DC BIO Chapter 5

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Simple diffusion of molecules occurs

in non-living systems as well as living systems

The figure below represents a metabolic pathway, what happens if enzyme2 is defective and nonfunctional

substrate y would not be metabolized

The second law of thermodynamics states that all energy transformations results in more

the energy taken in as food is eventually converted into heat energy

Pickles are often preserved in a 20-30% salt solution called brine. How does this method prevent contamination by microorganisms?

Bacteria can't survive in a hypertonic solution because they lose water

Which of the following is an example of osmosis?

Cells of our kidneys reabsorb water to prevent it from all leaving through our urine.

When a car burns gasoline, much of the energy is in the form of heat as the car is driven. Which of the following best describes this in relation to the first law of thermodynamics?

Energy can be changed from one form to another

In the set-up shown in the figure below, which of the following statements would describe what would be observed after 12 hours of time have elapsed?

The level of the solution in the tube would rise because there are now more dissolved solutes in the tube than the beaker

Which of the following is best associated with a coupled reaction

The metabolic reaction requires energy from ATP

The concentration of calcium in a cell is 3%. The concentration of calcium in the surrounding fluid is 1%. How could the cell obtain more calcium?

active transport

Which of these words does not belong with the rest as it relates to concentration gradient

active transport

Osmosis includes

both the diffusion of water and a semi-permeable membrane

What prevents a plant cell from bursting in a hypotonic solution

cell wall

Molecules move from greater to lesser concentration through a transport protein in

facilitated diffusion

Energy of activation

is the energy required for molecules to react with each other

When a cell is in a solution where the concentration of solute is the same in the cell as in the solution, the solution is called

isotonic

A white blood cell surrounds and engulfs a worn-out blood cell, forming a vesicle around the red blood cell. This process is called

phagocytosis

The opposite of a turgid plant cell is a

plasmolyzed plant cell

Why do metabolic pathways require tens to hundreds of different enzymes?

Each enzyme has a specific substrate and produces a specific product


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