Decolonization and the Modern Era

Six Days War

-1967 -Third Arab - Israeli War -Four Arab states plan invasion: Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, & Syria -Israel attacks first -Israel wins

Indri Gandhi

-3rd Prime Minister if India -leaned on USSR for support -operation Smiling Buddha -1967: successful Nuclear test

Nigeria European rule? Key figures and groups? Methods of achieving independence? Conditions in the country after independence?

-British -indirect -3 Major Ethnic Groups: •Hausa-Fulani: Muslim •Yoruba: farmers •Igbo: Christian -Methods of Achieving Independence: through constitutions that were legislated by the British government, peaceful independence -After Independence: adopted federal system, 3 states & political parties in each, deadly civil war

South Africa European rule? Key figures and groups? Methods of achieving independence? Conditions in the country after independence?

-British Commonwealth -Driect -Dutch -Nelson Mandela -F.W. de Klerk -Bishop Desmond Tutu Methods of Achieving Independence: battled against Dutch and British, segregation, apartheid After Independence: war with Biafra after segregation trying to u it's all races

Kenya European rule? Key figures and groups? Methods of achieving independence? Conditions in the country after independence?

-Direct rule -British -Jomo Kenyatta -Mau Mau -Methods of Achieving Independence: guerrilla warfare, violent After Independence: thousands homeless, thousands killed

Yom Kippur War

-Fourth Arab - Israel War -Egypt attacks on Jewish holiday -Israel wins

Algeria European rule? Key figures and groups? Methods of achieving independence? Conditions in the country after independence?

-France -direct rule -FLN -Ahmed Ben Balla -methods of achieving independence: military forces and genocides, very violent, civil war after first president was overthrown -after independence: unemployment, dissatisfaction with government, civil war broke out between Islamic militants and government

IMF

-Goal: Stabilize exchange rates and provide loans for its 188 members -International

World Trade Organization

-Groups that organizes trade agreements between nations -International

Camp David Accords

-Key peace agreement in 1979 -results: •Egypt recognized Israel as a legitimate state in the Middle East •Ended 30 years of hostilities between Egypt and Israel •Muslin Extremist assassinated President Anwar Sadat

European Union

-Large group of European states that share a common currency, law code, etc. -Regional

What are the causes of Decolonization?

-Negritude Movement: Africans focus on celebrating their culture, heritage and values -Europeans questioned cost and mortality of colonization

OPEC

-Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries -declared an oil embargo-restriction of trade

PLO

-Palestinian Liberation Organization -Armed Guerrilla Fighters were the dominant groups in PLO in 1970's

Angola European rule? Key figures and groups? Methods of achieving independence? Conditions in the country after independence?

-Portuguese -indirect -MPLA -UNITA -Methods of Achieving Independence: fought violently against Portugal but fell apart once they gained it -After Independence: led to a civil war between MPLA & UNITA,

Oslo Peace Accords

-Surprise agreement in 1993 -results: •Israel agreed to grant Palestine self rule in the West Bank and Gaza Strip •Jewish Extremist assassinated Israel Prime Minister Yitzak Rabin

NAFTA

-Trade agreement that opens up trade between the North American nations -Economic trade unit -Regional

Ghana European rule? Key figures and groups? Methods of achieving independence? Conditions in the country after independence?

-aka West Africa -indirect rule -British -Kwame Nkrumah -Performed strikes and nonviolent boycotts to achieve independence -after independence, they shifted back and forth between civilian and military rule -after independence, they struggles for economic stability

Mohandas Gandhi

-launched a nonviolent campaign of noncooperation with the British

Kwame Nkrumah

-leader of a nonviolent movement -Ghana's first Prime Minister

Mau Mau

-led violent attacks -secret society of farmers in Kenya

Nelson Mandela

ANC (African National Congress) leader in South Africa

Anwar Sadat

Arab leader who offers to meet with Israel

Jawaharlal Nehru

India's first Prime Minister

Golda Meir

Israel Leader

Jomo Kenyatta

Kenya's nationalist

Ahmed Ben Balla

Leader of the FLN (Algerian National Liberian Front)

Muhammad Ali Jinnah

Leader of the Muslim League

Desmond Tutu

Led economic campaign against apartheid in South Africa

F.W. deKlerk

New South African president

Apartheid

Segregation or discrimination in South Africa

Suez Crisis

UN saw it as unfit for British and France to control the canal, much less fight over it. So they backed down and Egypt was given control

Pan Africanism

Wanted United States of Africa