According to Leslie White, the driving force of cultural change was the increasing control of...

energy

The study of the past or historic culture of a particular people by studying the written accounts and other documents concerning them is called __________ research.

ethnohistoric

If a household consists of only the husband, wife, and unmarried children, it is said to be a nuclear family. If however, these individuals live with the parents of either the husband or the wife, it is called an __________ family.

extended

Using Hawaiian kinship terms, an individual called their father's brother...

father

The study of a culture of a society by interviewing living members of the group and by observing their behavior and participating in their activities is called ethnographic __________ research.

field participation

Bronislaw Malinowski developed the theory of culture known as...

functionalism

According to the text, which of the following tasks is predominately performed by women...

gathering wild food plants

The practice or custom of men assuming the role of women, and women taking the role of men is called __________ crossing.

gender

When either a man or a woman assumes the gender role (usually economic) of the opposite gender, it is an example of...

gender crossing

Gift exchange between close family members usually takes the form of...

generalized reciprocity

Gifts between parents and children usually take the form of...

generalized reciprocity

The marriage of two women to two or more men is extremely rare and is termed...

group marriage

Which task do men almost always perform...

hunting

A member of society who supplies the ethnographer with information on the culture is called an __________.

informant

The division of labor in foraging societies...

is by gender and age

The remarriage of a widow to a brother, or male relative, of her deceased husband is called the ________________.

levirate

Among the Tiv of Nigeria, "money" consisted of metal rods. However, these rods were exchanged for only a limited range of goods: slaves, cattle, and a special type of white cloth. Money such as this referred to as __________ purpose money.

limited

Of the different forms of economic exchange, which is the only form of exchange that REQUIRES "money"?

market exchange

The exchange of goods and/or services with the price determined by supply and demand is characteristic of...

market exchange

The purchasing of lunch as Taco Bell is an example of...

market exchange

Matrilocal post-marital residence is usually associated with which form of descent...

matrilineal

Avunculocal residence after marriage is associated with...

matrilineal descent

If the children of a man and woman "belong" to the family or clan of the mother, the society is said to have...

matrilineal descent

The Navajo Indians discussed in the lectures are an example of a...

matrilineal society

If a husband, wife and children live with the parents and family of the wife, the household is called a(n)...

matrilocal extended family household

The Nayar of Southern India are one of the exceptions to the idea of the universality of the family. The children were raised by the matrilineal extended family of their mother with their economic support coming from their mother's male relatives: brothers, uncles, and cousins. Anthropologists believe that this is the result of the men being employed as...

mercenaries

According to the text, which of the following tasks is exclusively performed by males?

metalworking

The marriage of one woman to one man is termed...

monogamy

The form of reciprocity in which both parties attempt to gain all that they can from the exchange while giving up as little as possible is called...

negative

Leslie White was a...

neoevolutionist

In the US, the "ideal" or most common form of post marital residence is...

neolocal

If a household consists of only the husband, wife, and unmarried children, it is said to be a(n)...

nuclear family household

The technique used in conducting ethnographic fieldwork, involving living among a people and participating in their daily activities is termed participant __________.

observation

Omaha kinship terminologies are most commonly found in societies with...

patrilineal descent

If after marriage, the couple lives with the husband's family, residence is termed...

patrilocal

The explanation for sexual division of labor that states men are physically stronger than women and thus work tasks such as mining and ironworking, which require greater strength, are performed by men. This is called the __________ hypothesis.

physical strength

The Toda of India are a small tribal group who traditionally, before British domination, practiced...

polyandry

While most traditional societies in the world allow for plural marriage or __________, the majority of actual marriages are __________, meaning between only one man and woman.

polygamy; monogamy

The marriage of one man to two or more women is called __________.

polygyny

The marriage of one man to two or more women is termed...

polygyny

The hypothesis concerning the sexual division of labor which states the men perform tasks that are the most dangerous is called the...

reproductive role hypothesis

The hypothesis concerning the sexual division of labor which states that fewer men are needed to sustain an increased population size than women; so, societies protect their women by assigning hazardous tasks to men, is called the __________ hypothesis.

reproductivity role

The primary goals of the __________ approach in anthropology is in explaining cultural differences and similarities and why and how cultures change. The main goal of the humanistic approach is describing and interpreting particular cultures, to achieve an insider's view and/or represent the voices of the people themselves.

scientific

When studying another culture, anthropologists frequently experience culture __________, the feeling of uncertainty and anxiety and individual experiences when placed in a strange cultural setting.

shock

The practice of the remarriage of a widower to a sister of his deceased wife is called the __________.

sororate

Gender __________ refers to the degree to which groups of people allocated material and social rewards to women and men based on their gender.

stratification

Using Omaha kinship terms, an individual called the children of their mother's brother...

uncle (mother's brother) and mother

The theory that all people started out as savages and progressed one stage at a time, like climbing a ladder, through various stages of barbarism to finally reach "civilization" is called...

unilinear evolutionism

According to Radcliffe-Brown, the culture of a society with little internal conflict was said to be tending toward a state of __________, while societies with increasing internal cultural conflict were tending toward a state of dysnomia.

unomia

Which of the following relatives would be an affine?

your spouse's father

Which of the following relatives would NOT be a consanguineal relative?

your wife's mother

The idea of participant observation as a field research technique was developed by

Bronislaw Malinowski

English and Portuguese kinship terms are classified as...

Eskimo

If in your kinship terminology you call your mother's brother's children "cousin," you have a(n) __________ system.

Eskimo

Dowry is or was commonly practiced among the peoples of...

Europe and the Middle East

T/F: In the modern world, ALL economic exchanges take the form of market exchange.

F

T/F: The polyandry is a very rare form of marriage. One society where it is sometimes practiced is with the Yanomamo.

F

The Bugis people of __________ recognize a fifth gender, bissu (neither male nor female).

Indonesia